1987, 1973, 1935 Philippines Constitution Compared - Comparison Matrix

7/22/2019 1987, 1973, 1935 Philippines Constitution Compared/ Comparison Matrix
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1987, 1973, 1935 PHILIPPINES CONSTITUTION

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1987 CONSTITUTION 1973 CONSTITUTION 1935 CONSTITUTION
Supreme Court Cases
Preamble Preamble Preamble

LEGAL E-CONSULTATION
PrivateWe, the sovereign
Consultation Filipino people, We, the sovereign Filipino people, The Filipino people, imploring thee aid of
imploring the aid of Almighty God, in imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in Divine Providence, in order to establish a
order to build a just and humane society order to establish a government that shall government that shall embody their
and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals, promote the general ideals, conserve and develop the
embody our ideals and aspirations, welfare, conserve and develop the patrimony of the nation, promote the
promote the common good, conserve patrimony of our Nation, and secure to general welfare, and secure to themselves
and develop our patrimony, and secure ourselves and our posterity the blessings and their posterity the blessings of
to ourselves and our posterity the of democracy under a regime of justice, independence under a regime of justice,
blessings of independence and peace, liberty, and equality, do ordain liberty, and democracy, do ordain and
democracy under the rule of law and a and promulgate this Constitution. promulgate this Constitution.
regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and
promulgate this Constitution.
ARTICLE I ARTICLE I ARTICLE I
The National Territory The National Territory The National Territory

Section 1. The national territory Section 1. The Philippines comprises all
The national territory comprises the
comprises the Philippine archipelago, the territory ceded to the United States by
Philippine archipelago, with all the
with all the islands and waters embraced the Treaty of Paris concluded between
islands and waters embraced therein,
therein, and all the other territories the United States and Spain on the tenth
and all other territories over which the
belonging to the Philippines by historic or day of December, eighteen hundred and
Philippines has sovereignty or
legal title, including the territorial sea, ninety-eight, the limits which are set forth
jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial,
the air space, the subsoil, the sea-bed, in Article III of said treaty, together with
fluvial, and aerial domains, including its
the insular shelves, and the submarine all the islands embraced in the treaty
territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil,
areas over which the Philippines has concluded at Washington between the
the insular shelves, and other submarine
sovereignty or jurisdiction. The waters United States and Spain on the seventh
areas. The waters around, between, and
around, between, and connecting the day of November, nineteen hundred, and
connecting the islands of the archipelago,
islands of the archipelago, irrespective of the treaty concluded between the United
regardless of their breadth and
their breadth and dimensions, form part States and Great Britain on the second
dimensions, form part of the internal
of the internal waters of the Philippines. day of January, nineteen hundred and
waters of the Philippines.
thirty, and all territory over which the
present Government of the Philippine
Islands exercises jurisdiction.
ARTICLE II ARTICLE II ARTICLE II

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Declaration of Principles and State 1987, 1973,
7/22/2019 Declaration of Principles
1935 Philippines and State
Constitution Declaration
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Policies Policies
Section 1.
Section 1.
Principles The Philippines, is a republican state.
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The Philippines is a republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all

Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from
SEC. 1.
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The Philippines is a democratic and them.

republican State. Sovereignty resides in
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Section 2.
Archive and all government authority
Section 2.
emanates from them. The defense of the State is a prime duty of
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The defense of the State is the prime duty government, and in the fulfillment of this
SEC. 2. of government, and in the fulfillment of duty all citizens may be required by law
FREE The
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Philippines renounces war as an this duty all citizens may be required by to render personal military or civil
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instrument of national policy, adopts the law to render personal military or civil service.
generally accepted principles of
JURISPRUDENCE service.

international
Supreme Court Caseslaw as part of the law of the

land and adheres to the policy of peace, Section 3.
equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, Section 3.
Private Consultation The Philippines renounces war as an
and amity with all nations. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, and adopts
instrument of national policy, adopts the the generally accepted principles of
SEC. 3. generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the
Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme international law as part of the law of the Nation.
over the military. The Armed Forces of the land, and adheres to the policy of peace,

Philippines is the protector of the people equality, justice, freedom, cooperation,
and the State. Its goal is to secure the and amity with all nations. Section 4.
sovereignty of the State and the integrity The natural right and duty of parents in

of the national territory. the rearing of the youth for civic e iciency
Section 4.
should receive the aid and support of the
SEC. 4. The State shall strengthen the family as a government.
The prime duty of the Government is to basic social institution. The natural right
Section 5. The promotion of social justice
serve and protect the people. The and duty of parents in the rearing of the
to insure the well-being and economic
Government may call upon the people to youth for civic e iciency and the
security of all the people should be the
defend the State and, in the fulfillment development of moral character shall
concern of the State.
thereof, all citizens may be required, receive the aid and support of the
under conditions provided by law, to government.
render personal military or civil service.

SEC. 5.
The maintenance of peace and order, the
Section 5.
protection of life, liberty, and property,
and the promotion of the general welfare The State recognizes the vital role of the
are essential for the enjoyment by all the youth in nation-building and shall
people of the blessings of democracy. promote their physical, intellectual and
social well-being.
SEC. 6.
The separation of Church and State shall
Section 6.
be inviolable.
The State shall promote social justice to

ensure the dignity, welfare, and security
State Policies of all the people. Towards this end, the
State shall regulate the acquisition,
ownership, use, enjoyment, and
SEC. 7.
7/22/2019 disposition
1987, 1973, 1935ofPhilippines
private property, and
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The State shall pursue an independent equitably di use property ownership and
foreign policy. In its relations with other profits.
states the paramount consideration shall

be national sovereignty, territorial
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integrity,
Comprehensive national interest, and the right Section 7.
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to self-determination. The State shall establish, maintain, and

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ensure adequate social services in the ☰
SEC. 8. field of education, health, housing,
The Philippines, consistent with the
THE BAR employment, welfare, and social security
Annualnational
Exam Archive interest,
adopts and pursues a to guarantee the enjoyment of the people
policy of freedom from nuclear weapons of a decent standard of living.
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FREE SEC.
LEGAL9.
ADVICE Section 8.
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The State shall promote a just and Civilian authority is at all times supreme
dynamic social order that will ensure the over the military.
JURISPRUDENCE
prosperity
Supreme Court Cases and independence of the

nation and free the people from poverty
Privatethrough
Consultationpolicies that provide adequate Section 9.
social services, promote full
The State shall a ord protection to labor,
employment, a rising standard of living,
promote full employment and equality in
and an improved quality of life for all.
employment, ensure equal work
opportunities regardless of sex, race, or
creed, and regulate the relation between
SEC. 10. workers and employers. The State shall
The State shall promote social justice in assure the rights of workers to self-
all phases of national development. organization, collective bargaining,
security of tenure, and just and humane
SEC. 11. conditions of work. The State may
The State values the dignity of every provide for compulsory arbitration.
human person and guarantees full

respect for human rights.
Section 10.
SEC. 12. The State shall guarantee and promote
The State recognizes the sanctity of the autonomy of local government units,
family life and shall protect and especially the barrio, to ensure their
strengthen the family as a basic fullest development as self-reliant
autonomous social institution. It shall communities.
equally protect the life of the mother and
the life of the unborn from conception.
The natural and primary right and duty of
parents in the rearing of the youth for
civic e iciency and the development of
moral character shall receive the support
of the Government.
SEC. 13.
The State recognizes the vital role of the
youth in nation-building and shall
promote and protect their physical,
moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social
well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth
patriotism and nationalism, and
encourage their involvement in public 1987, 1973, 1935 Philippines Constitution Compared/ Comparison Matrix
7/22/2019
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and civic a airs.
SEC. 14.
The State recognizes the role of women in
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nation-building,
Comprehensive Legal Library and shall ensure the
fundamental equality before the law of
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women(/) and men.
☰
SEC. 15.
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AnnualThe State
Exam Archive shall protect and promote the
right to health of the people and instill
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ADVICE
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The State shall protect and advance the
right of the people to a balanced and
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healthful
Supreme Court Cases ecology in accord with the
rhythm and harmony of nature.
Private Consultation
SEC. 17.
The State shall give priority to education,
science and technology, arts, culture, and
sports to foster patriotism and
nationalism, accelerate social progress,
and promote total human liberation and
development.
SEC. 18.
The State a irms labor as a primary
social economic force. It shall protect the
rights of workers and promote their
welfare.
SEC. 19.
The State shall develop a self-reliant and
independent national economy
e ectively controlled by Filipinos.
SEC. 20.
The State recognizes the indispensable
role of the private sector, encourages
private enterprise, and provides
incentives to needed investments.
SEC. 21.
The State shall promote comprehensive
rural development and agrarian reform.
SEC. 22.
The State recognizes and promotes the
rights of indigenous cultural communities
within the framework of national unity
and development.
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SEC. 23.
The State shall encourage non-
governmental, community- based, or
sectoral organizations that promote the
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welfare
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SEC. (/)
24.
☰
The State recognizes the vital role of
communication and information in
THE BAR
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Exam Archive
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SEC.
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Forms
The State shall ensure the autonomy of

