ABRASION MITIGATION USING MANGROVE TO DECREASE DISASTER IN

TUBAN COAST-LINE

Muhamad Iyan Ramdhani

e-mail: miyan.mir61@gmail.com

Faculty of Exploration and Production Technology

Department Geological Engineering

Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta 12220

ABSTRACTION

Abrasion is one of the natural disasters that frequently occurred in the area of sea coast caused by
the presence of ocean currents and the waves of the sea that can affect changes in the coastline.
One of the cases that have already occurred is in the coastal area of Tuban who experience abrasion
that is quite high due to the lack of participation of the community and the Government in dealing
with this natural disaster. The purpose of this research is to analyze the abrasion-prone areas around
the coast of Tuban and analyze how important the existence of mangrove forests in the response of
the research in the area of abrasion by observing the aspect of the environment. To support this
research, the author uses method which combined disaster-prone area between abrasion with use
of mangroves in an effort to reduce the level of abrasion in the area of research.

Keyword : Abrasion, coastal, mangrove

INTRODUCTION natural processes that happen like tidal, wave,

wind, sedimentation and the human factor.
Beach is the region which limits the
Abrasion is one of the problems that often
land with sea. The beach area is always
occur in coastal areas. Abrasion was change
undergoing changes. It will occur gradually or
towards the coastline of the Mainland or the
rapidly. This coastal changes can result from
withdrawal of a coastline that is caused by
currents and ocean waves. Type of normal
waves that come will be easily destroyed by
the mechanism of the beach, while huge
waves/storm which has large energy although
short will cause erosion (Pranoto, 2007), and
also various activities or development on land
and coast, such as deforestation, road
clearing, coastal dredging, etc. which cause
soil erosion and sand will cause sedimentation
or lubrication.
One of the cases, namely in the
Regency of Tuban is located on the northern
coast of East Java. Tuban Regency has a
coastline of 65 km from East Palang to West
Bulu Bancar. There are several areas in the
coastal area of Tuban that is highly vulnerable
to catastrophic abrasion. The coastal area at
Tuban is also a center of economic activities
and, since the area is planned as an industrial
area of East Java with the Integrated
development plan of the port, the
development of the city and the port, as well
as fisheries the development of the city of
minopolitan. Thus the Tuban coast region
threatened its development if the abrasion is
not immediately resolved.
There are several ways to overcome
coastal abrasion, by breaking waves,
mangrove forests, one of the way to tackle
the abrasion, among others, is namely by
creating a surrounding coastal mangrove
forest susceptible to abrasion protective
coastline. In addition to keeping the coast in
order not to be exposed to abrasion, making
this mangrove forest as a natural habitat for
wildlife. Mangrove can also be harnessed into
a vast range of preparations ranging from
ornate to foods that can improve the
economic society the surrounding.
DATA AND METHODOLOGY
This research was conducted to find
out areas that are prone to abrasion in the
coastal region of Tuban with literature studies
needed to obtain data about the disaster-
prone region of the abrasion that causes a lot
of harm reduction to the area due to the
coastline retreat, regional development, as
well as economic aspects for the people that
live on research area. Some of the data types
of mangrove that can grow in the area of
research for pressing numbers abrasion in the
area of research.
Study aims to know the process of
erosion in the beach which causes a reduction
in land area. One of the coastal areas that is
vulnerable to environmental damage due to
abrasion is the coastal area of Tuban Regency
which is seen from the results of data overlays
taken from 1993 to 2009, it can be seen that
3.6 million m2 were lost due to abrasion, and
every year the abrasion takes up 5-6 meters
of coastal area and in the period of 2002-2012
the total coastline that experienced abrasion
was 7,630 m with a total abrasion width of
272 m the coastal area of Tuban Regency was
lost due to abrasion that occurred in the area.
This area is very vulnerable if it is not
immediately taken care of because it affects
the sustainability of the development of the
region and also the good factor such as
welfare as well as the local economy, because
vulnerability is a condition that is determined
by physical, social, economic factors or
processes and environment that causes the
enchancement of the vulnerability of the
community in the face of hazards or danger.
Figure 1 Research area (Utami, et.al, 2013)
Figure 2 Susceptible abrasion zone (Utami,
2013) et.al,2013) 2013)
In environmental vulnerability factors,
the variables that most influence vulnerability
to abrasion are variables of mangrove forest
areas, coral reef areas, and water catchment
areas.
In physical vulnerability factors, the
variables that most affect vulnerability to
abrasion disasters are the variable ratio of
road length, building density, electricity
network, telephone network, PDAM network.
In the factor of social vulnerability,
the variables that most influence vulnerability
to abrasion are the variable population
growth rates, the percentage of the
population aged elderly - toddlers, and
population density.
In economic vulnerability factors, the
variables that most influence vulnerability to
abrasion are the percentage variable of the
population working in abrasion-prone sectors.
The benefits of mangrove forests has
many functions, both functions in biological
cycles,ecological functions, physical functions,
as well as social functions. The role of
mangrove forests is as coastline guards from
abrasion, assimilation of waste materials, as a
natural habitat for wildlife, fish and salt
ponds, mining activities, and even landfills.
Peranan hutan mangrove sangat penting bagi
kawasan pesisir yang perlu dikelola dan
dipelihara. The role of mangrove forests is
very important for coastal areas that need to
be managed and maintained. Good
management of mangrove forests is a process
of planning, utilizing, monitoring, and
controlling mangrove resources to meet
community needs and improve people's
welfare.
The method used in this research is an
evaluative method. Mc Millan and
Schumacher (2010) who explained that
evaluation is one of the applications of
research that is used to determine success or
failure or whether there are benefits / values
from a program that has been implemented.
With several variables, which are land
suitability, planting methods, plant conditions,
and disturbance to mangrove plants, by
carving out the type of mangrove. It was
DISCUSSION
found that in the study area of mangroves
suitable for planting in the study area were From the data obtained through the
Rhizopora mucronata species, Rhizopora literature study method, the results show that
apiculata, because this species thrives in there are 4 zones of environmental
smooth, muddy and flooded areas, also has vulnerability, which are the zone of
resistance in dealing with disturbances such environmental vulnerability is very high, high,
as ocean waves, pests, and sedimentation . low, and very low. For physical vulnerability
factors, the results show that there are 2
RESULT
physical vulnerability zones, which are
By combining data from the data moderate physical vulnerability zones and low
obtained, there are several locations that physical vulnerability zones. For social
experienced abrasion in the coastal area of vulnerability factors, the results show that
Tuban with different levels of abrasion. This there are 3 social vulnerability zones, which
level of abrasion is determined by how much are a moderate social vulnerability zone, a low
the location in the area has been affected by social vulnerability zone, and a very low social
abrasion and the effects of abrasion in the vulnerability zone. For economic vulnerability
area. factors, the results show that there are 2

