PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Shop and Field Fabrication of Piping

PTS 12.30.05
June 2013

© 2013 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or
by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 2 of 37

FOREWORD

PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across the
PETRONAS group.

Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes all

y
phases of work activities.

nl
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of work,

O
goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where specific
requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the

se
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established standards or
practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.

lU
In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
na
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall ensure
accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering requirement and
er
shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international codes and technical
standards before start of any work.
nt
-I

PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
AS

otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.
N

The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be kept in
O

safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to PETRONAS
that this requirement is met.
TR
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 3 of 37

ANNOUNCEMENT

Please be informed that the entire PTS inventory is currently undergoing transformation exercise from
2013 - 2015 which includes revision to numbering system, format and content. As part of this change,
the PTS numbering system has been revised to 6-digit numbers and drawings, forms and requisition to
7-digit numbers. All newly revised PTS will adopt this new numbering system, and where required make

y
reference to other PTS in its revised numbering to ensure consistency. Users are requested to refer to

nl
PTS 00.01.01 (PTS Index) for mapping between old and revised PTS numbers for clarity. For further

O
inquiries, contact PTS administrator at ptshelpdesk@petronas.com.my

se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 4 of 37

Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 6
1.1 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 DEFINITIONS ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ..................................................................................................... 7
2.0 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION, CERTIFICATION, COLOUR CODING AND TRACEABILITY ....... 8

y
2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 8

nl
2.2 RESPONSIBILITY ................................................................................................................... 8

O
2.3 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION ................................................................................................... 8

se
2.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION .................................................................. 8
2.5 COLOUR CODING OF PIPING BULK MATERIALS ................................................................... 9

lU
2.6 MATERIAL TRACEABILITY ................................................................................................... 11
2.7 na
POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION (PMI) ...................................................................... 12
3.0 PIPE FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION ......................................................... 13
er
3.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................ 13
nt

3.2 SPOOL IDENTIFICATION ..................................................................................................... 13

-I

3.3 PREPARATION .................................................................................................................... 13

3.4 BENDING ............................................................................................................................ 15
AS

3.5 SHIPPING AND PRESERVATION.......................................................................................... 19

N

3.6 ERECTION ........................................................................................................................... 20

O

3.7 TOLERANCES ...................................................................................................................... 20

TR

3.8 CLEANING .......................................................................................................................... 21

3.9 ASSEMBLY OF FLANGED JOINTS ........................................................................................ 21
PE

3.10 FABRICATION OF ORIFICE METER RUNS ............................................................................ 21

4.0 TESTING, EXAMINATION AND INSPECTION ............................................................... 23
4.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................ 23
4.2 INSPECTION PERSONNEL ................................................................................................... 23
4.3 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION ................................................................................... 24
4.4 HARDNESS TESTING ........................................................................................................... 28
4.5 PRESSURE TESTING ............................................................................................................ 29
5.0 DOCUMENTATION.................................................................................................... 30
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 5 of 37

5.1 SHOP DETAIL DRAWINGS................................................................................................... 30

5.2 RECORDS AND REPORTS .................................................................................................... 30
6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... 31
APPENDIX 1: FABRICATION PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION FOR HIGH FREQUENCY INDUCTION
BENDING (HFIB) ................................................................................................................... 33
APPENDIX 2: INSPECTION AND TESTING OF PRODUCTION BENDS PRODUCED BY HIGH
FREQUENCY INDUCTION BENDING (HFIB) ............................................................................. 34

y
APPENDIX 3: WELDING PROCEDURE FOR SOFT-SEATED WELDED VALVES .............................. 35

nl
APPENDIX 4: INSPECTION CLASSES FOR PIPING .................................................................... 36

O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 6 of 37

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This PTS specifies requirements and gives recommendations for shop and field fabrication and
testing of piping according to ASME B31.3 or as specified by Owner.

1.1 SCOPE
1.1.1 This PTS covers the followings:
i. Shop and field fabrication of piping, including testing.
ii. Fabrication of orifice type of metering piping spool.

y
nl
1.1.2 Bending of non-ferrous materials lies outside the scope of this PTS

O
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

se
1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

lU
Refer to PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms & Reading Guide PTS 00.01.03 for
General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations.
na
The term shall(PSR) indicates a process safety requirement.
er
1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms
nt

No Term Definition
-I

1 Hydrogen service Refers to all process conditions with a hydrogen

partial pressure greater than 7 bar (abs).
AS

2 Sour service Means "sour" service and "moderate/high severity

N

wet H2S" service, both of which are defined in PTS

12.30.02.
O
TR

3 Very toxic Substances as defined in PTS 16.00.01

4 Orifice flange An instrumentation metering point requiring

PE

branch points on flanges of piping, called tapping

points with bore holes drilled through the flange
thickness.

5 Tapping point Is the conventional term for instrumentation

branch points on piping systems, either field
fabricated by the piping Contractor or purchased
completely fabricated by Suppliers such as orifice
flanges.

6 Orifice meter run Is the complete fabricated assembly of orifice

 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 7 of 37

No Term Definition
flange and its upstream and downstream piping

7 Inspection personnel Persons involved with the testing, examination and

testing activities.

Table 1: Specific Definition of Terms

y
1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

nl
No Abbreviations Description

O
1 GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

se
2 HAZ Heat Affected Zone

lU
3 HFIB High Frequency Induction Bending

4 ITCS
na
Impact Tested Carbon Steel
er
5 PWHT Post Weld Heat Treatment
nt

6 Q+T Quenched and Tempered

-I

7 PSR Process Safety Requirement

AS

Table 2: Specific Abbreviations

N

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

O
TR

This PTS 12.30.05 replaces PTS 31.38.01.31 (October, 2011) and 61.38.10.10 (January, 2011)
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 8 of 37

2.0 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION, CERTIFICATION, COLOUR CODING AND TRACEABILITY

2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.1.1 This Section provides the minimum supplementary requirements for material certification,
colour coding and material traceability during fabrication and construction.

2.2 RESPONSIBILITY
2.2.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that the requirements stated in this PTS are

y
followed.

nl
2.3 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

O
2.3.1 All welded steel pipes, flanges and fittings, etc. that shall comply with the requirements of PTS

se
12.30.01.

lU
2.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION
2.4.1 The certification is used for the purpose of confirming the specified mechanical, chemical and
na
physical propertied of materials. Material certificates shall comply with ISO 10474 / EN 10204.
As a minimum, the material inspection certification type shall comply with Type 3.1 of ISO 10474
er
/ EN 10204.
nt

i. The language used in material certificates shall be English. Certificates in other

languages are acceptable provided that these are accompanied by an endorsed,
-I

stamped and dated English translation of the original certificate.