FREE local
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ADVICE
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SEC. 26.
JURISPRUDENCE
The
Supreme State
Court shall guarantee equal access to
Cases
opportunities for public service, and

Privateprohibit
Consultationpolitical dynasties as may be
defined by law.
SEC. 27.
The State shall maintain honesty and
integrity in the public service and take
positive and e ective measures against
gra and corruption.
SEC. 28.
Subject to reasonable conditions
prescribed by law, the State adopts and
implements a policy of full public
disclosure of all its transactions involving
public interest.
ARTICLE VI ARTICLE VIII ARTICLE VI

Legislative Department
The National Assembly Legislative Department
SEC 1.
Section 1. Section 1.
The legislative power shall be vested in
the Congress of the Philippines which The Legislative power shall be vested in a The Legislative power shall be vested in a
shall consist of a Senate and a House of National Assembly. Congress of the Philippines, which shall
Representatives, except to the extent consist of a Senate and a House of

reserved to the people by the provision Representatives.
Section 2.
on initiative and referendum.
The National Assembly shall be
Section 2.
SEC. 2. composed of as many Members as may
The Senate shall be composed of twenty- be provided by law to be appointed The Senate shall be composed of twenty-
four Senators who shall be elected at among the provinces, representative four Senators who shall be chosen at
large by the qualified voters of the districts, and cities in accordance with large by the qualified electors of the
Philippines, as may be provided by law. the number of their respective Philippines, as may be provided by law.
inhabitants and on the basis of a uniform

SEC. 3. and progressive ratio. Each district shall
Section 3.
No person shall be a Senator unless he is1987,
7/22/2019 comprise, as far
1973, 1935 as practicable,
Philippines The
Constitution Compared/ term of oMatrix
Comparison ice of Senators shall be six
(/)
a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, contiguous, compact, and adjacent years and shall begin on the thirtieth day
and, on the day of the election, is at least territory. Representative districts or of December next following their election.
thirty-five years of age, able to read and provinces already created or existing at The first Senators elected under this
write, a registered voter, and a resident of the time of the ratification of this Constitution shall, in the manner
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the Philippines
Comprehensive Legal Library for not less than two years Constitution shall have at least one provided by law, be divided equally into
immediately preceding the day of the Member each. three groups, the Senators of the first
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election.
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group, to serve for a term of six years; ☰
those of the second group, for four years;
SEC. 4.
THE BAR
Section 3. and those of the third group, for two
AnnualThe term
Exam Archive of o ice of the Senators shall be (1) The Members of the National years.
six years and shall commence, unless Assembly shall be elected by the
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the thirtieth day of June next following Section 4.
districts for a term of six years which shall
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ADVICE No Senator shall serve for
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begin, unless otherwise provided by law, No person shall be a Senator unless he be
more than two consecutive terms. at noon on the thirtieth day of June next a natural born citizen of the Philippines
Voluntary renunciation of the o
JURISPRUDENCE ice for following their election. and, at the time of his election, is at least
any
Supreme length
Court of time shall not be
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thirty-five years of age, a qualified elector,

considered as an interruption in the and a resident of the Philippines for not
Privatecontinuityof his service for the full term (2) In case the National Assembly is
Consultation less than two years immediately prior to
for which he was elected. dissolved, the newly elected Members his election.
shall serve the unexpired portion of the

SEC. 5. term from the time the Prime Minister
(1) The House of Representatives shall be convenes the Assembly, which shall not Section 5.
composed of not more than two hundred be later than thirty days immediately The House of Representatives shall be
and fi y members, unless otherwise fixed following the elections. composed of not more than one hundred
by law, who shall be elected from and twenty Members who shall be
legislative districts apportioned among apportioned among the several provinces
Section 4.
the provinces, cities, and the as nearly as may be accorded to the
Metropolitan Manila area in accordance No person shall be a Member of the number of their respective inhabitants,
with the number of their respective National Assembly unless he is a natural- but each province shall have at least one
inhabitants, and on the basis of a uniform born citizen of the Philippines and, on the Member. The Congress shall by law make
and progressive ratio, and those who, as day of the election, is at least twenty-five an apportionment within three years a er
provided by law, shall be elected through years of age, able to read and write, a the return of every enumeration, and not
a party-list system of registered national, registered voter in the district in which he otherwise. Until such apportionment
regional, and sectoral parties or shall be elected, and a resident thereon shall have been made, the House of
organizations. for a period of not less than one year Representatives shall have the same
immediately preceding the day of the number of Members as that fixed by law
election. for the National Assembly, who shall be
(2) The party-list representatives shall
constitute twenty per centum of the total elected by the qualified electors from the
number of representatives including present Assembly districts. Each
Section 5.
those under the party list. For three representative district shall comprise, as
consecutive terms a er the ratification of (1) Unless otherwise provided by law, the far as practicable, contiguous and
this Constitution, one-half of the seats regular election of Members of the compact territory.
allocated to party-list representatives National Assembly shall be held on the

shall be filled, as provided by law, by second Monday of May every six years
therea er. Section 6.
selection or election from the labor,
peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural The term of o ice of the Members of the
communities, women, youth, and such House of Representatives shall be four
(2) In case a vacancy arises in the
other sectors as may be provided by law, years and shall begin on the thirtieth day
National Assembly one year or more
except the religious sector. of December next following their election.
before a regular election, the Commission
on Elections shall call a special election
(3) Each legislative district shall comprise, to be held within sixty days a er the
Section 7.
as far as practicable, contiguous, vacancy occurs.
compact, and adjacent territory. Each city
7/22/2019 1973, 1935 Philippines Constitution Compared/
1987, NoComparison
person shall be a Member of the
Matrix
(/)
with a population of at least two hundred House of Representatives unless he be a
Section 6.
fi y thousand, or each province, shall natural born citizen of the Philippines,
have at least one representative. The National Assembly shall convene and, at the time of his election, is at least
once every year on the fourth Monday of twenty-five years of age, a qualified
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July for its regular session, unless a elector, and a resident of the province in
(4) Within three years following the return
di erent date is fixed by law, and shall which he is chosen for not less than one
of every census, the Congress shall make
LAW FIRM (/) continue to be in session until thirty days year immediately prior to his election.
a reappointment
Excellence is our Standard of legislative districts ☰
before the opening of its next regular
based on theLIVE!
standards provided inWednesday
this and Friday at 6pm.
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session, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays,
section.
Annual Exam Archive and legal holidays. It may recess for Section 8.
periods not exceeding thirty days each,
SEC. 6.
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(1) Elections for Senators and Members of
and not more than ninety days during the
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No person shall be a Member of the the House of Representatives shall be
year. However, it may be called to session
House of Representatives unless he is a held in the manner and on the dates fixed
FREE LEGAL ADVICE at any time by the Prime Minister to
natural-born
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consider such subjects or legislation as
and, on the day of the election, is at least
JURISPRUDENCE
he may designate.
twenty-five years of age, able to read and
Supreme Court Cases
(2) In case of vacancy in the Senate or in
write, and, except the party-list
the House of Representatives, a special
LEGALrepresentatives,
E-CONSULTATION a registered voter in the Section 7.
election may be called to fill such vacancy
district in which he shall be elected, and a
(1) The National Assembly, shall, by a in the manner prescribed by law, but the
resident thereof for a period of not less
majority vote of all its Members, elect its Senator or Member of the House of
than one year immediately preceding the
Speaker from the Members thereof. It Representatives thus elected shall serve
day of the election.
shall choose such other o icers as it may only for the unexpired term.
deem necessary.

The election of the President and the
SEC. 7. Section 9.
Prime Minister shall precede all other
The Members of the House of The Congress shall convene in regular
business following the election of the
Representatives shall be elected for a session once every year on the fourth
Speaker.
term of three years which shall begin, Monday of January, unless a di erent
unless otherwise provided by law, at
date is fixed by law. It may be called in
noon on the thirtieth day of June next (2) A majority of the National Assembly special session at any time by the
following their election. shall constitute a quorum to do business, President to consider general legislation
No member of the House of but a smaller number may adjourn from or only such subjects as he may
Representatives shall serve for more than day to day and may compel the designate. No special session shall
three consecutive terms. Voluntary attendance of absent Members in such continue longer than thirty days and no
renunciation of the o ice for any length manner, and under such penalties, as the regular session longer than one hundred
of time shall not be considered as an National Assembly may provide. days, exclusive of Sundays.
interruption in the continuity of his

service for the full term for which he was
elected. (3) The National Assembly may
determine the rules of its proceedings,
Section 10.
SEC. 8. punish its Members for disorderly
Unless otherwise provided by law, the behavior, and with concurrence of two- (1) The Senate shall elect its President
regular election of the Senators and the thirds of all its Members, suspend or and the House of Representatives its
Members of the House of Representatives expel a Member, but if the penalty is Speaker.
shall be held on the second Monday of suspension, this shall not exceed sixty Each House shall choose such other
May. days. o icers as may be required.

