1

Lesson Plan #28

Class: AP Calculus Date: Wednesday November 17th, 2010

Topic: Derivatives of Sine and Cosine functions Aim: How do we differentiate trigonometric
functions?
Objectives:
1) Students will be able to differentiate trigonometric functions

HW# 28:
Page 140 #’s 1-9 (odd)

Squeeze Theorem:

The squeeze theorem is formally stated as follows.

Let I be an interval containing the point a. Let f, g,

and h be functions defined on I, except possibly at a itself.
Suppose that for every x in I not equal to a, we have:

and also suppose that:

Then

Illustration of the Squeeze Theorem

sin x
On your graphing calculator, set the mode to radian mode. In y1 enter cosx, in y2 enter , in y3 enter 1
x
sin x
Verify that there is an interval for which cos x  1
x
sin x
Since there is an interval for which cos x  1
x
and lim cos x  1
x0

and lim 11

x0
sin x
then by the squeeze theorem lim 1
x 0 x

sin 5 x sin x
1) Find the limit lim 2) Find the limit lim
x 0 x x 0 5x

1  cos x
Comment: By the Squeeze Theorem it can also be shown that lim 0
x 0 x
 2

3(1  cos x) sin( x   )

3) Find the limit lim 4) Find the limit lim 5) Find the limit
x0 x x0 x 
sin x
lim
x0 x 2  3x
Note: Also do above question as x

4) If 3x  f ( x)  x 3  2 for 0  x  2 , evaluate lim

x1
f ( x)

Do Now:

In Precalculus we learned how to use the Sum and Difference formulas for trigonometric functions. For example, recall
sin( x  y )  sin x cos y  cos x sin y

Use this formula to find the exact value of sin 75  , assuming you know the exact values of sin 30 o , cos 30 o , sin 45 o ,
cos 45 o

sin x
2) On your graphing calculator, set you graphing window to an appropriate size and graph the function f ( x ) 
x
What y value is the graph approaching as x  0 ?

What is another way to rewrite this question?

What is f (0) ?

1  cos x
3) On your graphing calculator, set you graphing window to an appropriate size and graph the function f ( x) 
x
What y value is the graph approaching as x  0 ?

What is another way to rewrite this question?

What is f (0) ?

Procedure:
Write the Aim and Do Now
Get students working!
Take attendance
Give back work
Go over the HW
Collect HW
Go over the Do Now

Recall the long way to find the derivative. Let’s use this long way to find the derivative of sin x

Definition of the Derivative of a Function: The derivative of a f at x is given by

f ( x  x)  f ( x)
f ' ( x)  lim provided the limit exists
x 0 x
 3

d sin( x  x)  sin x

[sin x ]  lim
dx x  0 x

Use the formula for the sin of the sum of angles to expand the first part of the limit

d x  cosxsin
sinxcos x  sin x
[sin x]  lim
dx x 0 x

Rewrite the right side of the equation so that the middle term is first, the last term is in the middle and the middle term is last

d cos x sin x  sin x  sin x cos x

[sin x]  lim
dx x  0 x

Factor sin x from the last two terms

d cos x sin x  (sin x)(1  cos x)

[sin x]  lim
dx x  0 x

Put the denominator under each term of the numerator

d   sin x   1  cos x 
[sin x]  lim (cos x)   (sin x) 
dx x 0
  x   x 

Evaluate limit
d
[sin x ]   (cos x )(1)  (sin x)(0)
dx

 cos x
So we have the derivative of sin x .

d
[sin x ]  cos x
dx

By other proofs we can get the derivatives of the other five trigonometric functions. Below are the derivatives of the six trig
functions.

d d
[sin x ]  cos x [cot x]   csc 2 x
dx dx
d d
[cos x]   sin x [sec x ]  sec x tan x
dx dx
d d
[tan x]  sec 2 x [csc x]   csc x cot x
dx dx

Assignment:
I. Find the derivative of each of the following

1) y  2 sin x  tan x
 4

2) y  x 2  sec x

3) y  2 x cot x

4) y  x cos x

5) y  4  x 2 sin x

6) y  x sin x  cos x

7) y  sec x csc x

2  cot x
III. Find the slope of the line tangent to y  at x  1 radian
x
 5
Sample Test Questions:
sin x
1) If f ( x)  , find f ' ( x )
x2

2) Let g ( x )  cos x  1 . The maximum value

attained by g on the closed interval  0,2  is for x
equal to

A) -1 B) 0 C) D) 2 E) 
2

2
3) The period of f ( x)  sin x is
3
1 2 3
A) B) C) D) 3 E) 6
3 3 2

4) Which of the following functions is not odd?

A) f ( x)  sin x B) f ( x)  sin 2 x C) f ( x)  x 3  1
x
D) f ( x)  E) f ( x)  3
2x
x 1
2

 x
5) The smallest positive x for which the function f ( x)  sin    1 is maximum is
 3
 3
A) B)  C) D) 3  E) 6 
2 2

dy
6) Find if y  x 5 tan x
dx
A) 5 x 4 tan x B) x 5 sec 2 x C) 5 x 4 sec 2 x
D) 5 x 4  sec 2 x E) 5 x 4 tan x  x 5 sec 2 x

  
7) The equation of the tangent to the curve y  x sin x at the point  ,  is
2 2
y  x   y  x  yx
A) B) y  C) D) y  x  E)
2 2

8) Evaluate lim sin x

x
A) -1 B)  C) oscillates between -1 and 1 D) 0 E) Does not exist