AS

ii. Certificates for final products (such as welded fittings) shall include certification of
the base material and a copy of the welding procedure qualification applied. If the
Manufacturer of a semi-finished product and the Supplier of the base material are
N

not the same, the certificate shall consist of two documents covering both stages of
O

the manufacturing process.

TR

iii. All material certificates shall state the following:

PE

a) Name of manufacturer and factory symbol

b) Purchaser order number and date of revision
c) Certificate number and date of issue
d) Material specification in full
e) Dimensions
f) Quantity and/or weight
g) Heat number, charge number or batch number
h) Actual chemical, mechanical and physical properties
i) When applicable, NDT methods applied and results thereof
j) When applicable, heat treatment procedure, furnace charge number of heat
treatment records
k) Supplementary or additional requirements
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 9 of 37

iv. In addition, EN 10204 Type 3.2 shall state:

a) That identification of the material has been verified by the independent

third party inspector
b) That all tests were witnessed by the independent third party inspector
c) Independent third party inspector’s identification symbol
d) Certificate number and date of issue

v. Certificates issued by material stockists or agents are not acceptable.

y
nl
2.5 COLOUR CODING OF PIPING BULK MATERIALS

O
2.5.1 Genaral

se
i. Colour coding of piping bulk materials shall be applied on any project that includes
alloy or special carbon steel systems. Colour coding is one of the QA system tools

lU
intended to maintain material traceability. Colour coding is intended to supplement,
not replace, the normal identification requirements of the specification (for
example, ASME, ASTM, MSS, etc.) to which the pipe and piping components were
na
purchased.
er
ii. The material supplier shall be responsible for the application of colour coding. The
nt

coding shall be checked by the supplier’s QC department before being released for
shipment to site. The paint shall be applied where it is easily visible or as proposed
-I

by the material supplier’s per their standard.

AS

iii. The project organization’s procedure for colour coding shall clearly address the
critical stage where pre-fabricated pipe spools are sent for blasting and painting.
Colour coding is not necessary once the pipe spool is painted. For the spool to be
N

released for painting, all components shall have been welded on and relevant NDE,
O

including PMI shall be complete. The spool is then tracked by the spool tagging
number and isometric
TR

2.5.2 Colour standard

PE

i. BS 381C colour standard shall be used.

ii. Paint shall be resistant to salt water atmosphere and tropical climate, and be
durable and of a distinctive identifying colour. It shall not cause corrosion of the
material to which it is applied, neither during storage and construction, nor during
operation of the equipment.
iii. Paints and markers shall not contain harmful metals or metal salts such as zinc,
aluminum, lead or chlorides, sulphur, or other halogens that may be harmful to the
alloy. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) documentation and paint data sheets shall
be available for review by the designated inspector.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 10 of 37

2.5.3 Method of identification

The following colour codes for Bulk Piping Materials shall be applied.
MATERIAL COLOUR BS 381C
Plain Carbon Steel (pipe, None
flanges, fittings and valves)
Plain Carbon Steel Plate None
Fine Grain Carbon Steel for Yellow 363

y
Low Temperature Service

nl
(All items, including valves)

O
Fine Grain Carbon Steel for Green 262
Low Temperature Services

se
(Valves specified as ASTM A
353-LCC only)

lU
Stainless Steel Type 304 (all None
items, excluding valves) na
Stainless Steel Type 304L (all Red 537
er
items)
Stainless Steel Type 316 (all Brown 320
nt

items, excluding valves)

-I

Stainless Steel Type 316 None

(valves)
AS

Stainless Steel Type 316L (all Blue 166

items, including valves)
N

Ductile Iron (valves) Light Orange 557

O

Bronze (valves) None

TR

ASTM A 193 Grade B7 (Stud White

bolts)
PE

ASTM A 193 Grade B8 (Stud None

bolts)
ASTM A 320 Grade L7 (Stud None
bolts)

Table 3: Colour Codes

 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 11 of 37

2.5.4 Additional notes

i. Paint shall not be applied, in any circumstances, to the following:
a) inside surfaces of pipe, flanges or fittings;
b) threads;
c) weld bevels;
d) symbols or markings which would obliterate identification;
e) gasket seating surface.
ii. Colour codes shall be applied when carbon steel and LT carbon steel are

y
handled concurrently.

nl
2.6 MATERIAL TRACEABILITY

O
2.6.1 Material certification, colour coding, intake inspection, storage and material handout shall(PSR)
be strictly controlled to exclude rogue materials from equipment and plant.

se
2.6.2 The Vendor shall organise its manufacturing process so that material traceability is ensured, in

lU
which case positive alloy material identification after material assembly is not required.
2.6.3 To ensure material traceability the following shall be documented in fully implemented and
na
auditable fabrication and/or construction procedures:
Step 1 Material procurement
er
The purchase order shall specify that the Vendor shall ship the material
nt

certificates together with properly marked materials.

-I

Step 2 Material certification and identification

Upon material receipt the Contractor shall verify that materials are
AS

properly marked and match the certificates.

Step 3 Strict separate material storage based on material grade
N

Following verification, the materials shall be stored by material grade.

O

Step 4 Controlled material issue

TR

Bulk materials required for construction/fabrication purposes shall be supplied

from their storage area by means of a materials issue voucher which clearly
PE

identifies the required material grade and for which construction/fabrication

item it is required.
Step 5 Strict separation of material grades
At the construction/fabrication site materials grades shall be kept strictly
separate and identifiable until such time as the fabricated item is complete and
the likelihood of rogue materials being substituted is minimised.

2.6.4 Positive Material Identification (2.7) of the finished products shall be performed if any of Steps 1
through Steps 5 is not followed completely.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 12 of 37

2.7 POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION (PMI)

2.7.1 If the material traceability or origin of material is in doubt, PMI tests shall be performed on
completed equipment or assembled parts of equipment at such time as to ensure that no
material and construction/ fabrication changes are made.
2.7.2 An approved third party contracted by the Vendor shall carry out PMI. An action plan for
2.7.3 PMI testing shall be submitted by the Vendor for the approval of the Owner.
2.7.4 Any portable X-ray emission analyser with computerised read-out, is acceptable.

y
2.7.5 The Contractor shall ensure that auditable measures of quality assurance are in place to verify

nl
that welds are made with the consumables specified on the WPS, in particular for the root pass

O
of austenitic stainless steel welds. Also, these measures shall ensure that the degree of
oxidation which occurs at the weldments in stainless steel, whether applied as solid material or

se
as cladding, is acceptable in accordance with the criteria given in of PTS 15.12.03, Appendix 1.

lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 13 of 37

3.0 PIPE FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION

3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Piping fabrication, assembly and erection shall conform to the requirements of ASME B31.3, and
also to the requirements included in this specification.
3.1.2 Work shall not be performed when the weather and/or lack of sufficient protection does not
permit satisfactory workmanship or when conditions prevent adequate inspection.
3.1.3 Adequate protection shall be provided to prevent damage from weld spatter, flame cutting

y
droplets etc. to piping and equipment within vicinity

nl
3.1.4 Fabrication by welding shall not be performed on pipes that have laminations on any part of the