SEC. 9.
In case of vacancy in the Senate or in the (4) The National Assembly shall keep a (2) A majority of each House shall
House of Representatives, a special Journal of its proceedings, and from time constitute a quorum to do business, but a
election may be called to fill such to time publish the same, excepting such smaller number may adjourn from day to
vacancy in the manner prescribed by law, parts as may, in its judgment, a ect day and may compel the attendance of
but the Senator or Member of the House national security; and the yeas and nays
of Representatives thus elected shall
7/22/2019 on 1973,
1987, any question shall, at
1935 Philippines the request
Constitution of absent
Compared/ Members
Comparison in such manner and
Matrix
(/)
serve only for the unexpired term. one-fi h of the Members present, be under such penalties as such House may
entered in the Journal. provide.
SEC. 10.

The salaries of Senators and Members of
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the House of Representatives shall be Section 8. (3) Each House may determine the rule of
determined by law. No increase in said (1) Unless otherwise provided by law, its proceedings, punish its Members for
LAW FIRM disorderly behavior, and, with the
compensation
(/) shall take e
ect until a er each Member of the National Assembly ☰
the expiration of the full term of all the shall receive an annual salary of sixty concurrence of two-thirds of all its
THE BARMembers of the Senate and the House of thousand pesos. The Speaker of the Members, expel a Member.
AnnualRepresentatives
Exam Archive approving such increase. National Assembly shall receive an
annual salary of seventy-five thousand
FORMS (4) Each House shall keep a Journal of its
SEC.
Free Legal 11.
Forms pesos. No increase in salary shall take
proceedings, and from time to time
A Senator or Member of the House of e ect until a er the expiration of the
FREE Representatives
LEGAL ADVICE publish the same, excepting such parts as
shall, in all o
enses term of the Members of the National
BATASnatin Forum may in its judgment requires secrecy; and
punishable by not more than six years Assembly approving such increase.
the yeas and nays on any question shall,
imprisonment, be privileged from arrest
JURISPRUDENCE
at the request of one-fi h of the Members
while
Supreme the
Court Cases Congress is in session. No
present, be entered into the Journal.
member shall be questioned nor be held (2) The records and books of accounts of
Privateliable in any other place for any speech or the National Assembly shall be open to
Consultation
debate in the Congress or in any the public in accordance with law, and
(5) Neither House during the sessions of
committee thereof. such books shall be audited by the
the Congress shall, without the consent
Commission on Audit which shall publish
of the other, adjourn for more than three
SEC. 12. annually the itemized expenditures for
days, nor to any other place than that in
All Members of the Senate and the House each Member. which the two Houses shall be sitting.
of Representatives shall, upon

assumption of o ice, make a full
Section 9.
disclosure of their financial and business Section 11.
interests. They shall notify the House A Member of the National Assembly shall,
The Senate and the House of
concerned of a potential conflict of in all o enses punishable by not more
Representatives shall have an Electoral
interest that may arise from the filing of a than six years imprisonment, be
Tribunal which shall be the sole judge of
proposed legislation of which they are privileged from arrest during his
all contests relating to the election,
authors. attendance at its sessions, and in going to
returns, and qualifications of their
and returning from the same; but the
respective Members. Each Electoral
SEC. 13. National Assembly shall surrender the
Tribunal shall be composed of nine
No Senator or a Member of the House of Member involved to the custody of the
Members, three of whom shall be Justices
Representatives may hold any other law within twenty-four hours a er its
of the Supreme Court to be designated by
o ice or employment in the Government, adjournment for a recess or its next
the Chief Justice, and the remaining six
or any subdivision, agency, or session, otherwise such privilege shall
shall be Members of the Senate or the
instrumentality thereof, including cease upon its failure to do so. A Member
House of Representatives, as the case
government-owned or controlled shall not be questioned or held liable in
may be, who shall be chosen by each
corporations or their subsidiaries, during any other place for any speech or debate
House, three upon nomination of the
his term without forfeiting his seat. in the Assembly or in any committee
party having the largest number of votes
Neither shall he be appointed to any thereof.
and three of the party having the second
o ice which may have been created or
largest numbers of votes therein. The
the emoluments thereof increased during
senior Justice in each Electoral Tribunal
the term for which he was elected. Section 10.
shall be its Chairman.
A Member of the National Assembly shall
SEC. 14.
not hold any other o ice or employment
No Senator or Member of the House of in the government, or any subdivision,
Representatives may personally appear agency, or instrumentality thereof,
Section 12.
as counsel before any court of justice or including government-owned or
before the Electoral Tribunals, or quasi- controlled corporations during his tenure There shall be a Commission on
judicial and other administrative bodies. except that of Prime Minister or Member Appointments consisting of twelve
Senators and twelve Members of the
Neither shall he, directly or indirectly, be1987,
7/22/2019 of the Cabinet.
1973, Neither Constitution
1935 Philippines shall he beCompared/
House of Representatives,
Comparison Matrix elected by
interested financially in any contract appointed to any civil o ice(/)
which may each House, respectively, on the basis of
with, or in any franchise or special have been created or the emoluments proportional representation of the
privilege granted by the Government, or thereof increased while he was a Member political parties therein. The president of
any subdivision, agency, or of the National Assembly. the Senate shall be the Chairman ex
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instrumentality
Comprehensive thereof, including any
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government-owned or controlled vote except in case of tie.
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corporation,
(/) or its subsidiary, during his Section 11. ☰
term of o ice. He shall not intervene in No Member of the National Assembly
any matter before any o ice of the
THE BAR shall appear as counsel before any court
AnnualGovernment
Exam Archive for his pecuniary benefit or inferior to a court with appellate Section 13.
where he may be called upon to act on jurisdiction, before any court in any civil
FORMS The Electoral Tribunal and the
account
Free Legal Forms of his o ice. case wherein the government, or any
Commission on Appointments shall be
subdivision, agency, or instrumentality
FREE SEC.
LEGAL15. ADVICE constituted within thirty days a er the
thereof is the adverse party, or before any
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The Congress shall convene once every administrative body. Neither shall he,
shall have been organized with the
year on the fourth Monday of July for its directly or indirectly, be interested
JURISPRUDENCE
election of their President and Speaker,
Supremeregular session, unless a di erent date is financially in any contract with, or in any
Court Cases
respectively. The Commission on
fixed by law, and shall continue to be in franchise or special privilege granted by,
LEGAL E-CONSULTATION Appointments shall meet only while the
Privatesession
Consultationfor such number of days as it may the government, or any subdivision,
Congress is in session, at the call of its
determine until thirty days before the agency, or instrumentality thereof,
Chairman or a majority of its Members, to
opening of its next regular session, including any government-owned or
discharge such powers and functions as
exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and controlled corporation, during his term of
are herein conferred upon it.
legal holidays. The President may call a o ice. He shall not intervene in any
special session at any time. matter before any o ice of the Section 14.
government for his pecuniary benefit. The Senators and the Members of the
SEC. 16. House of Representatives shall, unless

(1) The Senate shall elect its President otherwise provided by law, receive an
and the House of Representatives its Section 12.
annual compensation of seven thousand
Speaker, by a majority vote of all its (1) There shall be a question hour at least two hundred pesos each, including per
respective Members. once a month or as o en as the rules of diems and other emoluments or
Each House shall choose such other the National Assembly may provide, allowances and exclusive only of traveling
o icers as it may deem necessary. which shall be included in its agenda, expenses to and from their respective
(2) A majority of each House shall during which the Prime Minister or any districts in the case of Members of the
constitute a quorum to do business, but a Minister may be required to appear and House of Representatives, and to an from
smaller number may adjourn from day to answer questions and interpellations by their places of residence in the case of
day and may compel the attendance of Members of the National Assembly. Senators, when attending sessions of the
absent Members in such manner, and Written questions shall be submitted to Congress. No increase in said
under such penalties, as such House may the Speaker at least three days before a compensation shall take e ect until a er
provide. scheduled question hour. Interpellations the expiration of the full term of all the
(3) Each House may determine the rules shall not be limited to the written Members of the Senate and of the House
of its proceedings, punish its Members for questions, but may cover matters related of Representatives approving such
disorderly behavior, and, with the thereto. The agenda shall specify the increase. Until otherwise provided by law,
concurrence of two-thirds of all its subjects of the question hour. When the the President of the Senate and the
Members, suspend or expel a Member. A security of the State so requires and the Speaker of the House of Representatives
penalty for suspension, when imposed, Prime Minister so states in writing, the shall each receive an annual
shall not exceed sixty days. question hour shall be conducted in compensation of sixteen thousand pesos.
(4) Each House shall keep a Journal of its executive session.

proceedings, and from time to time

publish the same, excepting such parts as
may, in its judgment, a ect national (2) The National Assembly or any of its
Section 15.
security; and the yeas and nays on any committees may conduct inquiries in aid
question shall, at the request of one-fi h of legislation in accordance with its duly The Senators and Members of the House
of the members present, be entered in of Representatives shall in all cases
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Each House shall also keep a Record of its of persons appearing in such(/)inquiries their attendance at the session of the
proceedings. shall be respected. Congress, and in going to and returning
(5) Neither House during the sessions of from the same; and for any speech or

the Congress shall, without the consent debate therein, they shall not be
LIBRARY
of the other, adjourn for more than three Section 13.
Comprehensive Legal Library questioned in any other place.
days, nor to any other place than that in (1) The National Assembly may withdraw

