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Introduction to
Rock Physics
by
Gary Mavko
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
Contents
Introduction 1
Basic Geophysical Concepts 14
Continuum Mechanics 26
Porosity 71
Conceptual Overview of Factors Impacting Velocities 73
Effective Medium Models 113
Shaley Sand; Velocity-Porosity Relations 164
Sand Models 203
Fluid Flow and Permeability 215
Velocity Dispersion and Q 229
Partial Saturation 261
Patchy Flow Simulation 270
Upscaling 288
Vp/Vs - Rock Physics of AVO 302
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
Water
Blangy, 1992
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
4.5
4
VpVp(km/s)
(km/s)
2.5
Imbibition
Imbibition, Fine Scale
SwSw(fraction)
(fraction)
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
Prediction based on
upscaled flow simulator
are poor
∆ RMS Amp (Mid)
Observed
from field
seismic
•Downscaled
Saturations
•Increasing
Patchiness
•Decreasing total
gas thickness
∆ RMS Amp (Near)
Courtesy Madhumita Sengupta
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
Gas: smaller
azimuthal AVO
than water!
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
Water-filled Fractures
in Cap Rock
Gas-filled Fractures
in Reservoir
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
Rock Physics
Discover, understand relations
between
1. Seismic Attributes:
•Velocity
•Impedance
•Reflectivity
•AVO
•Attenuation
•Etc.
Why?
•Quantify Seismic Interpretation
•Understand the links between geology & seismic
•Make smarter extrapolations
•Quantify uncertainty
•Understand, Minimize Interpretation Risk
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
Petrophysics:
• interpretation of logs for formation
evaluation.
• similar to rock physics, with emphasis on
well logs, and often ignoring sonic logs and
seismic
Rock Mechanics:
• Emphasis on stress, faulting, fracture
processes
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Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko
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