O
pipe. Furhter welding external or joint fabrication on spools that are already fabricated and
internally coated shall be prohibited.

se
3.1.5 Welding requirements shall be as per design codes, standards and to PTS 15.12.01. Inspection,

lU
examination and testing of weld joints shall be referred to Section 4 of this document.
3.1.6 The piping fabricator shall be responsible for the accuracy of detailed spool drawings and pipe
na
spool fabrication. Pipe spool drawings shall identify all connected equipment and also
connected piping system.
er
3.2 SPOOL IDENTIFICATION
nt

3.2.1 Spools shall be identified by a detail number comprising of the piping system line number and
-I

spool suffix which must be weatherproof and painted or stenciled in characters at least 50 mm (2
in) high.
AS

3.2.2 Piping systems size DN 40 & below (NPS 1½ and below) shall be identified with stainless
steel weather and tear resistant tags.
N

3.3 PREPARATION
O

3.3.1 Cutting and beveling

TR

i. Weld bevels for butt welds of pipes and fittings shall be in accordance with ASME
B16.25 and ASME B31.3
PE

ii. Other than mechanical means, the following methods shall apply for cutting and
bevelling of pipes:

a) For carbon steel, flame (or arc) cuts shall be reasonably smooth and all
oxides shall be removed from the surface by grinding to bright metal.
b) For low-alloy steel, after flame cutting a minimum of 2 mm of material shall
be removed from the cut surface by grinding.
c) For stainless steel, flame cutting shall not be used but plasma or water
cutting may be used. The surface shall be ground to bright metal after
plasma cutting.
d) Galvanized materials shall be cut using 'cold' cutting methods.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 14 of 37

iii. For stainless steel pipe, the grinding discs and wire brush shall be of the same
material to avoid contamination of the surface by use of carbon steel tools, tools
previously applied on carbon steel equipment or presence of carbon steel particles

iv. Grinding discs for stainless steel shall be resin bonded alumina or silicon carbide.

v. Shop-bevelling of field welds is not required if a make-up length (extra length for
field cutting to size) is provided. In these cases, bevels shall be prepared after

y
cutting the relevant pipe spool to the required length.

nl
vi. Pipe for socket weld joints shall be cut square and burrs removed

O
3.3.2 Assembly of piping components

se
i. Alignment equipment shall be used during fit-up and remain until both the root

lU
pass and hot pass are complete. Attachment welding onto pipe, flanges or fittings is
not allowed.
ii. na
Refer to PTS 12.30.02 for flange misalignment acceptance criteria of misalignment
of flanges.
er
iii. The minimum distance between the edges of two pressure-containing welds shall
be twice the wall thickness of the thicker pressure part or minimum 50 mm,
nt

whichever is higher. The same requirement applies to the distance between non-
-I

pressure attachment welds and a pressure-containing weld in order to allow non-

destructive inspection of the pressure-containing weld. Longitudinal welds in two
AS

adjacent pipes should be 180° apart, but in any case shall be separated by at least
twice the wall thickness of the thicker pipe.
iv. Longitudinal weld shall(PSR) not be located at the bottom of the pipe after
N

installation and should be located at least 45° from the bottom of the pipe.
O

v. Tolerance on radial grooves or scratches on flange faces s h a l l b e i n

TR

a c c o r d a n c e w i t h ASME B16.5, Table 3. Re-facing shall require Owner's

approval. Any refacing that would reduce the flange thickness to less than the
PE

minimum thickness allowed by the relevant code or standard is not permitted.

Edge thickness of flanges shall be verified after re-facing.
vi. Where the spool drawings indicate a "Field Weld" in the pipe, the relevant sections
shall be supplied 200 mm longer (minimum) with plain ends.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 15 of 37

3.4 BENDING
3.4.1 General
i. Bending of pipe spools may be considered as an alternative to using welded elbows,
subject to Owner’s approval. Pipe bending shall comply with ASME B31.3
ii. The Manufacturer shall submit bending, heat treatment and non-destructive
examination procedures to the Owner for acceptance. These procedures shall, as a
minimum, including the following:
a) operating sequence;

y
b) forming process and machinery used;

nl
c) production parameters, which shall at least cover:

O
d) width of heated band;
e) heating rate and method;

se
f) bending temperature range;
g) cooling rate, cooling method and coolant flow rate;

lU
h) production bending speed;
i) method of temperature measurement and recording;
na
j) bend dimensions and tolerance;
k) non-destructive examination procedures;
er
l) post forming;
m) fabrication procedure qualification;
nt

n) production control procedure;

o) calibration of equipment and tolerances.
-I

iii. If the pipe contains a longitudinal weld, this weld shall be located in the neutral
AS

zone of the bend. If the pipe will be installed horizontally, the longitudinaI weld
shall(PSR) be located on the top of the pipe. If one spool is bent in various planes, the
longitudinal weld shall(PSR) be 45° from the top of the pipe.
N

iv. Shop buttwelds shall be located no closer than the smaller of 75 mm (3 in) or
O

half the nominal pipe diameter to the tangent line. Shop buttwelds located the
TR

smaller of 150 mm (6 in) or one nominal pipe diameter to the tangent line shall
require 100% radiographic examination unless the inside diameter is accessible for
visual inspection. The internal access shall allow for inspection of weld joint
PE

mismatch, and shall be sufficient for backgrinding and back-welding, if necessary,

for removal of any weld joint mismatch. This radiographic requirement is in addition
to radiographic requirements required in Appendix 4 of this PTS.
v. Field buttwelds shall be located no closer than the larger of 150 mm (6 in) or one
nominal pipe diameter from the fabricated bend tangent line.
vi. Pipe bending shall be carried out in pipe bending machines or presses using
formers. For pipe bending (except high frequency induction bending), tolerances for
thinning, flattening and wrinkling are specified in (3.7.1).
vii. Heat treatment shall(PSR) be applied as specified in ASME B31.3
viii. Weld repairs of cracks in pipe bends shall(PSR) not be permitted.
ix. Bends intended for use in pipes that require pigging shall be checked for correct
bore and radii to allow the passage of the pig.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 16 of 37

3.4.2 Carbon steels, fine grain carbon steels, 0.3 Mo steels and 0.5 Mo Steels
i. Cold bending

After cold bending, no additional heat treatment is required if the following

requirements are met:
- hardness < 248 HV10;
- Rm > 1.3 x Dn
where

y
nl
Rm is the mean radius of the bend; and

O
Dn is the nominal diameter of the pipe.
If these requirements are not met, the following heat treatment shall be

se
carried out:
- a normalising treatment for normalised steels;

lU
- an austenising quench (oil, water) and temper treatment (Q+T) for
quenched and tempered steels. na
Cold bending shall(PSR) not be used for piping in sodium hydroxide service.
er
NOTE: The above heat treatments may be replaced by a stress relief heat treatment at a temperature above
nt

the post weld heat treatment temperature if it can be shown that there has been no deterioration of the
mechanical and physical properties (e.g. grain growth).
-I

ii. Hot bending

AS

a) If normalised steels are subjected to hot bending between 780 °C to 980

°C, no additional heat treatment is required. If normalised steels are
subjected to bending outside these temperature limits, an additional
N

normalising treatment shall be carried out.