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which(/)the two Houses shall be sitting.
its confidence from the Prime Minister ☰

only by electing a successor by a majority
THE BARSEC. 17. vote of all its Members. No motion for the Section 16.
AnnualThe Senate and the House of
Exam Archive
election of such successor shall be
No Senator or Member of the House of
Representatives shall each have an debated and voted upon until a er the
FORMS Representatives may hold any other o ice
Electoral
Free Legal Forms Tribunal which shall be the sole lapse of three days from the submittal of
or employment in the government
judge of all contests relating to the such motion.
FREE election,
LEGAL ADVICE without forfeiting his seat, nor shall any
returns, and qualifications of
BATASnatin Forum Senator or Member of the House of
their respective Members. Each Electoral
Representatives, during the time for
Tribunal shall be composed of nine
JURISPRUDENCE (2) The Prime Minister may advise the
Court Cases three of whom shall be Justices President in writing to dissolve the
which he was elected, be appointed to
SupremeMembers,
any civil o ice which may have been
of the Supreme Court to be designated by National Assembly whenever the need
LEGAL E-CONSULTATION created or the emoluments whereof shall
Privatethe Chief Justice, and the remaining six arises for a popular vote of confidence on
Consultation
have been increased while he was a
shall be Members of the Senate or the fundamental issues, but not on a matter
Member of the Congress.
House of Representatives, as the case involving his own personal integrity.
may be, who shall be chosen on the basis Whereupon, the President shall dissolve Section 17.
of proportional representation from the the National Assembly not earlier than No Senator or Member of the House of
political parties and the parties or five days nor later than ten days from his
Representatives shall directly or indirectly
organizations registered under the party- receipt of the advice, and call for an be financially interested in any contract
list system represented therein. The election on a date set by the Prime
with the government or any subdivision
senior Justice in the Electoral Tribunal Minister which shall not be earlier than
or instrumentality thereof, or in any
shall be it Chairman. forty-five days nor later than sixty days
franchise or special privilege granted by
from the date of such dissolution.
the Congress during his term of o ice. He
SEC. 18. However, no dissolution of the National
shall not appear as counsel before the
There shall be a Commission on Assembly shall take place within nine
Electoral Tribunals or before any court in
Appointments consisting of the President months immediately preceding a regular any civil case wherein the Government or
of the Senate, as ex o icio Chairman, election or within nine months
any subdivision or instrumentality
twelve Senators, and twelve Members of immediately following any general thereof is the adverse party, or in any
the House of Representatives, elected by election. criminal case wherein an o icer or
each House on the basis of proportional employee of the government is accused
representation from the political parties of an o ense committed in relation to his
(3) In case of dissolution of the National
or organizations registered under the o ice, or collect any fee for his
Assembly or the termination of its regular
party-list system represented therein. The appearance in any administrative
term, the incumbent Prime Minister and
Chairman of the Commission shall not proceedings; or accept employment to
the Cabinet shall continue to conduct the
vote, except in case of a tie. The intervene in any cause or matter where he
a airs of government until the new
Commission shall act on all may be called upon to act on account of
National Assembly is convoked and a
appointments submitted to it within his o ice. No Member of the Commission
Prime Minister is elected and has
thirty session days of the Congress from on Appointments shall appear as counsel
qualified.
their submission. The Commission shall before any court inferior to a collegiate
rule by a majority vote of all the court of appellate jurisdiction.
Members.
Section 14.
SEC. 19. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this

Section 18.
The Electoral Tribunals and the Constitution, no treaty shall be valid and
All appropriation, revenue or tari bills,
Commission on Appointments shall be e ective unless concurred in by a
bills authorizing increase of the public
constituted within thirty days a er the majority of all the Members of the
debt, bills of local application, and private
Senate and the House of Representatives National Assembly.
bills, shall originate exclusively in the
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shall have been organized with the
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1987, House of Representatives,
Comparison Matrix but the Senate
(/)
election of the President and the Speaker. may propose or concur with
(2) The National Assembly, by a vote of
The Commission on Appointments shall amendments.
two-thirds of all its Members, shall have
meet only while the Congress is in
the sole power to declare the existence of
session, at the call of its Chairman or a
LIBRARY a state of war.
majority of all its Members, to discharge Section 19.
such powers and functions as are herein (1) The President shall submit within
LAW FIRM
conferred
(/) upon it.
Section 15. fi een days of the opening of each ☰
regular session of the Congress a budget
In times of war or other national
SEC. 20.
THE BAR of receipts and expenditures, which shall
AnnualThe
emergency, the National Assembly may
records
Exam Archive and books of accounts of the be the basis of the general appropriations
by law authorize the Prime Minister, for a
Congress shall be preserved and be open bill. The Congress may not increase the
FORMS limited period and subject to such
to Forms
Free Legal the public in accordance with law, and appropriations recommended by the
restrictions as it may prescribe, to
such books shall be audited by the President for the operation of the
FREE Commission
LEGAL ADVICE on Audit which shall publish exercise powers necessary and proper to
Government as specified in the Budget,
BATASnatin Forum carry out a declared national policy.
annually an itemized list of amounts paid except the appropriations for the
Unless sooner withdrawn by resolution of
to and expenses incurred for each
JURISPRUDENCE Congress and the Judicial Department.
the National Assembly, such powers shall
Member.
Supreme Court Cases
The form of the Budget and the
cease upon its next adjournment.
information that it should contain shall
PrivateSEC. 21.
Consultation
be prescribed by law.
The Senate or the House of Section 16. (2) No provision or enactment shall be
Representatives or any of its respective
(1) The Prime Minister shall submit to the embraced in the general appropriations
committees may conduct inquiries in aid
National Assembly within thirty days bill unless it relates specifically to some
of legislation in accordance with its duly
from the opening of each regular session, particular appropriation therein; and any
published rules of procedure. The rights
as the basis of the general appropriations such provision or enactment shall be
of persons appearing in or a ected by
bill, a budget of receipts based on existing limited in its operation to such
such inquiries shall be respected.
and proposed revenue measures, and of appropriation.
expenditures. The form, content, and
SEC. 22.
manner of preparation of the budget
The heads of departments may upon Section 20.
shall be prescribed by law.
their own initiative, with the consent of
(1) Every bill passed by the Congress
the President, or upon the request of (2) No provision or enactment shall be
shall, before it becomes a law, be
either House, as the rules of each House embraced in the general appropriations
presented to the President. If he approves
shall provide, appear before and be heard bill unless it relates specifically to some
the same, he shall sign it; but if not, he
by such House on any matter pertaining particular appropriation therein. Any
shall return it with his objections to the
to their departments. Written questions such provision or enactment shall be
House where it originated, which shall
shall be submitted to the President of the limited in its operation to the
enter the objections at large on its
Senate or the Speaker of the House of appropriation to which it relates.
Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If,
Representatives at least three days before
a er such reconsideration, two-thirds of
their scheduled appearance.
(3) The procedure in approving all the Members of such House shall agree
Interpellations shall not be limited to
to pass the bill, it shall be sent together,
written questions, but may cover matters appropriations for the National Assembly
with the objections, to the House by
related thereto. When the security of the shall strictly follow the procedure for
approving appropriations for other which it shall likewise be reconsidered,
State or the public interest so requires
and if approved by two-thirds of all the
and the President so states in writing, the departments and agencies.
Members of that House, it shall become a
appearance shall be conducted in
law. In all such cases, the votes of each
executive session.
(4) A special appropriations bill shall House shall be determined by yeas and
specify the purpose for which it is nays, and the names of the Members
SEC. 23.
intended, and shall be supported by voting for and against shall be entered on
(1) The Congress, by a vote of two-thirds
funds actually available as certified to by its Journal. If any bill shall not be
of both Houses in joint session
the National Treasurer, or to be raised by returned by the President as herein
assembled, voting separately, shall have
a corresponding revenue proposal provided within twenty days (Sundays
the sole power to declare the existence of
included therein. excepted) a er it shall have been
a state of war.
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(/)
(2) In times of war or other national any transfer of appropriations; however, unless the Congress by adjournment
emergency, the Congress may, by law, the Prime Minister, the Speaker, the Chief prevent its return, in which case it shall
authorize the President, for a limited Justice of the Supreme Court, and the become a law unless vetoed by the
period and subject to such restrictions as heads of Constitutional Commissions President within thirty days a er
LIBRARY
it mayLegal
Comprehensive prescribe,
to exercise powers
Library may by law be authorized to augment adjournment.
necessary and proper to carry out a any item in the general appropriations

