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ANSI C136.20-2008
ANSI C136.20-2008
Secretariat
National Electrical Manufacturers Asso ciation
The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons
engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus
does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the
development of this document.
NEMA standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are
developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together
volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this
publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the
development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate,
or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained
in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or
other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory,
directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document.
NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or
completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the
information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not
undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or seller’s products or services by
virtue of this standard or guide.
In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or
other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed
by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own
independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the
exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic
covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for
additional views or information not covered by this publication.
NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this
document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health
purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safety–related information
in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker
of the statement.
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American Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the
requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have
National been met by the standards developer.
Standard Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards
Review, substantial agreement has been reached by direct and materially
affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple
majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and
objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their
resolution.
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will
in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard.
Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of
an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards
Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or
sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.
Published by
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ANSI C136.20-2008
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Contents
Table
Figures
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI C136.20-2008
1 Scope
This standard applies to fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) lighting poles used for roadway and area
lighting. This standard includes nomenclature, dimensional data, performance criteria, and some
interchangeability features for standard poles as well as those that must meet breakaway requirements
for poles as described in Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires,
and Traffic Signals, AASHTO LTS.
2 References
This standard incorporates by undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative
references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
AASHTO LTS, Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic
Signals
ANSI C136.3, American National Standard for Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment—Luminaire
Attachments
ANSI C136.13, American National Standard for Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment—Metal Brackets
of Wood Poles Used in Roadway Lighting
ANSI C136.21, American National Standard for Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment—Vertical Tenons
Used with Post Top-Mounted Luminaires
ASTM G154, Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic
Materials
This standard is intended to be used in conjunction with the following publications. The latest edition of
the publication applies (including amendments).
ASTM A153, Specifications for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware
ASTM D4923, Standard Specification for Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic (Composite) Poles
3 Definitions
anchor base: A feature attached to the bottom end of a pole designed to be mounted on an
accommodating platform.
anti-rotational device: A device attached to the pole below ground level to insure the pole does not twist
after installed and in service.
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arm: A structural member, approximately perpendicular to a pole, which supports a luminaire.
bolt circle: The diameter of a circle that will intersect the centerline of the anchor bolts that are spaced
equal distance to each other.
direct burial: A term used to refer to a pole designed to be supported by surrounding earth or other
material.
effective projected area (EPA): Maximum projected area of an object multiplied by a drag coefficient (C
d)
for the specific shape of the object.
fiber reinfor ced comp osite (FR C): A thermosetting resinous matrix with reinforcements of glass, carbon,
or other fiber reinforcements.
handhole: A covered opening in the pole, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the pole and
located above ground level, that provides access to internal wiring and splices.
luminaire: A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the parts designed to
distribute the light, to position and protect the lamp(s), and to connect the lamp(s) to the power supply.
luminaire mounting height: The vertical distance between ground level and the center of the attachment
point in a post top or arm-mounted luminaire.
shaft: The vertical portion of the pole before installing luminaire or attachment of fittings and cutting access
holes.
slip fitter: A cylindrical receptacle in the base of a luminaire that engages a pole top tenon, or the end of an
arm.
tenon: A metal sleeve, cylinder, or other device permanently secured to, or embedded in the top of the pole,
or the arm that inserts into the base (or slip fitter) of a luminaire.
wire entry hole: An opening in a pole, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the pole, located
below ground level, which provides passage of below ground service wiring into pole cavity.
4 General
In order that the pole manufacturer may ensure the necessary pole strength for a specific application, the
user should provide the following information:
a) Type of pole mounting – anchor base or direct embedment. If anchor base foundationexists, specify
bolt circle, bolt diameter, bolt projection and bolt pattern;
b) The mounting height;
c) Support arms, length, weight, effective projectedarea (EPA), attachment detail, diameter of tenon (1-
1/4in. or 2in. National Pipe Size (NPS)), and position on pole;
d) The weight and EPA of the luminaires (banners flags,, or other attachments that add to the EPA and
weight load on the pole);
e) Maximum steady wind velocity at location where pole will be installed. If velocity is unknown,see
AASHTO LTS.
f) Any additional loadthat may be applied to the pole;
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g) Applicable local or states codes, if different from national codes;
h) The number, size, and location of any access openings;
i) Tenon diameter and length for post-top installations;
j) The color and finish of the pole; and
k) Other custom features.