O

b) For Q+T materials, a quench (oil, water) from the austenising temperature
TR

plus a temper heat treatment shall(PSR) be carried out in accordance with

the pipe material specification.
PE

iii. HFIB
a) After HFIB of normalised steel, a normalising heat treatment shall be
carried out unless the bend test defined in (Appendix 1) shows a
normalised structure with a grain size smaller than 6 (as defined in ASTM E
112) and a hardness below 248 HV10

b) For Q+T materials, a quench (oil, water) from the austenising temperature
plus a temper heat treatment shall(PSR) be carried out in accordance with
the pipe material specification.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 17 of 37

iv. Impact Tested Carbon Steels (ITCS)

ITCS shall be welded in a separate area from carbon steel in order to avoid mixing
of pipe materials and electrodes. Colour codes shall be applied when carbon steel,
ITCS and low alloy piping are handled concurrently.
3.4.3 All piping shall be aluminium or aluminium alloy except where an aluminium/stainless steel
transition joint is made to connect aluminium piping to stainless steel piping.
3.4.4 Stainless steel piping

y
i. Cold bending

nl
a) For non-corrosive and general refinery service, no additional heat

O
treatment is required if the deformation is limited to less than 20 % for
austenitic stainless steel or less than 5 % for duplex stainless steel. If the

se
deformation exceeds these values, a final heat-treatment shall(PSR) be
carried out in accordance with the original pipe material specification.

lU
b) For all other services, solution annealing followed by a rapid water quench
na
shall(PSR) be carried out.
er
ii. Hot bending / HFIB
a) For non-stabilised austenitic stainless steel, e.g., grade 304 or grade 316,
nt

hot bending shall(PSR) be carried out in the temperature range of 1050 °C

-I

to 1100 °C (solution annealing) followed by a rapid water quench.

b) For stabilised austenitic stainless steel, e.g., grade 316Ti, grade 321 or
AS

grade 347, hot bending shall (PSR) be carried out at the homogenising
temperature (850 °C to 950 °C) followed by cooling in still air.
Alternatively, a heat treatment in the range between 1050 °C to 1150
N

°C, then lowering the temperature to 950 °C to 1000 °C, followed by

O

cooling in still air, may be applied.

TR

c) For duplex stainless steel, hot bending shall(PSR) be carried out in the
temperature range of 1050 °C to 1150 °C (solution annealing) followed by
a rapid water quench.
PE

d) For HFIB of austenitic and duplex stainless steel, the complete pipe
subjected to bending shall(PSR) be heat treated as specified above for the
various grades, in order to avoid the occurrence of sensitised areas.

iii. Contact with other alloys

a) Stainless steel shall not come in contact with unalloyed or low alloy steels.
Stainless steels shall be fabricated in a separate work area and with tools
to be used only for the fabrication of stainless steels.
b) Contact between stainless steel parts and zinc or zinc-containing parts
(e.g. galvanised shackles, clamps and rollers) shall(PSR) be prevented in
order to prevent possible liquid metal embrittlement in the event of a fire.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 18 of 37

If there is any doubt, the stainless steel shall(PSR) be chemically cleaned

before any further work is carried out.
c) Stainless steel piping (particularly elbows, reducers and tees) coming from
unconditioned storage shall be checked for surface contamination with
chlorides caused by condensation, or covering caps. Stainless steel piping
shall be cleaned by rinsing with low chloride water before painting and
welding.
3.4.5 Inspection

y
i. After bending, the bet system shall be visually inspected. There shall(PSR) be no cracks

nl
or linear indications.
ii. The inspection requirements for HFIB are listed in Appendix 2.

O
se
lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 19 of 37

3.5 SHIPPING AND PRESERVATION

3.5.1 Preparation for shipping shall be witnessed and reported through contractor’s quality assurance
systems.
3.5.2 Painting applications shall comply with PTS 15.20.03
3.5.3 Preservation of piping systems and components shall be in accordance with PTS 15.44.01,
with the following additions:
i. Flanges shall be fitted with flange protectors, including a proven protection
against corrosion for the flange face. Flange protectors in direct contact with flange

y
faces shall not be of a porous (e.g, wood) material

nl
ii. Plain and bevelled pipe ends shall be provided with plastic covers.

O
iii. Threads and other machined surfaces shall not be painted and shall be protected

se
during surface preparation and painting.
iv. Small bore branches and small header attachments shall be adequately braced

lU
or otherwise protected to prevent damage during handling, shipping and storage.
v. Openings in stainless steel pipe spools shall be sealed to prevent water and
na
other foreign materials from entering during transit and storage.
er
vi. Socketweld and threaded ends shall be fitted with taped commercial polyethylene
caps or plugs.
nt

vii. Valves are to be stored in a manner that will prevent dirt and rain from entering the
-I

valve seat and / or body or packing box in order to eliminate the potential for
fouling, corrosion and ice build up. Valves DN 50 (NPS 2) and smaller shall be
AS

stored indoors. Tightly fitting plastic flange covers or plastic plugs are required.
3.5.4 This practice shall be checked during the quality assurance audits.If more than six months is
N

expected between shipment of shop fabricated spools and field erection, flange faces shall be
flash coated with a primer coating.
O

3.5.5 Stainless steel weldments shall be pickled and passivated in accordance with PTS
TR

15.12.03 if specified by the Owner.

PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 20 of 37

3.6 ERECTION
3.6.1 Piping shall be erected and supported in a manner that will not put undue strain on pumps,
compressors, tanks, vessels or other equipment.
3.6.2 The procedure for connection of piping to equipment shall be as follows:
i. After the equipment has been set, the pipe shall be connected to the equipment
without making any tight connections to flanges.
ii. Flanges shall be checked to assure that no undue strain is induced on the

y
equipment. If pipe is not in correct alignment, it shall be removed and corrected.

nl
Alignment corrections shall not be made while the pipe is connected to the
equipment.

O
iii. Connection to rotating equipment shall comply with PTS 12.01.01

se
3.6.3 Piping which has been painted prior to erection shall be handled with care to avoid damage
to coatings. Slings protected with fabric or hose sleeves shall be used for lifting. Rollers shall be

lU
used for lengths that will be pulled over supporting steel.
3.6.4 Flange bolting shall be installed with lubricant compound on the threads and nut faces. No
na
compound or tape shall be applied to flange faces or gaskets.
er
3.6.5 Where threaded pipe joints are used in water services, a thread sealant/lubricant shall be used
on the pipe threads of all connections to ensure the threads are tight. Austenitic stainless steel,
nt

(super) duplex stainless and nickel base alloy threaded piping joints shall contain no copper or
-I

zinc in the thread compound. Only nickel-based lubricants shall be used.

