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This prevents one solitary body from being able to control every aspect
of governing over a population. It also means there are tiered laws and
systems that can be confusing for certain geographic regions when laws may
conflict. Take the marijuana legalization that has occurred in the US.
Recreational marijuana may be legal in some states, but it is illegal at the
national level.
Even though local law enforcement may not arrest someone because
the state laws say their actions are fine, national laws may dictate otherwise
and allow a national law enforcement officer to conduct an arrest anyway.
Here are some additional Federalism pros and cons to think about.
5. It encourages involvement.
Because governments are at a local level, people know friends, neighbors, or
family members who are active in creating policies, procedures, or laws. Most
elected positions, from school and hospital boards to the city council and
mayor, are local offices. Because there is such open access to the
government, it encourages involvement because serving is so easy to do.
4. It causes uncertainty.
Wildfires blaze throughout the Western United States every summer. Who is
responsible for taking care of this issue so that no one gets hurt? Or a
hurricane blasts the eastern seaboard and causes extensive damage,
flooding, and homelessness. Who is responsible for responding? Because the
government is tiered, no one is really sure who needs to respond or pay for
the response and this can create delays in service.