The pole manufacturer shall determine the length of the pole that will achieve the user’s required
mounting height above grade, unless the user specifies otherwise. The shaft length shall be provided with
a tolerance of ± 51 mm (± 2 in.).
5 Shafts
Pole shafts shall be a composite of thermosetting resin reinforced with glass or other fibers of such quantity
and orientation as to meet or exceed the performance requirements set forth in Section 10.
5.1.1
The resin shall be thermosetting resin containing UV inhibitor(s) and pigment throughout.
The exterior surface may be finished as specified but shall be free of any exposed surface fibers. The shaft
shall be covered with a minimum 1.5 mil dry film thickness (DFT) urethane coating, or equivalent, that resists
ultraviolet degradation as specified in Clause 9.1.
5.2.1
The shaft surface shall withstand normal conditions of handling, installation and transportation.
5.3.1
Poles can be provided with an anti-rotational feature when specified by the user.
5.3.2
Poles shall be designed for minimum embedment depths as shown in Table 1, unless specified by the user.
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5.4 Anchor ba se poles
5.4.1
Poles designed to be mechanically fastened to a foundation shall be provided with an anchor base plate.
The total system shall be capable of withstanding the combined forces described in Clause 9.2.1.
5.4.2
The anchor base plate shall have four radial slots, or, oversize round holes (if acceptable to user), to
accommodate anchor bolts on the bolt circle diameter.
These poles shall be provided with a removable cap to close the top of the shaft. The cap shall remain in
place when subjected to maximum wind loads for which the pole is designed.
6 Bolt circles
Bolt circles shall be based on the required loading, or as specified by the user.
The physical requirements shall conform to ANSI C136.13, ANSI C136.21, or as otherwise specified by
the user.
8.1 Wiring
8.1.1
8.1.2
The pole shaft shall have internal clearance, or a raceway free of obstruction and sharp edges, of not less
than 38.1 mm (1.5 in.) in diameter for the entire length. The design shall permit installation of supply
conductors without damage.
8.2.1
The edges of wire entrance holes and hand holes shall be smooth and free from burrs.
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8.2.2
For embedded poles, a wire entrance hole with a minimum diameter of 35 mm (1.375 in.) shall be located
610 mm (24 in.) below the ground line in line with the hand hole, or as specified by the user.
8.2.3
When specified by the user, poles shall have a covered hand hole of adequate size to provide access to
wiring, and not reduce the strength of the poles to levels below design loads calculated per Clause
10.2.1. Hand holes shall be a minimum of 63.50 mm (2.5 in.) x 101.6 mm (4 in.), unless otherwise
specified by the user.
8.2.4
The vertical location of hand holes shall be centered 457.20 mm (18 in.) above the ground line, unless
otherwise specified by the user.
8.2.5
8.2.6
The surface dimensions of covers for the hand holes shall exceed the dimensions of the hand holes by a
minimum of 6 mm (0.25 in.), or be of sufficient design to prevent the entry of foreign objects larger than
1.0 mm (0.04 in.).
8.2.7
The hand hole cover shall be secured with sufficient rigidity to tightly lock the hand hole cover onto the
pole.
9 Identification
Poles shall be provided with a stainless steel or aluminum identification tag. The tag shall be located
within 304 mm (11.97 in.) of the tip (top) of the shaft, unless otherwise specified by the user. Minimum
information, unless otherwise specified by the user, shall be:
a) Manufacturer’s name;
b) Manufacturer’s catalog number; and
c) Date of manufacture, month, and year.