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declared
(/) national policy. Unless sooner
law for their respective o ices from ☰
withdrawn by resolution of the Congress, saving in other items of their respective (2) The President shall have the power to
such powers shall cease upon the next appropriations. veto any particular item or items of an
THE BAR
Annualadjournment
Exam Archive thereof. appropriation bill, but the veto shall not

a ect the item or items to which he does
FORMS
SEC. 24. (6) If, by the end of the fiscal year, the not object. When a provision of an
Free Legal Forms
All appropriation, revenue or tari bills, National Assembly shall have failed to appropriation bill a ects one or more
FREE bills
LEGALauthorizing
ADVICE increase of public debt, pass the general appropriations bill for items of the same, the President cannot
BATASnatin Forum
bills of local application, and private bills the ensuing fiscal year, the general veto the provision without at the same
shall originate exclusively in the House of appropriations law for the preceding
JURISPRUDENCE
time, vetoing the particular item or items
Representatives,
Supreme Court Cases but the Senate may fiscal year shall be deemed re-enacted to which it relates. The item or items
propose or concur with amendments. and shall remain in force and e ect until objected to shall not take e ect except in
the general appropriations bill is passed the manner heretofore provided as to
SEC. 25. by the National Assembly. bills returned to the Congress without the
(1) The Congress may not increase the approval of the President. If the veto

appropriations recommended by the refers to a bill or any item of an
Section 17. appropriation bill which appropriates a
President for the operation of the
Government as specified in the budget. (1) The rule of taxation shall be uniform sum in excess of ten per centum of the
The form, content, and manner of and equitable. The National Assembly total amount voted in the appropriation
preparation of the budget shall be shall evolve a progressive system of bill for the general expenses of the
prescribed by law. taxation. Government for the preceding year, or if it
should refer to a bill authorizing an

increase of the public debt, the same
(2) No provision or enactment shall be (2) The National Assembly may by law shall not become a law unless approved
embraced in the general appropriations authorize the Prime Minister to fix within
by three-fourths of all the Members of
bill unless it relates specifically to some specified limits, and subject to such
each House.
particular appropriation therein. Any limitations and restrictions as it may
such provision or enactment shall be
impose, tari rates, import and export
limited in its operation to the quotas, tonnage and wharfage dues, and (3) The President shall have the power to
appropriation to which it relates. other duties or imposts. veto any separate item or items in a
revenue of tari bill, and the item or

(3) The procedure in approving items shall not take e ect except in the
(3) Charitable institutions, churches, manner provided as to bills vetoed by the
appropriations for the Congress shall
personages or convents appurtenant President.
strictly follow the procedure for
thereto, mosques and non-profit
approving appropriations for other
cemeteries, and all lands, buildings and
departments or agencies.
improvements actually, directly, and Section 21.
exclusively used for religious or (1) No bill which may be enacted into law
(4) A special appropriations bill shall charitable purposes shall be exempt from shall embrace more than one subject
specify the purpose for which it is taxation. which shall be expressed in the title of the
intended, and shall be supported by
bill.
funds actually available as certified by
the National Treasurer, or to be raised by (4) No law granting any tax exemption
a corresponding revenue proposed shall be passed without the concurrence (2) No bill shall be passed by either House
therein. of a majority of all the Members of the unless it shall have been printed and
National Assembly. copies thereof in its final form furnished
(5) No law shall be passed authorizing its Members at least three calendar days
any transfer of appropriations; however, prior to its passage, except when the
Section 18.
the President, the President of the
7/22/2019 (1) 1973,
1987, No money shall be paid
1935 Philippines out of the
Constitution President
Compared/ shall
Comparison have certified to the
Matrix
(/)
Senate, the Speaker of the House of Treasury except in pursuance of an necessity of its immediate enactment.
Representatives, the Chief Justice of the appropriation made by law. Upon the last reading of a bill no
Supreme Court, and the Constitutional amendment thereof shall be allowed, and

Commissions may, by law, be authorized the question upon its passage shall be
LIBRARY
to augment any item in the general (2) No public money or property shall taken immediately therea er, and the
appropriations law for their respective ever be appropriated, applied, paid, or yeas and nays entered on the Journal.
LAW FIRM used, directly or indirectly, for the use,
o ices
(/) from savings in other items of
Excellence is our Standard ☰
their respective appropriations. benefit, or support of any sect, church,
denomination, sectarian institution, or Section 22.
THE BAR
Annual Exam Archive system of religion or for the use, benefit,
(6) Discretionary funds appropriated for (1) The rule of taxation shall be uniform.
or support of any priest, preacher,
FORMS particular o icials shall be disbursed only
minister, or other religious teacher or
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for public purposes to be supported by
dignitary as such, except when such (2) The Congress may by law authorize
appropriate vouchers and subject to such
FREE LEGAL ADVICE priest, preacher, minister, or dignitary is the President, subject to such limitations
guidelines
BATASnatin Forum as may be prescribed by law.
assigned to the armed forces, or to any and restrictions as it may impose, to fix,
penal institution, or government within specified limits, tari rates, import
JURISPRUDENCE
Supreme(7)Court
If, by
Casesthe end of any fiscal year, the orphanage or leprosarium. or export quotas, and tonnage and
Congress shall have failed to pass the wharfage dues.

general appropriations bill for the
Section 19.
ensuing fiscal year, the general
appropriations law for the preceding (1) Every bill shall become a law unless it (3) Cemeteries, churches, and parsonages
fiscal year shall be deemed reenacted has passed three readings on separate or convents appurtenant thereto, and all
and shall remain in force and e ect until days, and printed copies thereof in its lands, buildings, and improvements used
the general appropriations bill is passed final form have been distributed to the exclusively for religious, charitable, or
by the Congress. Members three days before its passage, educational purposes shall be exempt
except when the Prime Minister certifies from taxation.
SEC. 26. to the necessity of its immediate
(1) Every bill passed by the Congress shall enactment to meet a public calamity or
Section 23.
embrace only one subject which shall be emergency. Upon the last reading of a
expressed in the title thereof. bill, no amendment thereto shall be (1) All money collected on any tax levied
allowed, and the vote thereon shall be for a special purpose shall be treated as a
taken immediately therea er, and the special fund and paid out for such
(2) No bill passed by either House shall
purpose only. If the purpose for which a
become a law unless it has passed three yeas and nays entered in the Journal.
special fund was crated has been fulfilled
readings on separate days, and printed
or abandoned, the balance, if any, shall
copies thereof in its final form have been
(2) No bill except those of local be transferred to the general funds of the
distributed to its members three days
application shall be calendared without Government.
before its passage, except when the
the prior recommendation of the Cabinet.
President certifies to the necessity of its
immediate enactment to meet a public
(2) No money shall be paid out of
calamity or emergency. Upon the last Section 20. Treasury except in pursuance of an
reading of a bill, no amendment thereto
(1) Every bill passed by the national appropriation made by law.
shall be allowed, and the vote thereon
Assembly shall, before it becomes a law,
shall be taken immediately therea er,
be presented to the Prime Minister. If he
and the yeas and nays entered in the (3) No public money, or property shall
approves the same he shall sign it;
Journal. ever be appropriated, applied, or used,
otherwise, he shall veto it and return the
directly or indirectly, for the use, benefit,
same with his objections to the National
SEC. 27. or support of any sect, church,
Assembly. The bill may be reconsidered
(1) Every bill passed by the Congress denomination, sectarian institution or
by the National Assembly and, if
shall, before it becomes a law, be system of religion, for the use, benefit, or
approved by two-thirds of all its
presented to the President. If he support of any priest, preacher, ministers,
Members, shall become a law. The Prime
approves the same, he shall sign it; or other religious teacher or dignitary as
Minister shall act on every bill passed by
otherwise, he shall veto it and return the such except when such priest, preacher,
the National Assembly within thirty days
same with his objections to the House
where it originated, which shall enter the
7/22/2019 a er
1987, the1935
1973, datePhilippines
of receiptConstitution
thereof; Compared/
minister, or dignitary
Comparison Matrix is assigned to the
objections at large in its Journal and otherwise, it shall become a(/)law as if he armed forces or to any penal institution,
proceed to reconsider it. If, a er such had signed it. orphanage or leprosarium.
reconsideration, two-thirds of all the
(2) The Prime Minister shall have the
Members of such House shall agree to
LIBRARY power to veto any particular item or
pass the Section 24.
Comprehensive Legalbill, it
shall be sent, together
Library
items in appropriation, revenue, or tari
with the objections, to the other House
bill, but the veto shall not a ect the item The heads of departments upon their
LAW FIRM
by which
(/) it shall likewise be
Excellence is our Standard or items to which he does not object. own initiative or upon the request of ☰
reconsidered, and if approved by two- either House may appear before and be
thirds of all the Members of that House, it
THE BAR heard by such House on any matter
Annualshall become
Exam Archive a law. In all such cases, the pertaining to their departments, unless
votes of each House shall be determined the public interest shall require otherwise
FORMS
byForms
Free Legal yeas
or nays, and the names of the and the President shall so state in writing.
Members voting for or against shall be
FREE entered
LEGAL ADVICE Section 25.
in its Journal. The President shall
BATASnatin Forum
communicate his veto of any bill to the The Congress, shall, with the concurrence
House where it originated within thirty
JURISPRUDENCE of two-thirds of all the Members of each
days
Supreme Courta er
Cases the day of receipt thereof; House, have the sole power to declare
otherwise, it shall become a law as if he war.
Privatehad signed it.
Consultation Section 26. In times of war and other
national emergency the Congress may by
(2) The President shall have the power to law authorize the President, for a limited
veto any particular item or items in an period, and subject to such restrictions as
appropriation, revenue, or tari bill, but it may prescribe, to promulgate rules and
the veto shall not a ect the item or items regulations to carry out a declared
to which he does not object. national policy.
SEC. 28.
(1) The rule of taxation shall be uniform
and equitable. The Congress shall evolve
a progressive system of taxation.
(2)The Congress may, by law, authorize

the President to fix within specified
limits, and subject to such limitations and
restrictions as it may impose, tari rates,
import and export quotas, tonnage and
wharfage dues, and other duties or
imposts within the framework of the
national development program of the
Government.
(3)Charitable institutions, churches and

parsonages or covenants appurtenant
thereto, mosques, non-profit cemeteries,
and all lands, buildings, and
improvements, actually, directly, and
exclusively used for religious, charitable,
or educational purposes shall be exempt
from taxation.
(/)
(4) No law granting any tax exemption
shall be passed without the concurrence
of a majority of all the Members of the
Congress.
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SEC. 29.
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(1) No
(/)money shall be paid out of the
☰
Treasury except in pursuance of an
appropriation made by law.
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(2) No public money or property shall be

