BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Self-esteem is the opinion of everyone, for example in the classroom, there is a

student who is so quiet in the classroom that even when his teacher calls it shy to stand

or approach because he is ashamed and lowly in his thinking self. Sometimes it doesn't

include classmates when they are invited to eat during their recess, because she wants

to be alone. There are actually people who are born shy, quiet, and without self-

confidence because they are more comfortable, not knowing that it is affecting

themselves. The example factors of having a low self-esteem are Negative feelings, for

example if a person has self-esteem it is possible that he or she has feelings of sadness,

sadness and loss of life so he or she prefers to be alone, Relationship Problems, he

cannot mix with friends so he prefers to be alone. And because he thinks he doesn't have

a man and he also thinks that he doesn't love her so much that it makes people sad and

Fear of Trying he was afraid to try again because he did not want to be disappointed and

hurt. He tends to tolerate the pain and weight that the emotions have and thus becomes

problematic.

Low self-esteem is about family problem or a problem with a person so their self-

esteem decreases and so we avoid this things for the betterment of our wellbeing and

self-esteem and also avoid things that are difficult because it’s strengthens our guard

doubts and fears.

People with low self-esteem are more troubled by failure and tend to exaggerated

event as being negative.

 For example. They often interpret non critical comments as critical and they are

more likely to experience social anxiety and low of esteem and lack of self-confidence.

Everyone has a lack of confidence in any situation. Low self-esteem is

characterized by lack of confidence within ourselves. People who has low self-esteem

usually feel unlovable, awkward, or incomplete. People like this tend to be hypersensitive.

They have fragile of self that can easily be wounded by others. Low self-esteem have

many factors like unhappy childhood, parenting style, poor academic performance,

ongoing stressful events like relationship breakdown or financial problem.

Review of Related Literature

Original:

In order to overcome low self-esteem, it is essential that you challenge these

negative thoughts and stand up to your inner critic. On PsychAlive, we have an entire

section of articles, several Webinars and an eCourse devoted to this subject. The first

step is to recognize when you start thinking these kinds of negative thoughts about

yourself. Then, you can choose not to listen to your inner critic’s character

assassinations or bad advice. It can be helpful to imagine how you would feel if

someone else was saying these things to you; you’d probably feel angry and tell them to

shut up or explain that they are wrong about you. Take this approach in responding to

your inner critic.

Paraphrase:

In order to overcome your own self you have to rid your mind of anger and

resentment of yourself so that you can avoid other people's troubles or frustrations as it

will pull your character.

Reference:

https://www.psychalive.org/low-self-esteem/?fbclid=IwAR3m3s44lB1uV5qK3QzR-

_JAlMsxc2EKIcpuqOeSzbvQcECpNeB6cJyfgfU
Original:

Low self-esteem does not strike a person out of the blue. Reasons exist in a

person’s past that lead to the formation of negative beliefs. Usually, low self-esteem has

higher chances to develop in a person if he or she was punished systematically in their

childhood; alienated from peers at school, misunderstood, or did not meet certain

standards; was openly abused or neglected; were an object of someone’s else frustration

and distress; was deprived of warmth and interest; belonged to an ostracized social

group, and so on (Overcoming). The potential reasons are numerous, and foreseeing

them all in the process of parenting is impossible; however, parents should do everything

possible to minimize the risks. Other possible risk factors are illness or injury, culture, or

religion, the way other people react to a person, and even mass media messages.

Paraphrase:

Having a low self-esteem does not strike a person unexpectedly. There are many

reasons why an individual with low self-esteem has a higher chances to develop in a

person if he or she experiencing trauma their childhood, parenting style of a parent,

misinformation, anxiety and depression, did not meet certain standards, and so on.

There's a lot of possible reasons, but when see them all, parenting would be impossible,

however the parents should do everything to help their children. And the other possible

factors of having low self-esteem are illness or injury, culture, or religion, people how they

react to a person, and even mass media messages.

Reference:
https://academichelp.net/samples/academics/essays/expository/low-self-

esteem.html?fbclid=IwAR0QIeleAm-

0dRSy5biAvMBlNqJX7dvnaTFtdk6dmrHstVCIiO4sjwzczvE

Original:

Low self-esteem and depression are strongly related, but there is not yet consistent

evidence on the nature of the relation. Whereas the vulnerability model states that low

self-esteem contributes to depression, the scar model states that depression erodes self-

esteem. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the models are specific for depression or

whether they are also valid for anxiety. We evaluated the vulnerability and scar models

of low self-esteem and depression, and low self-esteem and anxiety, by meta-analyzing

the available longitudinal data (covering 77 studies on depression and 18 studies on

anxiety).