The results of the analysis show that zones of vulnerability, which are a zone of

in the study area there were two zones of high economic vulnerability and a medium

vulnerability, which are zones with moderate economic vulnerability zone.

vulnerability and low vulnerability zones. This CONCLUSION

vulnerability zone will experience changes due
Abrasion is one of the problems that often
to weather changes, so it needs to be taken
occur in coastal areas that affect changes in
care of immeadiately.
the coast-line towards the Mainland or the
withdrawal of a coastline caused by currents
and ocean waves. One of the ways used to
tackling the abrasion in the coastal area that is
by conducting a mangrove planting with
species Rhizopora mucronata, Rhizopora
apiculata, which are suitable for the coastal
area of Tuban and also ecological value and
economical.

REFERENCE
Pranoto, S. (2007). Prediksi Perubahan Garis
Pantai Menggunakan Model Genesi
dalam Jurnal : Berkala Ilmiah Teknik
Keairan, 13.
Sukma, N. R. (2017). KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN
MANGROVE DI DESA JENU, KECAMATAN
JENU, KABUPATEN TUBAN, JAWA
TIMUR.
Turmudji and Kristanto. (1999). The Biology of
Mangrove. Cambridge University Press,
New York.
Utami, V. H, Pamungkas, A. (2013). Identifikasi
Kawasan Rentan Terhadap Abrasi di
Pesisir Kabupaten Tuban.