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appropriated, applied, paid, or
employed, directly or indirectly, for the
FREE LEGAL ADVICE
use,Forum
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institution, or system of religion, or of any
Supreme Court Cases
priest, preacher, minister, or other
LEGALreligious teacher, or dignitary as such,
E-CONSULTATION
except when such priest, preacher,
minister, or dignitary is assigned to the
armed forces, or to any penal institution,
or government orphanage or
leprosarium.
(3) All money collected on any tax levied

for a special purpose shall be treated as a
special fund and paid out for such
purpose only. If the purpose for which a
special fund was created has been
fulfilled or abandoned, the balance, if
any, shall be transferred to the general
funds of the Government.
SEC. 30.
No law shall be passed increasing the
appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court as provided in this Constitution
without its advice and concurrence.
SEC. 31.
No law granting a title of royalty or
nobility shall be enacted.
SEC. 32.
The Congress shall, as early as possible,
provide for a system of initiative and
referendum, and the exceptions
therefrom, whereby the people can
directly propose and enact laws or
approve or reject any act or law or part
thereof passed by the Congress or local
legislative body a er the registration of a
petition therefor signed by at least ten
per centum of the total number of
(/)
registered voters, of which every
legislative district must be represented by
at least three per centum of the
registered voters thereof.
LIBRARY
ARTICLE VII ARTICLE VII ARTICLE VII
Executive Department
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☰
LIVE! Free legal advice every Wednesday and Friday at 6pm.
SECBATASnatin
1.
THE BAR Section 1. Section 1.
AnnualThe executive power shall be vested in
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the President of the Philippines. The President shall be the head of state The executive power shall be vested in a
FORMS and chief executive of the Republic of the President of the Philippines.
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SEC. 2. Philippines.

FREE No person
LEGAL ADVICEmay be elected President
BATASnatin Forum Section 2.
unless he is a natural-born citizen of the
Section 2.
Philippines, a registered voter, able to The President shall hold his o ice during
JURISPRUDENCE
read
Supreme Courtand
Cases write, at least forty years of age There shall be a Vice-President who shall a term of four years and together with the
on the day of the election, and a resident have the same qualifications and term of Vice-President chosen for the same term,
LEGAL E-CONSULTATION o ice as the President and may be shall be elected by direct vote of the
of the Philippines for at least ten years
immediately preceding such election. removed from o ice in the same manner people. The returns of every election for
as the President as provided in Article President and Vice-President, duly
SEC. 3. XIII, Section 2 of this Constitution. certified by the board of canvassers of
There shall be a Vice-President who shall each province or city, shall be transmitted
have the same qualifications and term of to the seat of the National Government,
The Vice-President may be appointed as directed to the President of the Senate,
o ice and be elected with and in the
a member of the Cabinet and may be who shall, in the presence of the Senate
same manner as the President. He may
nominated and elected as Prime Minister. and the House of Representatives, open
be removed from o ice in the same
manner as the President. all the certificates, and the votes shall
The Vice-President may be appointed as then be counted. The person respectively
The Vice-President shall be elected with
a Member of the Cabinet. Such having the highest number of votes for
and in the same manner as the President.
appointment requires no confirmation. President and Vice-President shall be
declared elected, but in case two or more
SEC. 4. The President shall be elected from shall have an equal and the highest
The President and the Vice-President among the Members of the National number of votes for their o ice, one of
shall be elected by direct vote of the Assembly by a majority vote of all its them shall be chosen President or Vice-
people for a term of six years which shall Members for a term of six years from the President, as the case may be, by a
begin at noon on the thirtieth day of June date he takes his oath of o ice, which majority vote of the Members of the
following the day of the election and shall shall not be later than three days a er the Congress in joint session assembled.
end at noon of the same date six years proclamation of the National Assembly,
therea er. The President shall not be nor in any case earlier than the expiration
Section 3.
eligible for any reelection. No person who of the term of his predecessor. Upon
has succeeded as President and has taking his oath of o ice, the President No person may be elected to the o ice of
served as such for more than four years shall cease to be a Member of the the President or Vice-President unless he
shall be qualified for election to the same National Assembly and of any political is a natural born citizen of the Philippines,
o ice at any time. party. He shall be ineligible to hold any a qualified voter, forty years of age or
other elective o ice during his term. over, and has been a resident of the
Philippines for at least ten years
No Vice-President shall serve for more
immediately preceding the election.
than two consecutive terms. Voluntary
Section 3.
renunciation of the o ice for any length
of time shall not be considered as an No person may be elected President
Section 4.
interruption in the continuity of the unless he is at least fi y years of age at
service for the full term for which he was the day of his election as President, and a Elections for President and Vice-President
elected. resident of the Philippines for at least ten shall be held once every four years on a
date to be fixed by law.
Unless otherwise provided by law, the 1987,
7/22/2019 years immediately
1973, preceding
1935 Philippines his election.
Constitution Comparison Matrix
Compared/
(/)
regular election for President and Vice- However, if no Member of the National
The terms of the President and Vice-
President shall be held on the second Assembly is qualified or none of those
President shall end at noon on the
Monday of May. qualified is a candidate for President, any
thirtieth day of December following the
Member thereof may be elected
LIBRARY expiration of four years a er their
Comprehensive Legal Library President.
The returns of every election for election, and the terms of their
President and Vice-President, duly successors shall begin from such time.
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certified
Excellence by the board of canvassers of
is our Standard
☰
Section 4.
each province
BATASnatin or city,
LIVE! shall
Free legal be transmitted
advice every Wednesday and Friday at 6pm.
to the Congress, directed to the President (1) The President shall have an o icial
THE BAR Section 5.
Annual Exam Archive
of the Senate. Upon receipt of the residence and shall receive a
No person shall serve as President for
certificates of canvass, the President of compensation to be fixed by law, which
FORMS more than eight consecutive years. The
the Senate shall, not later than thirty days shall not be increased or decreased
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period of such service shall be counted
a er the day of the election, open all during his term of o ice. He shall not
FREE LEGAL ADVICE from the date he shall have commenced
certificates
BATASnatin Forum in the presence of the Senate receive during his tenure any other to act as President. Voluntary
and the House of Representatives in joint emolument from the government or any
renunciation of the o ice for any length
public session, and the Congress, upon other source. Until the National Assembly of time shall not be considered as an
JURISPRUDENCE
Supreme Court Cases
determination of the authenticity and shall provide otherwise, the President
interruption in the continuity of the
LEGALdue execution thereof in the manner shall receive an annual salary of one
E-CONSULTATION service of the incumbent for the full term
provided by law, canvass the votes. hundred thousand pesos.
for which he was elected.

The person having the highest number of (2) The President shall not during his
Section 6.
votes shall be proclaimed elected, but in tenure, hold any appointive o ice,
case two or more shall have an equal and practice any profession, participate If, at the time fixed for the beginning of
highest number of votes, one of them directly or indirectly in the management the term of the President, the President-
shall forthwith be chosen by the vote of a of any business, or be financially elect shall have died, the Vice-President-
majority of all the Members of the interested directly or indirectly in any elect shall become President. If a
Congress, voting separately. contract with, or in any franchise or President shall not have been chosen
The Congress shall promulgate its rules special privilege granted by, the before the time fixed for the beginning of
for the canvassing of the certificates. government or any subdivision, agency, his term or if the President shall have
or instrumentality thereof, including failed to qualify, then the Vice-President
shall act as President until a President
The Supreme Court, sitting en banc, shall government-owned or controlled
shall have qualified, and the Congress
be the sole judge of all contests relating corporations.
may by law provide for the case wherein
to the election, returns, and
neither a President-elect nor a Vice-
qualifications of the President or Vice-
Section 5. President-elect shall have qualified,
President, and may promulgate its rules
declaring who shall then act as President,
for the purpose. In case of permanent disability, death,
or the manner in which one who is to act
removal from o ice, or resignation of the
shall be selected, and such person shall
SEC. 5. President, the Speaker of the National
act accordingly until a President or Vice-
Before they enter on the execution of Assembly shall act as President until a
President shall have qualified.
their o ice, the President, the Vice- successor has been elected for the
President, or the Acting President shall unexpired portion of the term of the
take the following oath or a irmation : President.
Section 7.

