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Addition of Vectors
Vectors and scalars
• Trapezoid rule for vector addition
• Law of sines,
sin A sin B sin C
Q R A
B
• Vector subtraction
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
R 98 N 35
• Graphical solution - A triangle is drawn with P
and Q head-to-tail and to scale. The magnitude
and direction of the resultant or of the third side
of the triangle are measured,
R 98 N 35
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What if…?
At what value of would the tension in
rope 2 be a minimum?
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Equilibrium of a Particle
• When the resultant of all forces acting on a particle is zero, the particle is
in equilibrium.
• Newton’s First Law: If the resultant force on a particle is zero, the particle will
remain at rest or will continue at constant speed in a straight line.
Free-Body Diagrams
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Law of Sines:
T AB T 3500 lb
AC
sin 120 sin 2 sin 58
T AB 3570 lb
T AC 144 lb
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 - 13
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• The vector F is • Resolve F into • Resolve F h into
contained in the horizontal and vertical rectangular components
plane OBAC. components. Fx Fh cos
Fy F cos y F sin y cos
Fh F sin y Fy Fh sin
F sin y sin
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 - 15
• With the angles between F and the axes,
Fx F cos x Fy F cos y Fz F cos z
F Fx i Fy j Fz k
F cos x i cos y j cos z k
F
cos x i cos y j cos z k
• is a unit vector along the line of action of F
and cos x , cos
y , and cos z are the direction
cosines for F
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 - 16
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d vector joining M and N
d xi d y j d z k
d x x2 x1 d y y2 y1 d z z2 z1
F F
1
d xi d y j d z k
d
Fd x Fd y Fd z
Fx Fy Fz
d d d
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
AB 40m i 80m j 30m k
94.3 m
40 80 30
i j k
94.3 94.3 94.3
The tension in the guy wire is 2500 0.424 i 0.848 j 0.318k
N. Determine:
F F
a) components Fx, Fy, Fz of the force
acting on the bolt at A,
2500 N 0.424 i 0.848 j 0.318k
b) the angles x, y, z defining the 1060N i 2120 N j 795 N k
direction of the force (the
direction cosines)
© 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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x 115.1
y 32.0
z 71.5
What if…?
SOLUTION:
FBA • Since the force in the guy wire must be
the same throughout its length, the force
at B (and acting toward A) must be the
same magnitude but opposite in
FAB direction to the force at A.
FBA FAB
What are the components of the
force in the wire at point B? Can 1060N i 2120 N j 795 N k
you find it without doing any
calculations?
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