3.7 TOLERANCES
AS

3.7.1 The following tolerances shall apply:

N

i. Length
O

Length < 1.5 m 1.5 m

TR

distance of any two

parallel or crossing
centre
PE

± 1.5 mm ± 3 mm
lines to flange face
Centre
Flange face to flange face
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 21 of 37

ii. Thinning, flattening and wrinkling of bends

a) The wall thickness after bending shall(PSR) be at least that specified by

ASME B31.3, including the specified corrosion allowance.
NOTE: Because pipe schedules have standard thicknesses, in many cases the pipe selected
from a pipe class is thicker than that specified in ASME B31.3.

b) For flattening tolerances, see ASME B31.3.

c) Wrinkling tolerances shall(PSR) be as follows:

y
 all wave shapes shall(PSR) blend into the pipe surface in a gradual

nl
manner;

O
 the maximum vertical height of any wave, measured from the
average height of two adjoining crests to the valley, shall(PSR) not

se
exceed 3 % of the nominal pipe size;

lU
 the minimum ratio of the distance between crests as compared to
the height between crests and the valley in between shall(PSR) be 12
to 1. na
er
iii. Flange face alignment
See PTS 12.30.02
nt

3.8 CLEANING
-I

3.8.1 Fabricated pipe spools shall be cleaned free from weld spatter, scale, grease and dirt
AS

3.9 ASSEMBLY OF FLANGED JOINTS

3.9.1 Kindly refer to appendix 5 for details
N
O

3.10 FABRICATION OF ORIFICE METER RUNS

TR

3.10.1 General
i. Orifice meter runs (complete with the orifice flanges and their upstream and
PE

downstream piping meter runs) in sizes from DN 15 to DN 40 shall be ordered

and supplied as complete items for site installation.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 22 of 37

ii. Orifice f l a n g e s in sizes from DN 50 to DN 300 shall be ordered and

supplied as with the meter runs to be shop/field fabricated in accordance with this
PTS.
iii. Shop and field fabricated orifice meter runs shall be made as a pipe spool
(shown on an isometric drawing). The total straight upstream and
downstream lengths shall be in accordance with latest revision of ISO 5167-1
or as advised by the orifice flange and plate supplier.
iv. The application of orifice meter runs is explained in PTS 14.10.02

y
3.10.2 Selection of pipe and orifice assembly

nl
i. The pipe to be used for fabrication of the orifice meter runs, specified in the

O
piping class and shall comply with the following requirements:
a) The pipe shall be of the required size, schedule and material as specified

se
on the relevant isometric drawing.

lU
b) The pipe shall be visually inspected to verify that is straight and internally
smooth and that there has been no shipping / storage damage or internal
na
corrosion which may have adversely affected its straightness or
smoothness.
er
c) The pipe shall not have any weld joints on the upstream and downstream
length of the orifice meter run.(except for longitudinal seam weld).
nt

ii. The schedule of the orifice flange and the meter run pipe shall be the same.
-I

iii. Bolting and gaskets shall be as specified on the isometric drawing in accordance
with the relevant orifice flange’s class rating.
AS

3.10.3 Fabrication
N

i. The holes for the tapping shall be sharp and free from burs.
O

ii. After welding, the internal transition between flange and pipe shall be
made smooth by carefully grinding away any protruding weld material, without
TR

removing any of the base pipe material.

iii. After fabrication of the orifice meter run, at least two measurements s h a l l be
PE

taken of the inside diameter of the upstream flange. The temperature of the
meter run shall be recorded during the measurement to allow for pipe
expansion compensation due to temperature changes. This information is
required for calibration purposes.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 23 of 37

4.0 TESTING, EXAMINATION AND INSPECTION

4.1 GENERAL
4.1.1 Contractor or the Vendor shall perform all testing and examination. Inspection shall be carried
out before any paint, coating, or lining is applied.
4.1.2 Inspection of welds, as a minimum shall(PSR) be carried out after final heat treatment in
accordance with (Appendix 4). If the piping will be pneumatically tested see PTS
12.02.01 for additional requirements. The testing, examination and inspection methods
and its acceptance criteria shall(PSR) be in accordance with ASME B31.3 or other governing codes

y
and standards as specified by Owner.

nl
O
4.2 INSPECTION PERSONNEL
4.2.1 Qualification of inspection and NDE personnel

se
i. NDE personnel shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements specified in

lU
ASNT SNT-TC-1A, ISO 9712 or EN 473 Level II as a minimum. Other qualifications
are subject of approval by the Owner. Additionally, supervisors responsible for
overseeing and controlling NDE activities shall be Level III qualified.
na
er
ii. All the inspection personnel engaged by the Contractor shall be approved by the
Owner. The Owner reserve the option to interview the inspection personnel and,
nt

when necessary, to require a practical skill test.

-I

4.2.2 Welding inspector

i. Unless otherwise specified, welding inspectors shall be qualified in accordance with:
AS

a) PCN/CSWIP 3.1 Welding Inspector or

b) PCN/CSWIP 3.2 Senior Welding Inspector or
N
O

c) AWS Certified Welding Inspectors

TR

ii. Owner has the right to approve the welding inspectors with the consideration of
the nature of the work involved.
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 24 of 37

4.3 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

4.3.1 General
i. Non-destructive examination procedures, techniques, and defect evaluation
shall(PSR) conform to the requirements of the applicable Code or ASME B31.3, as
supplemented by that specified in Appendix 4.
ii. The NDE Company responsible for the final inspection of welds shall maintain a
quality system in accordance with ISO/IEC 17020, or equivalent that is accredited by

y
a nationally recognised body.

nl
iii. The Contractor shall implement a system for uniquely identifying each weld, for the

O
control and recording of inspections (VT, MT, PT, UT and RT). It is recommended
that isometric

se
iv. Drawings, marked with the individual weld numbers, be maintained for this purpose.
Prior to fabrication start-up, the Contractor shall submit his process for approval by

lU
the Owner.
v. The causes for each identified defect shall be immediately investigated and
na
corrective action shall be taken to prevent further occurrence. The defects shall be
reported with reference to the numbering system according to ISO 6520-1.
er
vi. NDE shall be carried out no sooner than 48 hours following completion of welding
nt

for systems susceptible to hydrogen delay cracking.

-I

vii. All visual inspection of completed welds shall be carried out as soon as practical
after the item has cooled down to ambient temperature.
AS

viii. Where PWHT is required, final non-destructive acceptance testing shall be

performed following completion of the PWHT process, but not before the
N

welds/items have cooled to ambient temperature.