Before he enters on the execution of his
"I do solemnly swear (or a irm) that I will Section 6. o ice, the President shall take the
faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my following oath or a irmation :
The President shall have the following
duties as President (or Vice-President or
duties and functions:
Acting President) of the Philippines,
"I do solemnly swear (or a irm) that I will
preserve and defend its Constitution,
faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my
execute its laws, do justice to every man, (1) Address the National Assembly at the
duties as President of the Philippines,
and consecrate myself to the service of opening of its regular session.
preserve and defend its Constitution,
the Nation. So help me God." (In case of
execute its laws, do justice to every man,
a irmation, last sentence will be
omitted.)
7/22/2019 (2) 1973,
1987, Proclaim
1935the election
Philippines of the Prime
Constitution and
Compared/ consecrate
Comparison myself to the service of
Matrix
(/)
Minister. the Nation. So help me God." (In case of
SEC. 6. a irmation, last sentence will be omitted)

The President shall have an o icial
residence. The salaries of the President (3) Dissolve the National Assembly and
LIBRARY Section 8.
and Vice-President shall be determined call for a general election as provided
by law and shall not be decreased during herein. In the event of the removal of the
LAW FIRM President from o ice, or his death,
their(/) tenure. No increase in said
☰
compensation shall take e ect until a er resignation, or inability to discharge the
(4)and
BATASnatin LIVE! Free legal advice every Wednesday Accept
Fridaythe resignation
at 6pm. of the Cabinet powers and duties of the said o ice, the
THE BARthe expiration of the term of the
Annualincumbent
as provided herein. same shall devolve on the Vice-President,
Exam Archive during which such increase
was approved. They shall not receive and the Congress shall by law provide for
FORMS
during
Free Legal Formstheir tenure any other emolument (5) Attest to the appointment or cessation the case of removal, death, resignation,
from the Government or any other or inability, both of the President and
from o ice of Members of the Cabinet,
FREE source.
LEGAL ADVICE Vice-President, declaring what o icer
BATASnatin Forum and of other o icers as may be provided
shall then act as President, and such
by law.
SEC. 7. o icer shall act accordingly, until the
JURISPRUDENCE
disability be removed, or a President shall
The
Supreme President-elect
Court Cases and the Vice-
President-elect shall assume o ice at the (6) Appoint all o icers and employees in be elected.
Privatebeginning of their terms.
Consultation his o ice in accordance with the Civil
If the President-elect fails to qualify, the Service Law.
Section 9.
Vice-President-elect shall act as President

until the President-elect shall have The President shall have an o icial
qualified. (7) Perform such other duties and residence and receive a compensation to
If a President shall not have been chosen, functions of State as may be provided by be ascertained by law which shall be
the Vice-President-elect shall act as law. neither increased nor diminished during
President until a President shall have the period of which he shall have been
been chosen and qualified. Section 7. elected, and he shall not receive within
If at the beginning of the term of the the period any other emolument from the
The President shall be immune from suit
President, the President-elect shall have Government or any of its subdivisions or
during his tenure.
died or have become permanently instrumentalities. Until the Congress shall
disabled, the Vice-President-elect shall provide otherwise, the President shall
become President. receive an annual salary of thirty
thousand pesos. The Vice-President,
when not acting as President, shall
Where no President and Vice-President
receive an annual compensation of fi een
shall have been chosen or shall have
thousand pesos until otherwise provided
qualified, or where both shall have died
by law.
or become permanently disabled, the
President of the Senate or, in case of his
inability, the Speaker of the House of Section 10.
Representatives shall act as President
(1) The President shall have control of all
until a President or a Vice-President shall
executive departments, bureaus or
have been chosen and qualified.
o ices, exercise general provision over all
local governments as may be provided by
The Congress shall provide for the law, and take care that the laws be
manner in which one who is to act as faithfully executed.
President shall be selected until a

President or a Vice-President shall have
qualified, in case of death, permanent (2) The President shall be commander-in-
disability, or inability of the o icials chief of all armed forces of the
mentioned in the next preceding Philippines, and, whenever it becomes
paragraph. necessary, he may call out such armed
forces to prevent or suppress lawless
SEC. 8. violence, invasion, insurrection, or
In case of death, permanent disability, 1987, 1973, 1935 Philippines Constitution Compared/
7/22/2019 rebellion. In case
Comparison of invasion,
Matrix
(/)
removal from o ice, or resignation of the insurrection, or rebellion or imminent
President, the Vice-President shall danger thereof, when the public safety
become the President to serve the requires it, he may suspend the privilege
unexpired term. In case of death, of the writ of habeas corpus, or place the
LIBRARY
permanent
Comprehensive disability,
Legal Library removal from Philippines or any part thereof under
o ice, or resignation of both the Martial Law.
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President
(/) and Vice-President, the
Excellence is our Standard ☰
President of the Senate or, in case of his
inability, the Speaker of the House of (3) The President shall nominate and with
THE BAR
AnnualRepresentatives,
Exam Archive shall then act as the consent of the Commission on
President until the President or Vice- Appointments, shall appoint the heads of
FORMS
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qualified. o icers of the Army from the rank of

FREE LEGAL ADVICE colonel, of the Navy and Air Forces from
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the rank of captain or commander, and all
The Congress shall, by law, provide who
other o icers of the Government whose
JURISPRUDENCE
shall serve as President in case of death,
Supreme Court Cases appointments are not herein otherwise
permanent disability, or resignation of
provided for, and those whom he may be
LEGALthe Acting President. He shall serve until
E-CONSULTATION
authorized by law to appoint; but the
the President or the Vice-President shall
Congress may by law vest the
have been elected and qualified, and be
appointment of inferior o icers, in the
subject to the same restrictions of powers
President alone, in the courts, or in the
and disqualifications as the Acting
heads of departments.
President.

SEC. 9. (4) The President shall have the power to
Whenever there is a vacancy in the O ice make appointments during the recess of
of the Vice-President during the term for the Congress, but such appointments
which he was elected, the President shall shall be e ective only until disapproval
nominate a Vice-President from among by the Commission on Appointments or
the Members of the Senate and the until the next adjournment of the
House of Representatives who shall Congress.
assume o ice upon confirmation of a

majority vote of all the Members of both
Houses of the Congress, voting (5) The President shall from time to time
separately. give to the Congress information on the
state of the Nation, and recommend to its
SEC. 10. consideration such measures as he shall
The Congress shall, at ten o'clock in the judge necessary and expedient.
morning of the third day a er the
vacancy in the o ices of the President
(6) The President shall have the power to
and Vice-President occurs, convene in
grant reprieves, commutations, and
accordance with its rules without need of
pardons, and remit fines and forfeitures,
a call and within seven days enact a law
a er conviction, for all expenses except in
calling for a special election to elect a
case of impeachment, upon such
President and a Vice-President to b held
conditions and with such restrictions and
not earlier than forty-five days nor later
limitations as he may deem proper to
than sixty days from the time of such call.
impose. He shall have the power to grant
The bill calling such special election shall
amnesty with the concurrence of the
be deemed certified under paragraph 2,
Congress.
Section 26, Article VI of this Constitution
and shall become law upon its approval
on third reading by the Congress.

Appropriations for the special elections 1987, 1973, 1935 Philippines Constitution Compared/
7/22/2019 (7)Comparison
The President shall have the power,
Matrix
(/)
shall be charged against any current with the concurrence of two-thirds of all
appropriations and shall be exempt from the Members of the Senate to make
the requirements of paragraph 4, Section treaties, and with the consent of the
25, Article VI of this Constitution. The Commission on Appointments, he shall
LIBRARY
convening
Comprehensive of the
Legal Library Congress cannot be appoint ambassadors, other public
suspended nor the special election ministers, and consuls. He shall receive
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postponed.
(/) No special election shall be
ambassadors and other public ministers ☰
called if the vacancy occurs within duly accredited to the Government of the
eighteen months before the date of the
THE BAR Philippines.
Annualnext presidential
Exam Archive election.

FORMS
SEC. 11. Section 11.
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Whenever the President transmits to the (1) The executive departments of the
FREE President
LEGAL ADVICE
of the Senate and the Speaker present Government of the Philippine
BATASnatin Forum
of the House of Representatives his Islands shall continue as now authorized
written declaration that he is unable to
JURISPRUDENCE by law until the Congress shall provide
discharge
Supreme Court Cases the powers and duties of his otherwise.
o ice and until he transmits to them a
Privatewritten declaration
Consultation to the contrary, such
powers and duties shall be discharged by (2) The heads of the departments and
the Vice-President as Acting President. chiefs of bureaus or o ices and their
assistants shall not, during their
continuance in o ice, engage in the
Whenever a majority of all the Members
practice of any profession, or intervene,
of the Cabinet transmit to the President
directly or indirectly, in the management
of the Senate and to the Speaker of the
or control of any private enterprise which
House of Representatives their written
in any way may be a ected by the
declaration that the President is unable
functions of their o ice; nor shall they,
to discharge the powers and duties of his
directly or indirectly, be financially
o ice, the Vice-President shall
interested in any contract with the
immediately assume the powers and
Government, or any subdivision or
duties of the o ice as Acting President.
instrumentality thereof.