Paraphrase:

Low self-esteem can lead to depression they have connection. But there is no

consistent evidence on the nature of the relation. Low self-esteem contributes to

depression. Furthermore it is unknown whether the models are specific for depression or

whether they are also valid for anxiety.

Reference:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228064767_Does_Low_Self-

Esteem_Predict_Depression_and_Anxiety_A_Meta-
Analysis_of_Longitudinal_Studies?fbclid=IwAR2MqgXoBVjrWWmhT-

eOBoHX9bWyN2IdHT2CjijWbK8eI8tP-EvCvPz3k2c

Original:

People with low self-esteem tend to see the world as a hostile place and

themselves as its victim. As a result, they are reluctant to express and assert themselves,

miss out on experiences and opportunities, and feel powerless to change things. All this

lowers their self-esteem still further, sucking them into a downward spiral.

Paraphrase:

What is referred to here is the low self-esteem of the victim as a result of having

a second thoughts express themselves to miss the experiences and feeling powerless

to change these things all lowering their self-esteem due to this.

Reference:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/hide-and-seek/201205/building-confidence-

and-self-esteem

Original:

Low self-esteem can be deeply rooted, with origins in traumatic childhood

experiences such as prolonged separation from parent figures, neglect, or emotional,

physical, or sexual abuse. In later life, self-esteem can be undermined by ill health,
negative life events such as losing a job or getting divorced, deficient or frustrating

relationships, and a general sense of lack of control.

Paraphrase:

What this means is that low self-esteem is a deeply problematic source of family-

like experience because of neglect and abuse can be reduced to ill health negative

unemployment or divorce and failure of relationships thus low self-esteem.

Reference:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/hide-and-seek/201205/building-confidence-

and-self-esteem

Original:

Socially children with low self-esteem can be withdrawn or shy, and find it difficult

to have fun. Although they may have a wide circle of friends they are more likely to yield

to group pressure and more vulnerable to being bullied. At school they avoid trying new

things (for fear of failure) and will give up easily.

Paraphrase:

Children with low self-esteem can be withdrawn or shy, most of them are having a

difficulty to find their happiness in life. Even they have a ton of friends, still it would be

likely to yield to group pressure and more vulnerable to being bullied. Even when they are

in school, they are trying to avoid new things or (fear of failure) to do, they are easily

giving up.
Reference:

https://www.simplypsychology.org/self-

esteem.html?fbclid=IwAR27F_1Mv5CwhMZqKXRj0pZeHGTQlkDgCDBY7j3G3K7l-

vq8HrtRud3Y9r4

Original:

But what causes low self-esteem? There are many and varied reasons, but

according to clinical psychologist Dr. Lars Madsen it’s frequently traced to abusive or

dysfunctional early years, the effects of which can persist well into adulthood. It can also

be attributed to ongoing stressful life events (e.g., relationship breakdowns; financial

troubles; poor treatment from a partner, parent or career; being bullied; or being in an

abusive relationship).

Paraphrase:

What is being referred to here are the various causes or causes of low self-esteem

due to abuse or dis-functional effects that can continue to be good in adulthood such as

breakdowns in family relationship and other low self-esteem.

Reference:

https://psychcentral.com/blog/how-does-low-self-esteem-negatively-affect-

you/?fbclid=IwAR3m3s44lB1uV5qK3QzR-

_JAlMsxc2EKIcpuqOeSzbvQcECpNeB6cJyfgfU
Original:
Definition of Terms:

Self-esteem – it is an overview of sense of value or worth.

Low self-esteem – a lacking or not having enough of confidence with his/her self.

Psychologist – a person who expert in psychology.

Negative beliefs – this is about opposing or contradicts others beliefs/opinion.

Vulnerable – it’s about physical or emotional attack or harm to an individual.

Reluctant – it is about declining or unwilling to someone or something.

Ostracized – it is excluding someone or something in the group.

Deprived – this is something lacks of material/s or cultural benefits.

Alienated - an experience or induce feelings of isolation.

Peers – something difficult to someone or something.

Critic – it is about a person or an individual who expresses an unfavorable opinion of something.

Ridicule – it is something who making jokes or teasing to someone or something.

Inadequacy – it is something that lacks in quantity or quality that are required.

Rebuff – is a rejection on an ungracious manner.

Hyper vigilant – it is someone who has a high sense of sensitivity.

Hyper alert – it is excessively alert that can result of traumatic stress.

Anxiety – it is a feeling of worry, nervous, or unease.

Depression – it is a feeling of severe sadness and sorrow

Abusive – it is an extremely offensive or insult that can cause physical or emotional hurt

Shyness – it is state of being shy that showing nervousness or timid in front of someone