21st Century Literature Reviewer

(Prelim) AUTHOR-DEPENDENT APPROACH:

LITERATURE: “literatura”/ writing
formed with letters.
N= stories, poems, and plays. (Have
value as an art and not just
entertainment.)
 Presents human experiences in
various forms like moods,
thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and
sensations in an inter-related
serious events.
2 FORMS OF LITERATURE:
→ Prose- arranged into paragraphs.
→ Poetry- rhyme/stanzas.
 Historical- Biographical
→ reflection of author's life.
 Moral-Philosophical
→ Morality
→ Moral & Ethical teaching:
1. encourages virtue is praised.
2. Corrupts are condemned.
TEXT-DEPENDENT APPROACH:
 Formalism
→ Form
→ Features of the literary text itself.
 Two forms;
→ Explication: relations of parts.
→ Exegesis: unfolding of the meaning.

2 TYPES OF LITERATURE: TIMELINE OF PHILIPPINE

→ Fiction- imagination LITERATURE:
→ Non-fiction- reality
PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE;
LITERARY GENRES: → Folk literature: Folklores, myths,
→ Prose fiction: proses that are folktales, legends and fables.
imaginative. → Folklore: Collection of fictional
→ Poetry: expression written in verses. stories about animals, people of cultural
→ Drama: performed objective scenario/ myths, jokes and songs. (Folk: ordinary
audience. people, Lore: Knowledge)
 Tragedy: rarely has happy  4 Groups:
endings. → Folktales: simple story, teach morals/
 Comedy: make audience laugh. values to culture.
→ Non-fiction prose: based on facts, → Fables: animals, direct moral.
well-written prose that real written prose → Legends: origin of life, values,
that deals with real life. attitudes, beliefs in culture & historical
→ Creative Non-fiction: uses literary facts.
style and techniques to create factual, → Myths: gods/goddesses.
accurate narratives. (Tuesdays with
Morrie). DAMIAN EUGENIO(U.P): grouped the
Philippine Literature.
APPROACHES IN APPRECIATING
LITERATURE  Folk Narratives (Gaddang)
→ Prose:
LITERARY THEORY: process of - Alamat
understanding what the nature of - Myth
literature is. - Kwentong Bayan
LITERARY CRITICISM: evaluation and - Folk songs
study and interpretation of a literary - Folk ballads
text. → Verse:
 - Folk epic
 Folk speeches
→ Bugtong (Riddles)
→ Salawikain (Proverbs)
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
→ March 1521- Magellan.
→ King Phillip II → Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi → 1565 (Permanent Settlement)
→ Cebu
→ 1595 = Manila is the new capital.
NOTE:
GOVERNMENT OF THE FRIARS →
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION → SOCIO- → El Filibusterismo
ECONOMIC CLASSES.
Social Classes:
Peninsulares
Insulares
Illustrados (Wealthy Filipinos)
Indio (Stupid)
LITERATURE:
Religious prose and poetry:
→ Ladino Poets (Author)
→ Pasyon (Used in catechism)
→ Written to prescribe proper decorum.
→ Ang pagsusulatan ng dalawang
binibini na si Feliza at Urbana
Secular prose and poetry:
→ Romantic tradition
→ Leading poets: Jose Corazon De
Jesus “ Huseng Sisiw” & Francisco
Balagtas
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT:
 aim to seek reforms and inform the (Americans)
Spain of the abuses of it colonial
government.
 Used to persuade.
→ PURPOSE
 Recognition of Human Rights
 Secularization
 Recognition of Filipinos as a
province of Spain.
 Equal status for both Filipinos and
Spaniards.
 Philippine representation in the
Spanish cortes.
LA SOLIDARIDAD:
 Official News Paper of Propaganda
Movement.
 To increase awareness of
Spaniards.
PROPAGANDISTA:
→ Jose Rizal (Laong Laan)
 Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y
Alonso Realonda.
 National Hero
 Published the political novels:
→ Noli Me Tangere
→ Graciano Lopez Jaena (Fray Botod)
 Fray Botod (18)
 Leading literary and oratorical
spokesman.
 Founder of L.S & P.M
 Dec. 18, 1856 (Jaro, Iloilo)
→ Marcelo H. Del Pilar (Plaridel)
 Aug. 30, 1856 (Kupang, Bulacan)
 Propagandist & Satirist
 1872- Diyaryong Tagalog
 Dasalan at Tocsohan (Aba
Guinoong Baria) → Satirical
(Parody)
→ Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
→ Treaty of Paris – July 4, 1946
AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION:
 Public Schools
 Thomasites
 Filipino Scholars
 Silliman University
 PNU
 U.P
 LANGUAGE:
Mckinley → English Language → Public
Schools (Used in writing essays, poems,
& stories)

LITERATURE:
 Love and Freedom
 Patriotism
 Colonialism and Imperialism
NOTE: 3 GROUPS OF WRITERS
DURING THIS PERIOD
→ Filipino
→ English
→ Spanish

PERIODS DURING THIS ERA:

 Period of Reorientation (1898-
1910)
- Adjustment of Filipino writers
 Period of Imitation (1910-1925)
- Imitation of British and English way of
writing.
 Period of Self-Discovery (1925-
1941)
- Acquired mastery of english.
PEOPLE INVOLVED:
 Jose Garcia Villa
→ comma poet
→ Doveglion
→ Singalong, Manila
→ Secondary Education
→ Bright, Centipede, Erotic
 Paz Marquez Benitez – March 31,
1894
→ Dead Stars (READ THIS)