Compare and Contrast Process in Plants and

Animals: Chemical and Nervous Control 1

by CHED on October 27, 2017

lesson duration of 25 minutes

under General Biology 2

generated on October 27, 2017 at 10:30 am

Tags: Compare and Contrast Process in Plants and Animals: Chemical and Nervous Control
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Generated: Oct 27,2017 06:30 PM

Compare and Contrast Process in Plants and Animals: Chemical and Nervous
Control 1 ( 1 hour and 25 mins )

Written By: CHED on July 19, 2016

Subjects: General Biology 2

Tags: Compare and Contrast Process in Plants and Animals: Chemical and Nervous Control

Resources

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Content Standard

The learners demonstrate an understanding of:

1. Plant and Animal Organ Systems and their Functions

2. Feedback Mechanisms

Performance Standard

The learners shall be able to:

develop a presentation (e.g. role-playing, dramatization and other forms of multimedia) to show how an organism
maintains homeostasis through the interaction of the various organ systems in the body

Learning Competencies

Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals: reproduction, development, nutrition, gas
exchange, transport/circulation, regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous control, immune systems, and sensory
and motor mechanisms

Introduction 10 mins

Communicating Learning Objectives

1. Communicate learning objectives as follows:

I. Explain how animals respond to environmental stimuli

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II. Describe the mechanisms of chemical and nervous control in animals

III. Explain how plants respond to environmental stimuli

IV. Describe the mechanisms of chemical control in plants

2. Tell students that they will act as “resource persons” to talk about chemical and nervous control in animals. Explain
to them that they are going to watch a class simulated television show and they will become participants.

Teacher Tip: Choose volunteers beforehand and tell them their specific tasks: host (1-2 students), resource
speakers (3-5 students) and production crew (5 students). Tell them to prepare a script to be submitted to you
a day before the show. Include an interesting and catchy title for the show.

You may act like the producer of the show and discuss thoroughly with the volunteer students how a TV show
is created.

Motivation 10 mins

Video Clip

1. Show the students a short podcast: Fight or Flight Response: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=m2GywoS77qc

Television Show Proper

1. The host will introduce the show and the guests (resource speakers).

2. The guests will discuss in an educational and entertaining manner how animals respond to environmental stimulus.

3. The host should make the show as interactive as possible by letting the audience (students) interact with the
resource speakers.

4. The host/s will close the show.

To make the show more entertaining, tell the students not to make it too technical and engage the audience in the
discussion.

The TV show may be done in two meetings to cover the discussions on Chemical and Nervous Control.

Prizes may be given as incentives for those who will interact during the show.

Tell them to make a handout that will be distributed to the audience after the show.

Assign some students to take a video of the show which will be shown a day after to the class.

Instructons 60 mins

Lesson
Lesson Proper:
Proper: Compared
Compared to plants,
to plants, animals
animals havehave chemical
chemical andand nervous
nervous control
control thatthat enable
enable them
them to respond
to respond to to
environmental
environmental stimuli.
stimuli. Chemical
Chemical control
control is under
is under thethe regulation
regulation of the
of the endocrine
endocrine system
system andand includes
includes thethe various
various
hormones. Chemical
hormones. Chemical control
control is
is slow-acting
slow-acting but
but the
the effect
effect is
is long-term.
long-term. On
On the
the other
other hand,
hand, nervous
nervous control
control is
is under
under the
the
regulation of the nervous system with its system of neuronal mechanisms. Nervous control is fast-acting and the effect
is short-term, although frequent stimulation can be stored to produce a longer-lasting behavioral response.

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Nervous System.
System. The
The nervous
nervous system
system is
is the
the one
one responsible
responsible for
for coordinating
coordinating the
the functions
functions of
of the
the other
other body
body systems.
systems.
The discussion of the system may focus on the following outline:

1. Divisions of the nervous system

2. The neuron as the basic unit

3. Transmission across synapse

The
The nervous
nervous system
system gathers
gathers information,
information, processes
processes the
the information
information and
and elicits
elicits aa corresponding
corresponding response
response or or reaction
reaction to
to
the the stimulus.
stimulus. TheThe nervous
nervous systemsystem
hashas
twotwo
mainmain divisions:
divisions: the the central
central nervous
nervous system
system (CNS)(CNS) andand
the the peripheral
peripheral
nervoussystem
nervous system(PNS).
(PNS).The
TheCNS CNSisiscomposed
composedofofthethebrain
brainandandthe
thespinal
spinalcord.
cord.The Thebrain
brainisisthe
themain
maincontrol
controlcenter
center
whilethe
while thespinal
spinalcord
cordconnects
connectsthe thebrain
braintotoother
othernerves
nervesofofthe
thebody.
body.The
ThePNSPNSisiscomposed
composedofofnervesnervesthat
thatbranch
branchoutout
fromfrom
thethe brain
brain andand
thethe spinal
spinal cordcord to specific
to specific body
body parts
parts andand divided
divided further
further intointo somatic
somatic andand autonomic
autonomic nervous
nervous
system.
system. TheThe somatic
somatic nervous
nervous system
system controls
controls voluntary
voluntary body
body movements
movements while
while thethe autonomic
autonomic control
control involuntary
involuntary
actions. The diagram below shows the brief description of each division.