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10 Performance
10.1 General
The surface of the pole shall resist degradation from the environment in which the pole is installed. The
pole shall be tested per ASTM G154 for a minimum of 2500 hours and meet conditions as mutually
agreed upon with user.
10.2 Physic al
10.2.1
The pole, with specified luminaire, arms, and other attachments installed, shall have a minimum bending
strength of at least 2 times the maximum bending moment induced by maximum windage conditions as
calculated per AASHTO LTS. When a hand hole is specified, the pole shall attain this load with the hand
hole in compression and the cover removed.
10.2.2
The pole shall not exceed a maximum deflection of 10 percent of the length of the pole above the grade
line when subjected to the maximum loading as calculated in Clause 10.2.1, and as tested in accordance
with test methods listed in Section 12.
10.2.2.1
Poles designed to support luminaires on arms should have a maximum static deflection (due to weight of
arm and luminaire only) of 1% of the pole height above ground line. The maximum slope deviation of the
deflection curve shall not exceed 8.89 mm (0.35 in.) as well.
10.2.2.2
Poles shall not have visible cracks once installed and loaded per requirements in Clause 10.2.
10.2.3
The pole shall have no more than 1 % permanent deflection for the loading value as calculated in Clause
o o o o
10.2.1. This loading shall be applied for 5 minutes at 25 C (77 F) ± 1.5 C (4 F), with measurement
being taken 5 minutes after unloading.
10.2.4
The methods of calculating the forces and bending moment acting on the pole systems shall be as
described in AASHTO LTS.
Breakaway supports, when specified by the user, shall be designed to carry loads as provided in Section
10.2.1. Dynamic performance under automobile impact shall also be considered. Breakaway approval
from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) can be accomplished through approved testing by an
independent testing facility approved by the FHWA. The results shall meet or exceed the requirements
described in AASHTO LTS.
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12 Pole deflection me asureme nts
12.1 General
The test set-up is illustrated in Figure 1c. There are three methods of measuring deflection on a loaded
pole. These are illustrated on Figure 1a and 1b. All three methods can be used simultaneously to allow
comparison of independent sets of data.
12.2 Metho d I
As shown in Figure 1a, a cord shall be taped to the base of the pole-at the ground line and the butt only.
In themoves
base no-loadand
state,
the the
cordcord is be
shall lined up straight
moved—at thewith
topthe centerline
of the pole—to ofkeep
the pole. As thewith
it straight pole is base
the loaded, the
portion. True deflection of the pole shall be directly measured from the cord to the pole at the load point.
This method automatically compensates for base movement.
12.3 Metho d II
This method uses fixed reference points for measuring movement of the pole as the pole is loaded. As
shown in Figure 1b, the points, physically, are three posts arranged vertically on the floor adjacent to the
pole. They should not be connected to any load-bearing member of the test fixture. Their lateral distance
from the pole is of no importance, but they should not be moved during any one test, because their
position relative to the length of the pole is important.
The three posts shall be located, as follows:
a) Butt
b) Ground line—varies with length of the pole
c) Load point—usually 305 mm (12 in.) from the top of the pole
Measurements are made from these posts to the centerline of the pole at each load level. There is
movement of the pole base (ground line to butt) during loading. This movement shall be taken into
account when determining the load/deflection characteristics of the pole.
Merely subtracting the initial from the final measurement at post 3 (load point) gives a so-called
“apparent” deflection—with no allowance for the movement of the base of the pole. This apparent
deflection is too high a value and would not be the same on any two identical poles.
The true deflection can be determined by taking a ratio of the base movement (ground line positive
movement added to the butt movement in the negative direction) over the full length of the pole, and
subtracting this from the apparent deflection.
A cord shall be pulled over the centerline of the entire pole when pole is unloaded. As pole is loaded, any
movement at the groundline or butt should be recorded and deflections corrected to reflect the
movement. The cord should not touch the pole at any time in order for movement readings to be
accurately recorded. Pole deflections should be measured from the cord to pole centerline.
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