O

ix. The requirement for examination of 10 % of the welds shall mean that 10 %
of the production welds shall be randomly and independently selected throughout
TR

the fabrication period and fully examined. The random selection shall be equally
distributed over all welders and all type of welds, which includes welding
PE

procedure, pipe size, thickness, welding position, etc.

x. If progressive examination of a welder's work is required on the basis of ASME
B31.3, the follow up examinations shall first of all be made on welds made by the
same welding procedure as used to make the defective weld.
xi. In case any defective weld joint is repaired or replaced, reexamined, progressive
sampling shall be followed in accordance to section 341.3.4 (f) of ASME B31.3.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 25 of 37

4.3.2 Visual examination of welded joints

i. All welds shall be visually examined. Visual examination shall be performed in
accordance with the ASME BPV Code, Section V, Article 9. Companies performing
visual inspection activities shall have a quality system in accordance with
ISO 17020 or equivalent.
ii. Visual inspection shall be carried out on all prepared joints prior to welding, during
welding (welder self-checks) and upon completed welds. Verification checks shall
include the internal surface of the weld wherever possible. The visual acceptance of

y
each weld shall be recorded by the Contractor.

nl
iii. Supplementary requirements:

O
a) Visually examination for proper geometry, branch fit-up and weld
penetration of the branch-to-run pipe welds of branch fittings or outlets or

se
of pipe-to-pipe connections. The examinations shall be recorded for each
branch connection.

lU
b) Weld penetration internal examination of the branch-to-run pipe weld
should be made before the rest of the branch p i p i n g connection is made.
na
c) For weld penetration of branch-to-run pipe, recorded visual examination
may be replaced by radiography if the branch pipe connection has a size
er
no greater than DN 150. This radiography shall not be counted in the
nt

number of welds being radiographed if 10 % of the welds are to be

examined.
-I

4.3.3 Radiography (RT)

AS

i. Appendix 4 specifies the percentage of welds to be radiographically examined.

ii. All radiographs taken during fabrication shall be made available for examination
N

by the Owner. Final radiographs for seam welded bulk piping material shall be
approved by the Contractor prior to shipment (for shop fabrication) or prior to
O

acceptance (for field fabrication).

TR

iii. Radiography of welds and of components other than castings shall be performed in
accordance with the ASME BPV Code, Section V, Article 2.
PE

iv. Radiographic acceptance criteria shall(PSR) be in accordance with ASME B31.3, as

follows:
a) 100 % radiography shall be interpreted to 100 % radiography requirements
in accordance with ASME B31.3 para. 344.5.2;
b) 10 % radiography shall be interpreted to random radiography
r e q u i r e m e n t s in accordance with ASME B31.3 para. 344.5.2.
c) For linear indications, acceptance shall be in accordance with ASME BPV
Code, Section VIII, Division 1, UW-51;
d) For rounded indications, acceptance shall be in accordance with ASME
BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 1, and Appendix 4.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 26 of 37

v. Film quality requirements shall be as follows:

a) fine grain film (Class II) for x-ray;
b) ultra-fine grain film (Class I) for gamma ray;
vi. An Image Quality Indicator (IQI) with sensitivity better than 2 % shall be achieved
by means of source side location of the IQI. Where access only allows the use of
film side IQI, the technique shall be proved by means of a representative sample
with IQI set source side and film side.
vii. Contour grinding of welds on the outside surface shall be performed to the extent

y
that clarity of the radiographic examination is maintained.

nl
viii. Geometry, branch fit-up and weld penetration of branch connections with a branch

O
fitting or outlet or pipe-to-pipe connections shall be properly controlled.

se
4.3.4 Ultrasonic examination (UT)
i. Ultrasonic examination may replace radiography in accordance with ASME B31.3,

lU
para. 341.4.1. If ultrasonic examination is applied, automated computer
enhanced data acquisition is required to obtain a permanent record of the full
na
weld to demonstrate the absence, or not, of linear type discontinuities with
amplitudes exceeding the reference level.
er
ii. Ultrasonic examination of welds shall be carried out where the material properties
nt

allow in accordance with ASME BPV Code, Section V, Article 5.

-I

iii. Ultrasonic examination is limited by the local geometry near the welds. The use of
ultrasonic examination shall not affect the random and independent selection of
the welds for examination. On branches, O-lets and similar geometry’s, scanning
AS

from the internal surface shall be carried out if practicable.

iv. Acceptance criteria for ultrasonic examination shall be in accordance with ASME
N

BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 12 or as agreed with the Owner for
O

non-ferritic materials.
TR

4.3.5 Liquid penetrant examination (PT) or magnetic particle examination (MT)

i. All welds shall be fully examined by either one of this examination.
PE

ii. Liquid penetrant and magnetic particle examination of welds shall include all
accessible weld surfaces and a band of base metal at least 10 mm wide on each side
of the weld.
iii. Liquid penetrant materials shall meet the requirements for sulphur and halogen
content of ASME V, Article 6, Paragraph T-644, regardless of the type of material to
be examined.
iv. Magnetic particle examination of welds shall be carried out in accordance with
ASME BPV Code, Section V, Article 7.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 27 of 37

v. Contour grinding of welds on the outside surface shall be performed to the

extent that clarity of the liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examination is
maintained.
vi. Acceptance criteria for magnetic particle examination shall be in accordance with
ASME BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 6.
vii. Acceptance criteria for liquid penetrant examination shall be in accordance with
ASME BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 8.
4.3.6 Ferrite Number (FN) measurement

y
i. The Ferrite Number of the deposited weld metal shall be as follows:

nl
a) All austenitic stainless steel shop and field welds shall be in the range 3 FN

O
to 8 FN.

se
b) For (super) duplex stainless steel the FN shall be in the range of 40% - 60%
for parent metal and HAZ, and in the range for 30% -60% for the weld

lU
metal.
ii. Ferrite Numbers shall be measured in accordance with ISO 8249.
na
iii. Extent of examination shall be as follows:
er
a) 10% of weld joints for austenitic stainless steel
nt

b) 100% for super duplex and duplex stainless steels

-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 28 of 37

4.4 HARDNESS TESTING

4.4.1 General
i. Hardness test shall be included in the welding procedure qualification (see 4.4.2).
ii. For production welds extent of examination shall be as follows:
a) 100% for dissimilar metal weld joints
b) 100% for weld joints requiring PWHT

y
c) 100% for category M fluid service per ASME B31.3

nl
d) 5% for NACE certified materials for sour service

O
e) stainless steel and nickel alloy not required

se
iii. Those welds shall(PSR) be hardness tested as follows:
a) At least one reading per weld shall(PSR) be taken on piping of size DN 100 and

lU
smaller;
b) At least two readings per weld shall(PSR) be taken on piping of size DN 150
na
through DN 300;
c) At least one reading every 400 mm of weld length shall(PSR) be taken on
er
piping over size DN 300.
nt

iv. The highest hardness for each weld shall be recorded on the spool sheets for
-I

the Owner review and record.

v. The hardness shall(PSR) not exceed 248 HV10 unless ASME B31.3 table 331.1.1
AS

specifies a lower hardness limit. Brinell hardness limits in ASME B31.3 may be
converted to Vickers hardness using ASTM E 140.
N

vi. Hardness requirements for (super) duplex stainless steel shall be compliant
O

with ASTM A790 for any environment.

