CHAPTER 2: REVIEW IN RELATED LITERATURE

The first theoretical basis or a review of related

literature of this research is determining some factors

affecting non-reader pupils and its implication towards the

teaching performance of a teacher. Non-readers are those pupils

that cannot read. Reading is essential to a person’s life,

especially to a child as this serves as key to wisdom and

unlocks the gateway of imagination, pleasures and glimpse of

the world. Reading failure is a serious national problem. From

Brozo cited by Conde; the problems of schools, the growth of

poverty, and loss of family values show some association of

poor reading. According to Juan Miguel Cruz(2007). From

research of the reading profile of children of Philippines, he

said “ despite our supposedly high literacy rate, many

Filipinos can barely read and write especially those living in

the remote areas as well as the slum areas of the country.

Learning style is one factor affects learning especially

those non-reader pupils. Learning style is the method that best

allows you to gather and use knowledge in a specific manner.

According to Lucas and Corpuz (2007), learning or thinking

styles refer to the preferred way of individual processes

information and also describe a person’s typical mode of

thinking, remembering or problem solving. Merisuo-storm (2006),

states that “ students are very different as readers, and they

are motivated to read different books and text. All pupils

have different learning style in reading and different attitude

too towards reading. Attitude and motivation are valuable

constructs as they reveal information pertinent to pedagogy, as

well as institutional development(Dorryei, 2003). Goldenberg,

Rueda and August ( 2008) concerned this by stating that

attitudes and motivation along with other affective and

cognitive processes, would determine learning process.

Studies have also shown that another factor of those non-

readers are their family background and/ or family status. It

shown that parents can play an important role in supporting

their children’s academic achievements, even if parents are

unable to assist their children with a specific area and skill,

they can still play a vital role by encouraging students

feeling of competence and control and positive attitudes

towards academic, according to ( review of the research

literature on families and school motivation by Grolnick, and

Belles (2009). According to CEP report that student

motivation, family background, and parent involvement affect

student motivation in school. Numerous research study have

explored possible explanations for achievement gaps and way to

narrow them. Studies by Duncan and Magnuson (2005) have

concluded that various dimensions of socio-economic status-

including household income and cumulative wealth, parent’s

educational attainment, parenting skills, and family structure

could affect the learning of the student. And this is also

identified as family risk factors include family history of

reading problems. It is important to bear in mind that family

pattern of reading problems can be attributed either to shared

genetic or to shared environmental factors

(www.readingrockets.org/article/reading).

Based on the gender of the pupils. Boys and girls

demonstrate very different attitude towards reading, some of

which maybe because of the different reading preferences that

each gender possesses. Because of these differences, it is

important to understand how boys and girls select the books

based on their interest and abilities, which in return can

motivate them to become a reader and a better readers. ”Many

teachers are facing a challenge like us.” Dr. Maria Walther

said. A first grade teacher and author who has been honoured as

the Illinois Reading Educator offers some advice about this

challenges of a teacher. First is Read aloud and engage

collaborative conversations, second is guide readers

individually and small groups and last provide students with

ample time.

As a researcher to this study, i analyzed that some non-

readers have different factors behind why they are poor

performance in school especially academic performance and also

in reading skills. The teachers need to have enough patient to

teach those non-reader pupil to become a reader. Teacher should

know the different background of the pupils and other factors

so that they can established some activities that suit to them.

Yes, it is stressful in the part of a teacher but it is the

duty of a teacher to teach, and also to guide and to lead

them to the right way of learning. Non-reader pupils may affect

the performance of the teacher concern. On the other hand, if

those factors will be managed and implemented correctly to the

pupils it will help a lot for them to become a competitive

student thus, it boost the performance and dignity of the

teachers as well. Meaning Our effectiveness in teaching depends

on the result of the performance of the students in school.