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12 WHO WHAT WHY WHEN WHERE ● ● ● ●
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THE HINDU
NOIDA/DELHI
The majority mark has always eluded undisputed leader of the Garo Hills, ar ethnic and subregional dierences that down from the post ve months later af Congress who joined an upbeat Bharati
WHO
Pp q
Q political parties in Meghalaya, except in
1972 — the year of its statehood — when
guably the power centre. made fractured verdicts a rule since the
Assembly elections that year.
ter police ring killed ve persons at
Williamnagar in East Garo Hills district.
ya Janata Party, whose presence in the
State has been minimal so far.
the All Party Hill Leaders’ Conference Why did he join politics? The compulsions of coalition saw Dr. Dr. Sangma became the Deputy Chief The BJP, though, is seen as less of a
bagged 32 seats. All that a young Dr. Sangma wanted to Sangma, an Independent, being made Minister again in 2009, but dissidence rival than the regional National People’s
Mukul The regional party merged with the
Congress six years later, but it made the
be was a doctor. Born to teachers Binoy
Bhushan M. Marak and Roshanara Be
chairman of the Meghalaya Transport
Corporation in 1993. He soon joined the
in the Congress saw him replace Mr. La
pang as Chief Minister halfway through
Party (NPP), founded by P.A. Sangma
and commandeered by his son Conrad.
Congress strong enough to be the single gum at Ampatigiri, now the headquar Congress, which saw in him a the term. The NPP, allegedly helped by the BJP, is
Sangma, largest party in the eight Assembly elec
tions since.
ters of South West Garo Hills district, he
graduated in medicine from the Region
leader who could rival
the grip P.A. Sangma
Dr. Lapang weathered several coup
attempts and fended o allegations of
trying to wrest back the Garo Hills from
Dr. Sangma, besides expanding its base
With 29 seats of a maximum of 60, al Institute of Medical Sciences in Im had on the Garo scams to become the second Chief to the Khasi and Jaintia Hills, compris
a doctor and the Congress registered its best perfor
mance in 2013. And it helped Chief Mi
phal, capital of Manipur. He joined the
Zikzak Public Health Centre as a medi
Hills.
He lost to P.A.
Minister after Salseng C. Marak
(19931998) to complete a term
ing 36 of the 60 Assembly seats.
This is the rst Assembly election af
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Tamil Nadu, the text of the judgment re
#4 4 6 6 0 1
In its verdict, the court said Bengalu
impact other veals several new strands for interpreta
tion that may complicate disputes over
ru, being a large urbanised agglomera
tion, had the right to be able to reliably
What’s next for the tribunals?
■ The Centre has presented a Bill in the
Lok Sabha to subsume all tribunals un
How would these aect other disputes?
arid regions in the south. However, sev
eral parts of Haryana are far more ur
banised and therefore have greater wa
der one. This is because, it says, tribu
nals are tardy and composed entirely of
members of the judiciary. A new setup
ter Tribunal. However, the court also groundwater that had not been ac ■ It could also well be the last tribunal ter needs and Punjab, merely by its that will have nonjudicial experts can
reiterated that the Central government counted for in watersharing pacts, and constituted under the existing structure geographical location, could not have a mean that conicts over equitable wa
must form a Cauvery Management this too needed to be included in calcu of the InterState Water Disputes Act. natural right to the RaviBeas. While the tersharing will no longer be solely
Board to implement a mechanism to en lations. Take the case of the disagreement bet States are still locked in disputes in looked at from a legal viewpoint, but it
sure that water is shared fairly among all Modern watermanagement princi ween Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan courts, this lack of historical rights — will give more weight to ecological con
States. ples put a premium on ensuring that over the sharing of the RaviBeas river bolstered by the Cauvery ruling — could cepts such as the water basin’s capacity,
groundwater resources are not overex system. In 2004, Punjab unilaterally ter mount more pressure on Punjab to environmental ows and groundwater
What do these arguments mean? ploited, particularly because experts minated a historic agreement. Haryana keep its side of the bargain. On the oth management.