TeacherTip:
Teacher Tip:Choose
Choosevolunteers
volunteersbeforehand
beforehandandandtell
tellthem
themtheir
theirspecific
specifictasks:
tasks:host
host(1-2
(1-2students),
students),resource
resource
speakers (3-5 students) and production crew (5 students). Tell them to prepare a script to be submitted to you
a day before the show. Include an interesting and catchy title for the show.

You may act like the producer of the show and discuss thoroughly with the volunteer students how a TV show
is created.

This can be part of the television show.

To make the show more entertaining, tell the students not to make it too technical and engage the audience in
the discussion.

The TV show may be done in two meetings to cover the discussions on Chemical and Nervous Control.

Prizes may be given as incentives for those who will interact during the show.

Tell them to make a handout that will be distributed to the audience after the show.

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Assign some students to take a video of the show which will be shown a day after to the class.

TheThe basic
basic structural
structural andand functional
functional unitunit
of of
thethe nervous
nervous system
system is the
is the neuron.
neuron. Once
Once stimulated,
stimulated, a neuron
a neuron transmits
transmits
electrical signals
electrical signals called
called an
an action
action potential
potential oror an
an impulse
impulse across
across the
the system
system and and lets
lets aa body
body part
part respond
respond accordingly.
accordingly.
Although neurons differ in some respects, they contain four basic parts: dendrite, soma, axon and axon terminals. The
cell body ororsomasomacontains
containsthe
thenucleus
nucleusand andmost
mostorganelles.
organelles.TheTheaxon
axonis isa asingle
singleprojection
projectionfrom
fromthe
thesoma
somawhich
which
carries the impulse to the axon terminal. An impulse is a sudden change in the electric potential of the cell membrane.
The axon may maybebeenveloped
envelopedbybya a myelin sheath forfor faster
faster conduction
conduction of of impulse.
impulse. The
The dendrites
dendrites areare several
several
projectionswhich
projections whichextend
extendoutward
outwardfrom
fromthe
thecell
cellbody
bodyand
andreceive
receivechemical
chemicalsignals
signalsfrom
fromthetheaxon
axonterminals
terminalsofofanother
another
neuron. Electrical disturbances in the dendrites or axon will cause a new wave of impulse down the axon. The diagram
below shows a typical neuron with its parts and the direction of impulse transmission.

Neurons
Neurons connect
connect with
with oneone another
another through
through a junction
a junction called
called synapse.
synapse. The
The moment
moment anan action
action potential
potential reaches
reaches thethe
axon’s
axon’s terminal,
terminal, a series
a series of events
of events willwill
be be created
created leading
leading to the
to the stimulation
stimulation of the
of the next
next neuron.
neuron. Chemicals
Chemicals called
called
neurotransmitters
neurotransmitters areare released
released which
which facilitate
facilitate thethe transmission
transmission of of
anan impulse
impulse across
across a synapse.
a synapse. The
The figure
figure below
below
shows a synapse and synaptic transmission.

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Endocrine Gland System.

System. Chemical coordination of body functions is mediated by the endocrine system, composed
of ductless glands that release hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by a gland and affect a
specific target tissue or organ. The endocrine and the nervous system coordinate with each other through a series of
feedback mechanisms. A disorder results when a hormone is under- or over-secreted. The table below shows the
major endocrine glands, the hormones that they release and their specific functions.

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The diagram below shows a simple coordination between the nervous and the endocrine system.

Evaluation 5 mins

1. What are the divisions of the nervous system?

2. Draw the structure of a neuron.

3. What is a synapse?

4. Define a hormone.

5. Differentiate the functions of the endocrine and the nervous system.

Teacher Tip: You may select some items from this sites:

• http://footprints-science.co.uk/quizzes.php? difficulty=2&module=50§ion=1&type=Th
e_nervous_system&quiz=yes&animation=&su bjectarea=Biology%201

• http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/ 0072437316/student_view0/chapter47/ chapter_quiz.html

Download Teaching Guide Book 0 mins

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