FREE SPAN ANALYSIS

Cond input with "Static", "Installation", "Hydrotest", or Operation

Cond  "Operation"

DATA
PIPELINE PARAMETER

Outer diameter Ds  0.168m  6.614in

Wall thickness ts  12.7mm  0.5in
Internal Diameter ID  Ds  2 ts  5.614in seharusnya ada
Corrosion coating thickness tcorr  3.175mm  0.125in corrosion
allowance
3 3
Corrosion coat density ρcorr  950kg m  59.307lb ft
3
Concrete coat. density ρcc  190lb ft

3
Seawater density ρsw  64lb ft

Content density

3
ρcont  1025kg m if Cond = "Hydrotest"
kg
77.5 if Cond = "Operation"
3
m
kg
0 otherwise
3
m

Concrete coating tcc  0in

7
Modulus elasticity E  3  10 psi
3
Steel density ρs  490lb ft

Design temperature Td  93.33C

Design pressure Po   1970psi if Cond = "Operation" 

 ( 2955psi) if Cond = "Hydrotest"
 
 0psi otherwise 
 3
Po  1.97  10  psi

5 1
α  1.17 10
Thermal coefficient C
Structural damping δ  0.126
Seabed temperature Tsw  25C
Poisson ratio υ  0.3

ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER

Significant wave height Hs  4.5m if Cond = "Operation" should be in meter

(E)
1.86m otherwise

Peak period Tp  10.21s if Cond = "Operation"

6.45s otherwise

6 2 1
Kinematic viscosity of seawater ν  1.05 10 m s

Water depth d  56.77m Zr  1m

Tp
Ts  Ts  9.724 s
1.05

m
Current 1 m above seabed Uc  0.74 if Cond = "Operation"
s
m
0.43 otherwise
s

Maximum individual height H  0.84m if Cond = "Operation"

0.34m otherwise

SOIL PARAMETER
Soft Clay
Undrained Shear Strength Su  19.09kPa

CALCULATION
SUBMERGED WEIGHT CALCULATION
this section calculate provided weight by pipeline section
Outside diameter Dtot  Ds  2  tcorr  2  tcc Dtot  0.174 m

EI  E 
4
  Ds  ID
π 4 6 2
Elastic modulus EI  3.89  10  N m
 64  
π  4
 D  ID 
4 5 4
Inertia I  I  1.88  10 m
64  s 
Weight of Pipe

Wst    Ds  ID   ρs
π 2 2 kg
Steel weight Wst  48.634
4   m

Corrosion coating weight Wcorr    Ds  2  tcorr  Ds   ρcorr

kg
 
π 2 2
Wcorr  1.622
4   m

Wcc   Dtot  Ds  2  tcorr   ρcc

kg
 
π 2 2
Concrete coating weight Wcc  0
4   m

π 2 kg
Content Weight Wcont   ID  ρcont Wcont  1.238
4 m

Added mass / displaced π 2

Wadd   Dtot  ρsw kg
water 4 Wadd  24.476
m

Total effective weight Weff  Wst  Wcorr  Wcc  Wadd if Cond = "Installation"

Wst  Wcorr  Wcc  Wcont  Wadd otherwise

kg
Weff  75.97
m

External pressure Pe  ρsw g  d 5

Pe  5.707  10 Pa
Pressure difference ΔP  Po  Pe 7
ΔP  1.301  10 Pa

Ds 4
SMYS  Po   1.303  10 psi
2ts

WAVE INDUCED VELOCITY CALCULATION

Angle between wave direction and pipeline direction

ϕwave  90deg
 2
g  Tp
Initial guess L  L  162.702 m
2 π

d 1
Wave length λ( L d )  Tp  g  d if  shallow approximation
L 25
2
g  Tp d 1
if  deep approximation
2π L 2
2
g  Tp
 tanh
2  π d 
 otherwise intermediate depth aproximation
2π  L 

Given λ( L d ) = L
L( d )  Find( L)

Horizontal water particle velocity

2 π 1
k ( d )  k ( d )  0.039
L( d ) m

Phase angle range i  0  90 θ  i deg

i

 Hs g d 1 
u ( d θ)    if    cos( θ) shallow approximation
2 d L( d ) 25
 
 π Hs k( d)   Dtot d d 1 
 Tp
e if   deep approximation
L( d ) 2
 
 Hs g  Tp cosh k ( d )  Dtot 
   otherwise  intermediate depth aproximation
 2 L( d ) cosh( k ( d )  d ) 
m
u w  max( u ( d θ) ) u w  0.297
s