TR

4.4.2 Hardness measurement method

PE

i. Hardness measurements for welding procedure qualification shall be performed by

the Vickers method, with hardness traverses in accordance with EN 1043-1.
ii. Transverse weld hardness testing of production welds shall be carried out by means
of a portable Vickers or Rockwell tester in accordance with ASTM E 110. For each
set of hardness measurements required, the average and maximum of three
measurements on the weld and on each HAZ shall be performed.
iii. Hardness measurements shall be carried out after PWHT where applicable.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 29 of 37

4.5 PRESSURE TESTING

4.5.1 All piping shall be pressure tested in accordance to its relevant design and construction
Codes before installation of insulation, or initial operation.
4.5.2 Pressure testing may be performed on fully painted piping spools (including welds) in
accordance with the relevant section of ASME B31.3 for the following conditions:
i. the welds consist of at least two layers (root and fill run) for stainless steels, and
three layers for all other materials, in accordance with a Welding Procedure
Specification qualified for the application;

y
nl
ii. the test is not considered to be a sensitive leak test in accordance with ASME B31.3;

O
iii. the piping spool has been fully inspected (visual examination, non-
destructive examination and positive material identification, where specified) and

se
released for pressure test.
4.5.3 Test pressures shall be as indicated on the isometric drawings.

lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 30 of 37

5.0 DOCUMENTATION

5.1 SHOP DETAIL DRAWINGS

5.1.1 All shop detail drawings shall show the spool number, materials, dimensions, fabrication details
and the applicable code and procedures and shall be made available by Contractor prior to
commencement of fabrication.
5.1.2 Each spool may be detailed on a separate sheet.
5.1.3 The Contractor shall prepare a complete index of all piping spool drawings, referencing each

y
piping spool drawing to the piping drawings from which it was prepared. Location of field welds

nl
between shop-fabricated spool pieces shall be shown on the piping isometric drawings.

O
se
5.2 RECORDS AND REPORTS

lU
5.2.1 The following records, fully identified with the specific material or part of the piping
presented, shall be available as a minimum for reference or examination by the Owner.
5.2.2
na
Certificates confirming that all the quality control requirements of the applicable code and of
the engineering design have been met.
er
i. Pyrometer charts and records of heat treatment
nt

ii. Radiographic films, material test reports (MTR’s) and radiograph examination reports
-I

/logs.
iii. Results of magnetic particle and liquid penetrant examinations.
AS

iv. Charts or other records of hydrostatic, pneumatic and hardness tests.

v. Results of any other supplemental types of examination, test or analysis specified.
N

vi. Welding related documents:

O

a) Welding procedure specifications (WPS) and applicable procedure

TR

qualification records (PQR). Operator welding qualifications test results.

b) Weld repair procedures
PE

vii. Weld maps and log of identification symbols of the welders or welding operators.
viii. Shop detail drawings
ix. Positive material identification records.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 31 of 37

6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this PTS, reference is made to the following other Standards/Publication. Unless specifically
designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01

y
PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms & PTS 00.01.03

nl
Reading Guide

O
Definition of temperature, pressure and toxicity PTS 16.50.01
levels

se
Metallic materials – selected standards PTS 15.01.01

lU
Metallic materials – prevention of brittle fracture PTS 15.10.01
Oxidation of stainless steel weldments PTS 15.12.03
Protective Coatings and Lining
na PTS 15.20.02
er
Piping – general requirements . PTS 12.30.02
Field inspection prior to commissioning of PTS 12.02.01
nt

mechanical equipment
-I

The preservation of old and new equipment and PTS 15.44.01

piping standing idle
AS

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
N
O

Steel and steel products – Inspection documents ISO 10474

Issued by:
TR

International Organization for Standardization

Case Postale 56
Geneva, Switzerland CH-1211
PE

AMERICAN STANDARDS

Forged fittings, socket-welded and threaded ASME B16.11

Buttwelding ends ASME B16.25
Factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings ASME B16.9
Process piping ASME B31.3
Standard specification for alloy-steel and stainless ASTM A 193
steel bolting materials for high-temperature service
Standard specification for alloy/steel bolting ASTM A 320
materials for low-temperature service
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 32 of 37

Standard specification for pressure vessel plates, ASTM A 353

alloy steel, 9-percent nickel, double-normalized and
tempered
Standard test method for indentation hardness of ASTM E 110
metallic materials by portable hardness testers
Standard test methods for determining average ASTM E 112
grain size
Standard hardness conversion tables for metals ASTM E 140
relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickers

y
hardness, Rockwell hardness, superficial hardness,

nl
Knoop hardness, and scleroscope hardness
Standard test method for liquid penetrant ASTM E 165

O
examination

se
Standard guide for magnetic particle ASTM E 709
examination

lU
BRITISH STANDARDS na
Specification for colours for identification, coding BS 381C
and special purposes
er
Issued by:
British Standards Institution
nt

389 Chiswick High Road

London, United Kingdom W4 4AL
-I

EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials EN 1043-1
AS

- Hardness testing – Part 1: Hardness test on

arc welded joints
N

Metallic products – types of inspection documents EN 10204

O

Issued by:
TR

European Committee for Standardization

Rue De Stassart 36
Bruxelles, Belgium B-1050
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 33 of 37

APPENDIX 1: FABRICATION PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION FOR HIGH FREQUENCY INDUCTION

BENDING (HFIB)

The Contractor and the laboratory in which the tests are to be performed shall be subject to
approval by the Principal. The Contractor shall submit a detailed sketch indicating the location
of all test specimens for approval by the Principal.
For all materials, at least two test bends per material type shall be prepared, one with the
smallest outside diameter and wall thickness, and one with the largest diameter and wall
thickness. For low-alloy steel, two test bends on these sizes shall be prepared for each

y
heat.

nl
Qualification shall include all mechanical testing and all non-destructive examinations as

O
specified by the material specification. In addition, for the smallest low-alloy steel qualification
test bend, an additional microstructure examination shall be carried out to verify the absence

se
of micro-fissures.
There shall be no repair welding of test bends.

lU
na
er
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 34 of 37

APPENDIX 2: INSPECTION AND TESTING OF PRODUCTION BENDS PRODUCED BY HIGH

FREQUENCY INDUCTION BENDING (HFIB)

