What's the Difference Between a

Megger & Hi-Pot Test?

By Tim Walsh

"Megger" and "hi-pot" tests are standard in the electrical industry for
determining the integrity for electrical conductors and components. "Megger"
is a generic term of a test that is performed with a megohmmeter and "hi-pot"
is an acronym of high potential used to identify a potential default of
insulators. Although both tests share similarities in how they are performed
there are distinct differences between "megger" and a "hi-pot" tests.
 A megger tests insulation resistance.

Dielectic Withstand Test

"Megger" and "hi-pot" tests both determine insulation resistance, the measure
of current leakage in a conductor. A "hi-pot" is used primarily to test the
capacity of voltage that insulation can withstand before failing. In a "dielectric
withstand test," voltage is applied to a conductor and current leakage is
measured over time to determine insulation integrity. The leakage is
compared to a limit based on the size of the component being tested. Voltage is
determined by using the formula "2 x U + 1,000 volts", with the letter U
representing the operating voltage of the conductor or component being
tested.

Dielectric Breakdown Test

A "hi-pot" tester also performs a dielectric breakdown test. In this test, voltage
is increased on a conductor or component until the insulation fails. This test is
performed primarily for sample or demonstration purposes at the point of
manufacture, as it often destroys the component being tested. A "megger"
cannot perform the dielectric withstand or breakdown test.
Differences in Voltage and Test Time

"Megger" and "hi-pot" insulation resistance tests differ in applied voltage and
in test duration. "Meggers" test low and medium voltage with a charge
between 600 to 2,000 volts over the span of a minute. "Hi-pot" testers apply a
much higher voltage in the range of 15,000 volts and above, to a maximum of
300 volts per mil of insulation. "Hi-pot" tests are performed over 15 minutes
with readings taken every minute.

Thumping

"Hi-pot" testers can also be used to detect faults in underground cable with a
process called "thumping," in which voltage is applied to create an arc over
the gap of the wire that is damaged. The sound of the arc jumping over the gap
in the damaged wire makes an audible sound, like a thump, which helps
identify the area where the damage is present.
SAVE
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