Reduction factor due to wave directionality Rwave  sin( ϕwave ) Rwave  1

Significant wave velocity perpendicular Uw( d θ)  u w Rwave

to pipe
m
Uw( d θ)  0.297
s
Horizontal wave particle acceleration

 Hs π g d 1 
Aw( d θ)    if    sin( θ) shallow approximation
 T p d L ( d ) 25 
 
π  k( d)   Dtot d
2
  d 1
 2Hs  T   e if
L( d )

2
deep approximation
  p

 g  π cosh k ( d )  Dtot 
 Hs  otherwise  intermediate depth aproximation
 L( d ) cosh( k ( d )  d ) 

m

Aw  max Aw( d θ)  Aw  0.183
2
s
Significant wave acceleration perpendicular to pipe Aw( d θ)  Aw Rwave
m
Aw( d θ)  0.183
2
s

DINAMIC FREE SPAN ANALISYS

2  Weff  δ
Stability Number Ks  Ks  0.614
2
ρsw Dtot

Weff can be changed depend on operation/installation condition, full/empty + added mass

Reduced velocity Vr  2.1 from Graphic A.3 DnV 1981

con1  "In-line Oscillation"

Note:

con2  "Cross-flow Oscillation"

Type of oscillation Otype  con1 if 1  Vr  3.5  Ks  1.8

con2 otherwise

Otype  "In-line Oscillation"

Uc Dtot 5
Re  Re  1.229  10
ν
 Strouhal Number St  0.19 from Graphic A.2 DNV 81

untuk kondisi Vortex shedding frequency fs 

t 
S  Uw( d θ)  Uc  fs  1.131
1
dinamik nilai Dtot s
koefisiennya
berbeda, periksa Vr
8 E I
lagi. Critical pipespan Lcr    Dtot
2 π Weff  Wadd Uw( d θ)  Uc

ini dynamic in line, Lcr  11.113 m

cantumkan juga
perhitungan untuk
dynamic cross-
2.4 Free Span - Static
flow, untuk periksa
siapa tau nilai Yield requirement
bentangnya lebih
kritis
 i  0  100 L  i m
i  W  L2 0.5 D  g    P  P   D 
 st s o e s
Longitudinal stress σx ( L)     
 10 I   4  ts
 
5
4 10
5
3 10
σx( L)
5
2 10
psi
5
1 10

0
0 100 200 300 400
L
ft

Limiting longitudinal pressure σxa( L)  ( 0.72 SMYS ) if Cond = "Installation"

( 0.9 SMYS ) otherwise
4
σxa( L)  1.173  10  psi

Lcrit( L)  L  1m
while σx ( L  1m)  σxa( L)

Lcrit  L  1m
L  L  1m
Lcrit

Lcrit( L)  13 m
7
Longitudinal stress σx ( Lcrit( L) )  7.904  10 Pa

Hoop stress σh 
Po  Pe Ds σh  8.606  10 Pa
7
2  ts

2 2 4
σe  σx ( Lcrit( L) )  σh σe  1.695  10  psi

Von mises
σe  0.72 SMYS

3
0.72 SMYS  9.382  10  psi
 SUMMARY
Critical pipespan - due to dynamic loading Lcr  11.113 m

Critical pipespan - due to static loading Lcrit( L)  13 m

KETERANGAN

Input program dapat diubah sesuai kondisi, yaitu saat Installation, Hydrotest dan Operation

Asumsi yang digunakan :

Concrete coat density
Seawater Density
Modulus Elasticity
Steel Density
Thermal Coefficient
Structural damping
Poisson ratio
Kinematic Viscosity of Seawater

Massa jenis content berubah sesuai kondisi. Saat Hydrotest massa jenis yang digunakan
adalah air laut, sedangkan Operation dan Installation massa jenis yang dipakai adalah gas

Tekanan pipa berubah sesuai kondisi masing-masing (Operation, Hydrotest dan Installation)
Pada saat Operation digunakan data gelombang 100 tahunan, sedangkan pada Hydromax dan
Installation digunakan data gelombang 1 tahunan

Pada data parameter, pipa tidak dilengkapi oleh selimut beton

Pada saat Installation, pipa belum terisi oleh content
Arus dan gelombang yang bekerja tegak lurus (90deg) dengan pipa
Perhitungan panjang gelombang dibuat terpisah, sesuai kondisi laut dangkal,intermediete dan
dalam.Setelah itu, akan dicari kecepatan signifikan partikel air yang melewati pipa
Dicari nilai Ks dan Vr untuk menentukan jenis osilasi yang terjadi pada pipa
Dilakukan limiting untuk mendapatkan hasil Longitudinal Pressure yang diperbolehkan untuk
mendapatkan L critical
n