■ One is that water cannot “belong” to a have warned that India’s water wars demanded water from Punjab on the er hand, several parts of Punjab are
particular State. States have frequently may stem from inadequate recharge of a grounds that it needed water for the among the most overexploited ground JACOB KOSHY
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19 Monday, progovernment forces carried
out repeated raids on Eastern Ghouta, a
suburb of the capital Damascus. Human
rights organisations said more than 400
February 2018 people were killed and the toll could
mount. The UNICEF issued a blank
“statement” on Tuesday to express its
outrage at the deaths of so many
children. “No words will do justice to the
children killed, their mothers, their
fathers and their loved ones,” the
release from UNICEF’s regional director
Geert Cappalaere began. There followed
10 empty lines with quote marks
indicating missing text, and an
explanatory footnote. “UNICEF is
issuing this blank statement. We no
longer have the words to describe
children’s suering and our outrage,” it
said. Pictures show wounded Syrian
children at makeshift hospitals in the
besieged enclave. AFP *
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Projecting itself as the land of ‘Unlimit rectly or indirectly. Under the 201819 October last year, amid a controversy sites, with 1,240 crore allocated for
WHERE
Pp q
Q ed Possibilities,’ Uttar Pradesh has
launched a tourism policy aimed at in
budget, 70 crore was allotted for the
implementation of the new tourism
over the omission of the monument
from a tourism booklet, the government
Swadesh Darshan Yojana through the
Ramayana, Buddha and Krishna Cir
creasing the footfalls of domestic visi policy. said it had allotted 370 crore for a tou cuits in Ayodhya, Varanasi and Mathura.
tors by 15% and foreign tourists by 10%. rism development scheme for Agra, of Besides being an artefact of un
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AFP
not jealous of a roll of toilet paper, or in ing pally with Mick and the band. Was I celebrityhood is hardly the worst crime. next to Begim No.3, I can’t help feeling
the same way that a cellist is not jealous desperate to be known as ‘Im the Dim’ But then there was the whole political an odd frisson of satisfaction. Gone are
of an actuary. No matter that the actu by my Oxford cohort, including Benazir more than it should have. Later, one cricketer gave us the gifts of Wasim Ak party thing, Khan’s discovery of a reac the playboy days. This is a man who’s
ary might be earning a lot more than the Bhutto? Nah, I suspect I would have realised that this ball swung both ways ram and InzamamulHaq. The gift of tionary Islam, his aligning with the most saying, ‘The women in my family can
cellist. No matter how goodlooking the passed on that one. and the India factor was as nasty for Khan’s retirement in ’92 continued giv regressive forces in his country, the mis show their faces if they want, but that’s
toilet paper roll might have been when them as the Pakistan factor was for us. ing — shortly afterwards, the two nasties ogynist, homophobic mullahs, the Tali not what my wife will do’. When, in
it was freshly unwrapped as opposed to Irritation and admiration The admiration was for the oneman who hated Im, Javed Miandad and Sa ban, and sections of the army. It was al some Facebook memes of the Khan
the now stained and dented coee mak Rather than inciting jealousy or envy, command Khan assumed of Pakistani leem Malik, also met their sad and hu most as if Khan needed to bowl beamers wedding photo, I see the face of Nawaz
er. The point is that Khan and I did and what Khan as a cricketer brought out in cricket, where everyone from Zia the miliating end. With the departure of at his former self, or maybe this was just Sharif or Amit Shah faintly showing
do dierent things. Yes, of course, had an Indian fan like me was a mix of irrita Dictator to talented mofussil boy Khan, Miandad and Malik, it was as if a the ip side of the egomaniacal coin, through the red burkha (the text says:
things gone according to my teenage tion and admiration. The irritation was danced to Khan’s ishara. It was feudal switch had been icked: one began to everything was still about Imself, only ‘Since we don’t know what Mrs. Khan
plans, I would have ended up facing that Indians were good enough not to and regressive but it was eective, and appreciate our brothers from across the with a plastic piety sprayed on. looks like, she could look like anyone’),
Khan right after he’d got one of our fall apart even in the face of Khan’s tre painful to watch in comparison with the border when they skewered some gora Recently, women friends on Face my sense of deep antienvy is complete.
opening batsmen, with or without the mendous bowling talents, it’s just that periodic Byzantine squabbles Indian team with their (hitherto invisible) ta book went ‘ooh’ and ‘aah’ about their No, not for a second would I want to be
help of a patriotic Pakistani umpire. the Pakistani angle got to our players cricket threw up at the top. Khan the lent, air and fearless panache. old lusting after Imran 1.0, even as they Imran Khan.
