STATISTICS FORMULAE By CA Anand V Kaku 

 
No. of class interval × class lengths = Range
LCB = LCL –D/2
UCB=UCL +D/2
Mid-point =LCB+UCB/2 or LCL+UCL/2
Frequency density of a class interval = frequency of that class interval/corresponding class length
Relative frequency and percentage frequency of a class interval=class frequency/ total frequency

ARITHMETIC MEAN GEOMETRIC MEAN HARMONIC MEAN MODE

Discrete Series … GM= ….. . the value that occurs the maximum
1 number of times
∑
Logarithm of G for a set of
∑ observations is the AM of the
logarithm of the observations; i.e.
∑ log
log

∑ log
.

Frequency
Distribution … .
GM= ….. X
… ∑ 2
where,
= LCB of the modal class. i.e. the
class containing mode.
= frequency of the modal class
= frequency of the pre – modal
class
= frequency of the post modal class
C = class length of the modal class
 STATISTICS FORMULAE By CA Anand V Kaku 
 
ARITHMETIC MEAN GEOMETRIC MEAN HARMONIC MEAN MODE

Relationship if z = xy, then -

variables GM of z =(GM of x)×(GM of y) ymo=a+bxmo

if z = x/y then
GM of z =(GM of x)/(GM of y)
Weighted Mean -
Weighted A.M
∑ . ∑
∑ ∑ log .
∑
∑

Combined Mean - -
. .

Important points the algebraic sum of deviations of a - - -

set of observations from their AM is
zero ∑ 0

AM is affected due to a change of - - -

origin and/or scale which implies
that if the original variable x is
changed to another variable y by
effecting a change of origin,

Relation among For Given two positive numbers (A.M) x (H.M) = (G.M)2
Averages
AM GM HM The equality sign occurs, as we have already seen, when all the observations are equal.

Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean

 STATISTICS FORMULAE By CA Anand V Kaku 
 
MEDIAN QUARTILES (Q1,Q2 & Q3) DECILES (D1,D2 ,D3,…… D9) PERCENTILES (P1,P2,P3,….,
P99 )

Discrete Series 1
/Unclassified Data Median Size of Q1 quartile is given by the the D1 Decile is given by the the P1 Percentile is given by
2
1 value 1 value the 1 value

Dn Decile is given by the Pn Percentile is given by the

the Qn quartile is given by the 1 value 1 value
1 value

Group Frequency
Distribution 2 .
X X
= lower class boundary of the
median class i.e. the class
containing median.
N = total frequency.
= less than cumulative frequency
corresponding to l1. (Pre median
class)
= less than cumulative frequency
corresponding to l2. (Post median
class)
= being the upper class boundary
of the median class.
C = - = length of the median
class.
yme = a + b xme
∑ is minimum if we choose A
as the median.
= lower class boundary of the
Quartile class i.e. the class
containing Quartile.
N = total frequency.
p= , , for Q1, Q2 ,Q3
respectively
= less than cumulative
frequency corresponding to l1.
(Pre Quartile class)
= less than cumulative
frequency corresponding to l2.
(Post Quartile class)
= being the upper class
boundary of the Quartile class.
C = - = length of the Quartile
class.
. .
X X
= lower class boundary of = lower class boundary of
the Decile class i.e. the class the Percentile class i.e. the
containing Decile. class containing Percentile.
N = total frequency. N = total frequency.
p= , , , … . , for D1, D2 p= , , ,…, for P1,
,D3 ,…., D9 respectively P2 ,P3,…, P99 respectively
= less than cumulative = less than cumulative
frequency corresponding to frequency corresponding to
. (Pre Decile class) l1 . (Pre Percentile class)
= less than cumulative = less than cumulative
frequency corresponding to frequency corresponding to
. (Post Decile class) . (Post Percentile class)
= being the upper class = being the upper class
boundary of the Decile boundary of the Percentile
class. class.
C = - = length of the C = - = length of the
Decile class. Percentile class.
 STATISTICS FORMULAE By CA Anand V Kaku 
 
DISPERSIONS
Absolute Relative If y = a+bx
RANGE (R) Range= Laregest (L) – Smallest (S) Co efficient of Range = 100 Ry = | | Rx
MEAN DEVIATION (M.D)
M.DA= ∑| | Co efficient of M.D from A = M.Dy = | | M.Dx
about A .D
100
MEAN DEVIATION (M.D)
M.D about Mean = ∑| | Co efficient of M.D from A.M = M.Dy = | | M.Dx
about A.M ( ) .D X
100
MEAN DEVIATION (M.D)
M.D about Median = ∑| | Co efficient of M.D from Median M.Dy = | | M.Dx
about Median .D
= 100
STANDARD DEVIATION (σ) Co efficient of Variation = 100 σy = | | σx
∑ x X
σ
n

∑x
σ X
n
Standard Deviation for Two numbers,
| |
Combined Standard Deviation, σ12=
Standard Deviation for First n Natural
Where d1= , d2=
numbers ,

QUARTILE DEVIATION
(Qd) Qd= Co-efficient of Q.D = 100
Or
.
Co-efficient of Q.D = 100

VARIANCE (σ2) Variance means Square of Standard Deviation

 STATISTICS FORMULAE By CA Anand V Kaku 
 

CORRELATION

KARL PEARSON’S PRODUCT MOMENT SPEARMAN’S RANK CORRELATION COEFFICIENT OF CONCURRENT

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT COEFFICIENT DEVIATIONS

& 6∑
1
1
Where,
∑ where c is concurrent deviation,
&
∑
For tied ranking,
m is one less than number of pairs of
6 ∑ ∑
12 observations
∑ X ∑ 1
1

∑ ∑ ∑

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

where
| || |
 STATISTICS FORMULAE By CA Anand V Kaku 
 
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Y depends on X X depends on Y
Simple Regression y= a + byx x x = a + bxy y Intersection
Equation point of these
two lines is ,
Normal Equations b x b y

x b x y b y
Regression Co , ,
b b
efficient
b b
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
b b
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

b b
where

1
 STATISTICS FORMULAE By CA Anand V Kaku 
 
NAME CONDITION PROBABILITY MASS FUNCTION Notation MEAN VARINACE MODE Remarks
Binomial Trials are independent If (n+1)p is integer then p+q=1
n x n-x
Distribution and each trail has only P(X=x) = Cx p q X ∼ B (n,p) μ=np σ2=npq Mode, μ0 = (n+1)p-1
two outcomes Success
& Failure. If (n+1)p is non-integer then
For x = 0,1,2,..,n Mode,μ0 =Highest Integer in
(n+1)p

Poisson Trials are independent X ∼ P (m) μ=m  σ2=m  If m is Integer Mode,μ0 =m-1 e = 2.71828
Distribution and probability of .
occurrence is very small P(X = x) = If m is non- integer Mode,μ0
in given time. !
= Highest Integer in m
For x = 0,1,2,..,n

Normal or When distribution is X ∼N (μ,σ2) Mean σ2 μ Mean Deviation =

Gaussian symmetric = 0.8 σ
Distribution Median
/ z= = First Quartile
σ√ Mode = μ - 0.675σ
=μ
Third Quartile
For ∞ ∞ = μ + 0.675σ

Quartile
Deviation=0.675σ

Point of Inflexion
x=μ - σ and x=μ + σ