Each production bend shall(PSR) be subjected to the following inspection and testing after
bending and heat treatment:
i. Dimensional checking for ovality, angle, etc. in accordance with ASME B16.9.
ii. Visual inspection of the external surface including bevels and, where possible,
the internal surface.
iii. The surface of bends shall(PSR) be free of the defects listed below:
a) any crack or suspected crack;
b) any limitation, lap or dent;

y
c) any excessive wrinkles as defined in (3.7.1).

nl
O
For one bend of each production run, i.e., bending machine operating with same pipe size,
wall thickness and material, and with all bending parameters within specified limits, the

se
following tests shall be performed:

lU
i. An ultrasonic wall thickness measurement on the complete outer and inner
radius of each bend shall be carried out to ensure that the wall thicknesses are
within the required tolerances. Minimum and maximum values shall be recorded.
na
ii. Complete outside and (where accessible) inside magnetic particle examination
er
to ASTM E 709 for carbon steel and low alloy steel. There shall(PSR) be no linear
indications. The method used and the results shall be shown on the material
nt

certificate.
-I

iii. Complete outside and (where accessible) inside liquid penetrant surface
examination to ASTM E 165 for stainless steel bends. There shall(PSR) be no linear
AS

indications longer than 2 mm. The method used and the results shall be
shown on the material certificate.
N

iv. Hardness tests shall(PSR) be performed at 1/6, 1/2 and 5/6 of the bend angle on the
O

outside surface with four measurements at each location, including the inner and
TR

outer radius and the neutral axis. Where possible, the same measurements shall
also be taken on the inside surface of the bend.
PE

The hardness values shall be as specified in this PTS. The results shall be shown on the
material certificate.

HYDROSTATIC TESTING
Hydrostatic pressure testing is not required prior to installation. The Contractor shall,
however, certify that each delivered bend is capable of passing a hydrostatic test at the test
pressure at which the original pipe has already been tested in the pipe mill. Hydrostatic
testing of piping systems or spools including bends shall be carried out after installation at
site.
 PTS 12.30.05
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING June 2013
Page 35 of 37

APPENDIX 3: WELDING PROCEDURE FOR SOFT-SEATED WELDED VALVES

The welding of such valves shall(PSR) comply with all applicable code requirements as regards
quality and strength; however, the heat input shall not be so excessive as to damage the soft
seats and distort the bodies of these valves.

SOCKET WELD SMALL BORE VALVES:

The welding process to be used shall(PSR) be shielded metal arc, metal inert gas or gas metal
arc (which should be the lower heat input high deposition (dip transfer) processes). Gas

y
welding shall not be used because of its excessive heat input.

nl
During welding of the valve, the closure member shall be in the open position.

O
The pipe shall(PSR) be correctly located and aligned in the valve socket with a clearance of
approximately 1.6 mm between the end of the pipe and the bottom of the socket.

se
The first run of weld metal shall be deposited around the pipe. Additional runs, as required,

lU
shall be deposited while ensuring that each run of weld metal is cleaned and any visible
defects are removed before further weld metal is deposited. For a detailed welding
configuration, see ASME B31.3. na
er
BUTT WELDED VALVES:
For butt-welded valves, the Manufacturer's specification and limitations shall be followed.
nt
-I
AS
N
O
TR
PE
 PTS 12.30.05
June 2013
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING
Page 36 of 37

APPENDIX 4: INSPECTION CLASSES FOR PIPING

MAG

y
MATERIAL CLASS SERVICE ASME RADIO7), 8) PART DP HARDNESS PMI

nl
RATING / UT

O
CLASS

se
Process – Hydrogen, Very Toxic
A Substances5), LPG Temp < 0 °C All Ratings 100 % 2), 3), 7) 1) N/A

lU
9), 10), 11) 6)
Carbon & Carbon
Manganese Steels, Process – Hydrogen + Sulphur
B Compounds, LPG Temp > 0 °C, 150,300, 600

na
including 0.3 10 % 1)
& 0.5 Caustic & Sulphuric Acid N/A 9), 10), 11) 6)

Molybdenum

er
Process – All Services & Utilities 150, 300, 600
Steels C (other than A or B) Random4) 1) N/A 9), 10) 6)

nt
D Process – All Services & Utilities > 600 100 % 2), 7) 1) N/A

-I
9), 10) 6)

Low Chromium – E All Services N/A 6)

All Ratings 100 % 2), 7) 100 % 100 % 9),
AS
Molybdenum Steels 11)
(Ferritic Alloys)
F Low Pressure
N

Austenitic Stainless
Steels Service, T < 400 °C, (Except 150, 300 10 % N/A 1), 3) N/A 6)
O

Hydrogen & Very Toxic Substances5))

TR

G Hydrogen, Very Toxic Substances 5),

Low Temperature All 100 % 7) N/A 1), 3) N/A 6)
& All Services other than F
PE

Ratings
Nickel & Nickel Alloys,
including 5 % All
H All Services 100 % N/A 1), 3) N/A 6)
& 9 % Nickel Steels Ratings
 PTS 12.30.05
June 2013
SHOP AND FIELD FABRICATION OF PIPING
Page 37 of 37

MAG
MATERIAL CLASS SERVICE ASME RADIO7), 8) PART DP HARDNESS PMI
RATING / UT

y
nl
CLASS

O
Dissimilar Metal
I All Services All 100 % 100 % 100 %
Weldments

se
9), 10), 11) 6)
Ratings
Notes:

lU
1) All branch welds with through weld thicknesses > 25 mm shall be crack detected.

na
2) Ultrasonic examination may be applied if the configuration precludes radiography and the pipe diameter > DN 100 and the nominal wall thickness > 10 mm.

3) In the case of fillet, socket or reinforcement attached welds, radiography shall be replaced by magnetic particle inspection or dye penetrant inspection.

er
4) The indicated minimum percentage of welds to be radiographed over the completed circumference shall cover all welders at least once every week.

nt
5) Hydrogen service and Very Toxic substances are defined in (1.3.2).

-I
6) Positive Metal Identification (PMI) shall be carried out on all ferritic alloy steel welds and component parts, including 0.3 and 0.5 Mo steels, if any of Steps 1 through Steps 5 in (2.6)
is not followed completely.
AS
7) All nozzle/branch connections, including small nipples, shall be radiographed.

8) Film quality requirements:

N

i. fine grain film (Class II) for x-ray;

O

ii. ultrafine grain film (Class I) for gamma ray;

iii. An Image Quality Indicator (IQI) with sensitivity better than 2 % shall be achieved by means of source side location of the IQI. Where access only allows the use of film side
TR

IQI, the technique shall be proved by means of a representative sample with IQI set source side and film side.
9) See (4.4) for hardness requirements.
PE

10) Hardness reading may be required depending on the tensile strength of the material involved.

11) Refer to PTS 15.12.01 for welding heat treatment requirements.