is Editor, The Hindu BusinessLine ice, and the amounts given by truck is Ideas Editor, The Hindu
drivers to policemen in total. A compa Being free
In the wake of the Punjab National rison with other Ghana government For those of us who puzzled over the In contrast to Ferrante’s sparse revela
Bank scam, some old arguments have servants found that in total, better extraordinary power of the Italian wri tions about her real self, Zadie Smith’s
once again resurfaced. The rst one is paid policemen were taking just as ma ter Elena Ferrante’s Neapolitan series, essays assume background knowledge
that unless wages and compensation so, he suggested that less developed ny bribes as their poorer paid counter an exploration of a friendship over about the cartwheels she’s performed
are improved drastically in public sec countries, where corruption is per parts in other departments. Corrup time in four novels, her new avatar is while evolving as a novelist. Since the
tor banks (PSBs), incidents like these ceived to be more pervasive, would be tion in neighbouring Burkina Faso, as fascinating as it is intriguing. Fer time this JamaicanBritish writer sent
will continue to recur. The second ar net the most by looking at these op which paid its employees less than rante now writes a weekend column in out fragments of White Teeth into the
The Guardian. She’s only a few co world while still at university, and in
AP
Keerthik Sasidharan
is a writer and lives in New York City Clocks’. over societies, etc. became more preva another. However, implicit in this un
lent. However, the dynamics of how derstanding, as the historian Dipesh
On December 1, 1881, the British gover Organising society time inveigles itself into social imagina Chakrabarty noted, is that if we are all
nor of Bombay, James Fergusson, in That time itself has a history has a coun tion began to make a comeback in the swimming in the same river of time,
formed the residents of that city that terintuitive ring to it. But, when a well Englishspeaking world thanks, in part, some of us will need to be represented
from that day onwards, “Madras time worn cliché such as ‘India is a country to the great historian Benedict Ander as ‘ahead’ and some ‘behind’. Those left
shall be kept in all oces under the con where dierent centuries coexist’ is em son’s landmark work Imagined Com ‘behind’, like India, he notes, are in turn
trol of Government and shall be held to ployed by many Indians and foreigners, munities. Anderson noted that the rise described as having failed to “keep an
be the ocial time for all purposes.” Ma liberals and conservatives, what they strong and weak commitments towards secular West, Indian selfrepresenta and proliferation of modernity was appointment with its destiny” and thus
dras time was about 40 minutes ahead are doing is presenting a mental model dierent social institutions that arose in tions relies on memories — call it culture marked by the transition from “a medie forever condemned to playing catch up
of Bombay’s local time. What followed of India wherein historical time be a variety of historical contexts. — that may not be old in itself but is ne val conception of simultaneityalong with Europe. Thus, what follows are
that decision was great acrimony, letter comes a way to organise society. Ac From music to social order, from reli vertheless granted the imprimatur of time” to ideas about “homogenous, postcolonial complexes and reactionary
writing campaigns, and newspaper edi cording to this cliché, India is merely an gious ideas to aesthetics — within each age. empty time… measured by clock and eorts to compensate for the perceived
torials that bemoaned the rise of confu assemblage of various historical mo Indian, there exist residues of centuries calendar”. Thus, echoing Koselleck’s lack or the proliferation of what V.S. Nai
sion over which time to follow where. ments placed contiguously, chocka past. Thus, any description of Indian The study of time and Walter Benjamin’s work, what he paul calls “mimic men”.
Meanwhile, the Bombay Chamber of block, which, through some miracle, history is inextricably tangled up with Despite this importance of time in me suggested was that as modernity In essence, to understand the history
Commerce convinced the Bombay un manages to function. In this view, In the simultaneity of historical memories mory and historical selfrepresentation, emerged, human instincts and institu of the modern Indian mind then is in
iversity to hold a referendum on wheth dians are merely standins for historical that reside within Indians. Viewed thus, historians worldwide have been rela tions that understood time underwent a distinguishable from learning how In
er the clock tower should display Ma moments, human synecdoches if you most Indians are merely vessels through tively slow to study the understanding transformation. dians understand historical memory
dras or Bombay time. Predictably, there will. However, most Indian lives belie which ‘time’ manifests in the guise of of ‘time’ itself as a subject in human so Time, at least in European traditions, and, more fundamentally, how their un
was no surprise. The vote was to show such convenient metaphors. Instead, traditions and historical memories. cieties. This is even more pronounced instead of being bookended by Creation derstanding of time itself has changed
Bombay time and, like petty bureau many Indians derive their selfconcep This, of course, is true of most people in India. After some fascinating work in and the Second Coming of Christ, now as they arrived late into the pageant
crats, the Fergusson administration cut tions of who they are from a variety of across the world. But unlike much of the the late 1970s and mid1980s by the Ger became more openended, agnostic, halls of modernity.
CM A ND-NDE
YK