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Transport Phenomena (CL 203) Tutorial-8
For Evaluation Only. Oct-Nov 2010

Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer, Transient Mass Transfer

Dept of Chemical Engineering, IIT-Bombay
1. The most common examples of simultaneous heat and mass transfer involve phase changes (e.g.,
condensation or evaporation), or heat effects due to chemical reactions. Therefore latent heats or heats
of reaction cause energy transfer to be dependent on mass transfer, and temperature and concentration
profiles are coupled. Determine the Evaporation Rate of a water droplet in a nitrogen stream.
* Given: droplet radius = R(t) Far from the droplet, xw xwf , T Tf .
* Assume that the R(t) changes very slowly with time, and use a pseudo-steady state model.
* Assume that the Peclet nos. for mass and heat transfer, are small. Thus consider only spherically
symmetric 1-D steady diffusion and conduction, and the droplet center as the coordinate origin.
a) Write the governing equations beginning with the conservation equations for each species, i.
b) Determine mass transfer at the interface, assuming negligible flux in the liquid phase, and noting at
the interfacial velocity is dR/dt. Water concentration in the droplet = CL. CL>> CW and CN, vapor
phase concentrations (water and nitrogen).
c) Nitrogen flux at interface is negligible compared to water flux.
d) Nitrogen flux is negligible THROUGHOUT THE GAS.
e) Assume constant total conc., C and constant Diffusivity Coefficient, DWN.

f) Gas thermal conductivity=kG. Molar Heat capacity of water=CPW, partial molar enthalpy= HW0 .

Develop the Resultant Governing Energy Conservation Equation from the Vector Equation.
Neglect mixing enthalpy. Obtain an expression for the energy flux, e .

g) Assuming Raoult’s law and Ideal Gas, write the expression for the equilibrium vapour
concentration of water.
2. A 8cm diameter cooled metal tube, is used as a condenser to remove liquid water from a water
vapour/air mixture. Under steady-state conditions, a liquid film is continuously formed on the exterior
of the tube. The heat transfer coefficient associated with the condensation process is 2500W/m2K. The
metal surface is at 310K and the gas mixture is at 370K and 1atm pressure. The gas and liquid phases
are in equilibrium at the liquid surface. The gas contains 65% water vapour. If water vapour diffuses
through a stagnant gas film, 1mm thick, determine the condensation rate, g/s.
3. Transient Diffusion of Solute into 2 Immiscible Fluids.
Consider 2 immiscible liquids, I and II, containing a solute (diffusivities are DI and DII, respectively) at
concentrations, CI f and CII f , respectively, are brought into contact. The interface is the plane, z=0,

where the concentrations achieve equilibrium instantly. The equilibrium partitioning is CIe mC IIe .
f
m
S
³ exp   x  dx ; erf  f  ³ exp   x  dx
2 2 2
Useful Info: erf  m  2 2
1 ; erf(-m)=-erf(m)
S 0 S 0 S 2
 Page 2 of 2
a) Carry out the transient solute balance in each medium. Diffusion is only in the z-direction. Fluid I
corresponds to z>0, fluid II corresponds to z<0. The fluids are stagnant, and effective mass and
molar avg velocities, =0.
Provide the boundary conditions for z=0, z o f , z o f , as well as the initial condition, for
t=0.
b) For each medium i, employ the similarity solution method to obtain the dimensionless expression,
d 2 Ci d Ci Ci  Cif
 2Z 0 . Ci , (i=I, II; the equilibrium conentrations, Cie, are as yet unknown,
dZ i 2
dZ i Cie  Cif

but may be obtained from the partitioning relationship), and Zi are the corresponding
dimensionless similarity solution variables combining z and t. Solve the differential equations.
c) Using the partitioning relationship and the flux continuity boundary conditions for the interface,
determine the equilibrium concentrations in terms of CI f , CII f , m, DI and DII.
4. Unsteady State Diffusion in a Plane Sheet (Membrane):
Two reservoirs, one maintained at constant solute concentration C1, and the other maintained as
essentially pure solvent, are suddenly connected by a membrane of thickness l and diffusivity D.
Assuming that the two concentrations (C1 and 0) are maintained, determine the time-dependent
concentration profile of the solute in the membrane. Begin at the fundamental governing equations,
and apply the relevant constitutive equations.
5. Absorption of Gas in a laminar Jet: steady state. CA0 = Solubility of A in B
A is absorbed in Liquid B. The velocity profile
of the liquid in the jet is flat and vz=Q/(4SR2).
Determine the concentration profile of A
Gas 2R
in the jet, assuming that axial diffusion << radial A
L
diffusion (validate this assumption by order Liqd
B
of magnitude analysis of the r and z components

of ’ 2C A , given L > 5R; e.g., w C2A ~ 'C A  2max  ),

2 r

wz L z

and typical penetration depth << R. Assume

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