Therea er, when the President transmits
to the President of the Senate and to the (3) The President may appoint the Vice-
Speaker of the House of Representatives President as a member of his Cabinet and
his written declaration that no inability also as head of an executive department.
exists, he shall reassume the powers and
duties of his o ice. Meanwhile, should a
majority of all the Members of the
Cabinet transmit within five days to the
President of the Senate and to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives
their written declaration that the
President is unable to discharge the
powers and duties of his o ice, the
Congress shall decide the issue. For that
purpose, the Congress shall convene, if it
is not in session, within forty-eight hours,
in accordance with its rules and without
need of call.
If the Congress, within ten days a er
receipt of the last written declaration, or,
if not in session, within twelve days a er
it is required to assemble, determines by1987, 1973, 1935 Philippines Constitution Compared/ Comparison Matrix
7/22/2019
(/)
a two-thirds vote of both Houses, voting
separately, that the President is unable to
discharge the powers and duties of his
o ice, the Vice-President shall act as the
LIBRARY
President;
Comprehensive otherwise,
Legal Library the President shall
continue exercising the powers and
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duties
(/) of his o
ice. ☰
SEC. 12.
THE BAR
AnnualIn case
Exam of
serious illness of the President,
Archive
the public shall be informed of the state

FORMS
of Forms
Free Legal his health. The Members of the Cabinet
in charge of national security and foreign
FREE relations
LEGAL ADVICE
and the Chief of Sta of the
BATASnatin Forum
Armed Forces of the Philippines, shall not
be denied access to the President during
JURISPRUDENCE
such
Supreme Courtillness.
Cases
PrivateSEC. 13.
Consultation
The President, Vice-President, the

Members of the Cabinet, and their
deputies or assistants shall not, unless
otherwise provided in this Constitution,
hold any other o ice or employment
during their tenure. They shall not, during
said tenure, directly or indirectly, practice
any other profession, participate in any
business, or be financially interested in
any contract with, or in any franchise, or
special privilege granted by the
Government or any subdivision, agency,
or instrumentality thereof, including
government-owned or controlled
corporations or their subsidiaries. They
shall strictly avoid conflict of interest in
the conduct of their o ice.
The spouse and relatives by
consanguinity or a inity within the fourth
civil degree of the President shall not
during his tenure be appointed as
members of the Constitutional
Commissions, or the O ice of the
Ombudsman, or as Secretaries,
Undersecretaries, chairmen or heads of
bureaus or o ices, including government-
owned or controlled corporations and
their subsidiaries.
SEC. 14.
Appointments extended by an Acting
President shall remain e ective, unless
revoked by the elected President within
ninety days from his assumption or
reassumption of o
7/22/2019 ice. 1987, 1973, 1935 Philippines Constitution Compared/ Comparison Matrix
(/)
SEC. 15.
Two months immediately before the next
presidential elections and up to the end
LIBRARY
of his Legal
Comprehensive term, a President
Library or Acting
President shall not make appointments,
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except
(/) temporary appointments to
☰
executive positions when continued
vacancies therein will prejudice public
THE BAR
Annualservice or
Exam Archive endanger public safety.
FORMS
SEC.
Free Legal 16.
Forms
The President shall nominate and, with

FREE the
LEGAL ADVICE of the Commission on
consent
BATASnatin Forum
Appointments, appoint the heads of the
executive department, ambassadors,
JURISPRUDENCE
other
Supreme public
Court Cases ministers and consuls, or
o icers of the armed forces from the rank
Privateof colonel
Consultation or naval captain, and other
o icers whose appointments are vested
in him in this Constitution. He shall also
appoint all other o icers of the
Government whose appointments are
not otherwise provided for by law, and
those whom he may be authorized by law
to appoint. The Congress may, by law,
vest the appointment of other o icers
lower in rank in the President alone, in
the courts, or in the heads of
departments, agencies, commissions, or
boards.
The President shall have the power to
make appointments during the recess of
the Congress, whether voluntary or
involuntary, but such appointments shall
be e ective only until a er disapproval
by the Commission on Appointments or
until the next adjournment of the
Congress.
SEC. 17.
The President shall control of all the
executive departments, bureaus and
o ices. He shall ensure that the laws be
faithfully executed.
SEC. 18.
The President shall be the Commander-
in-Chief of all armed forces of the
Philippines and whenever it becomes
necessary, he may call out such armed
forces to prevent or suppress lawless
violence, invasion or rebellion. In case of
invasion or rebellion, when the public 1987, 1973, 1935 Philippines Constitution Compared/ Comparison Matrix
7/22/2019
(/)
safety requires it, he may, for a period not
exceeding sixty days, suspend the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or
place the Philippines or any part thereof
LIBRARY
underLegal
Comprehensive martial
Library law. Within forty-eight
hours from the proclamation of martial
LAW FIRM
law or
(/)the suspension of the privilege of
☰
the writ of habeas corpus, the President
shall submit a report in person or in
THE BAR
Annualwriting to
Exam Archive the Congress. The Congress,
voting jointly, by a vote of at least a
FORMS
majority
Free Legal Forms of all its Members in regular or
special session, may revoke such
FREE proclamation
LEGAL ADVICE or suspension, which
BATASnatin Forum
revocation shall not be set aside by the
President. Upon the initiative of the
JURISPRUDENCE
President,
Supreme Court Cases the Congress may, in the same
manner, extend such proclamation or
Privatesuspension
Consultation for a period to be determined
by the Congress, if the invasion or
rebellion shall persist and public safety
requires it.
The Congress, if not in session, shall,

within twenty-four hours following such
proclamation or suspension, convene in
accordance with its rules without any
need of a call.
The Supreme Court may review, in an

appropriate proceeding filed by any
citizen, the su iciency of the factual basis
of the proclamation of martial law or the
suspension of the privilege of the writ or
the extension thereof, and must
promulgate its decision thereon within
thirty days from its filing.
A state of martial law does not suspend
the operation of the Constitution, nor
supplant the functioning of the civil
courts or the legislative assemblies, nor
authorize the conferment of jurisdiction
on military courts and agencies over
civilians where civil courts are able to
function, nor automatically suspend the
privilege of the writ.
The suspension of the privilege of the writ
shall apply only to persons judicially
charged for rebellion or o enses inherent
in or directly connected with the
invasion.
(/)
During the suspension of the privilege of
the writ, any person thus arrested or
detained shall be judicially charged
within three days, otherwise he shall be
LIBRARY
released.
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SEC. (/)
19.
☰
Except in cases of impeachment, or as
otherwise provided in this Constitution,
THE BAR
Annualthe
ExamPresident
Archive may grant reprieves,
commutations and pardons, and remit
FORMS
fines
Free Legal and
Forms forfeitures, a er conviction by
final judgment.
FREE He
LEGAL ADVICE
shall also have the power to grant
BATASnatin Forum
amnesty with the concurrence of a
majority of all the Members of the
JURISPRUDENCE
Congress.
Supreme Court Cases
PrivateSEC. 20.
Consultation
The President may contract or guarantee

foreign loans on behalf of the Republic of
the Philippines with the prior
concurrence of the Monetary Board, and
subject to such limitations as may be
provided
by law. The Monetary Board shall, within

thirty days from the end of every quarter
of the calendar year, submit to the
Congress a complete report of its
decisions on applications for loans to be
contracted or guaranteed by the
Government or government-owned and
controlled corporations which would
have the e ect of increasing the foreign
debt, and containing other matters as
may be provided by law.
SEC. 21.
No treaty or international agreement
shall be valid and e ective unless
concurred in by at least two-thirds of all
the Members of the Senate.
SEC. 22.
The President shall submit to the
Congress within thirty days from the
opening of the regular session, as the
basis of the general appropriations bill, a
budget of expenditures and sources of
financing, including receipts from existing
and proposed revenue measures.
SEC. 23.
The President shall address the Congress
(/)
at the opening of its regular session. He
may also appear before it at any other
time
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7/22/2019 1987, 1973, 1935 Philippines Constitution Compared/ Comparison Matrix

1987, 1973, 1935 PHILIPPINES CONSTITUTION

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Category: Constitutional Law (/law-library/political-and-public-international-law/constitutional-law.html)

What Lurks in Your Cloud?

Preamble Preamble Preamble

ARTICLE I ARTICLE I ARTICLE I

The National Territory The National Territory The National Territory

ARTICLE II ARTICLE II ARTICLE II

to self-determination. The State shall establish, maintain, and

The State shall ensure the autonomy of

opportunities for public service, and

ARTICLE VI ARTICLE VIII ARTICLE VI

SEC. 19. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this

(2)The Congress may, by law, authorize

(3)Charitable institutions, churches and

(2) No public money or property shall be

(3) All money collected on any tax levied

qualified. o icers of the Army from the rank of

the public shall be informed of the state

The President, Vice-President, the

The President shall nominate and, with

The Congress, if not in session, shall,

The Supreme Court may review, in an

The President may contract or guarantee

by law. The Monetary Board shall, within

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