WAKTU PENGERJAAN: 15 MENIT JUMLAH SOAL: 6 BUTIR

Questions 1 & 2 refer to the following text.

Esperanto is what is called a planned, or artificial, language. It was created more than a century ago by
Polish eye doctor Ludwik Lazar Zamenhof. Zamenhof believed that a common language would help to
alleviate some of the misunderstandings among cultures.
In Zamenhof’s first attempt at a universal language, he tried to create a language that was as
5 uncomplicated as possible. This first language included words such as, ab, ac, ba, eb, be, and ce. This did not
result in a workable language in that these monosyllabic words, though short, were not easy to understand or
to retain.
Next, Zamenhof tried a different way of constructing a simplified language. He made the words in his
language sound like words that people already knew, but he simplified the grammar tremendously. One
10 example of how he simplified the language can be seen in the suffixes: all nouns in this language end in o, as
in the noun amiko, which means “friend”, and all adjectives end in -a, as in the adjective bela, which means
“pretty”. Another example of the simplified language can be seen in the prefix mal-, which makes a word
opposite in meaning; the word malamiko therefore means “enemy”, and the word malbela therefore means
“ugly” in Zamenhof’s language.
15 In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a description of this language and published it. He used a pen name, Dr.
Esperanto, when signing the book. He selected the name Esperanto because this word means “a person who
hopes” in his language. Esperanto clubs began popping up throughout Europe, and by 1950, Esperanto had
spread from Europe to America and Asia. In 1905, the First World Congress of Esperanto took place in France,
with approximately700 attendees from 20 different countries. Congresses were held annually for nine years,
20 and 4,000 attendees were registered for the Tenth World Esperanto Congress scheduled for 1914, when World
War I erupted and forced its cancellation.
Esperanto has had its ups and downs in the period since World War I. Today, years after it was
introduced, it is estimated that perhaps a quarter of a million people are fluent in it. This may seem like a large
number, but it is really quite big when compared with the billion English speakers and billion Mandarin
25 Chinese speakers in today’s world. Current advocates would like to see its use grow considerably and are
taking steps to try to make this happen.

1. The word ‘it’ in “In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a 3. Which of the following is the author’s false idea?
description of this language and published it.” (A) Esperanto is what is called a planned, or
in paragraph 4 refers to …. artificial, language.
(A) a description (B) A common language would help to
(B) this language alleviate some of the misunderstandings
(C) a pen name among cultures.
(D) the book (C) One example of how he simplified the
(E) Esperanto language can be seen in the suffixes.
(D) Esperanto clubs began popping up
2. Which paragraph describes the predecessor to throughout Europe, and by 1950,
Esperanto? Esperanto had spread from Europe to
(A) first paragraph America and Asia.
(B) second paragraph (E) This may seem like a large number, but it is
(C) third paragraph really quite big when compared with the
(D) fourth paragraph billion English speakers and billion
(E) fifth paragraph Mandarin Chinese speakers in today’s
world.

E9x1F0319-20PPLS, PPLS IPA/IPS, BKB NURUL FIRI hlm. 1 dari 2 hlm.

 Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following text.
There is a common expression in the English language referring to a blue moon. When people say that
something happens “only once in a blue moon”, they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great
while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression
that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
5 The expression “a blue moon” has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar
month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue
from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare. The moon needs a
little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except
February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will
10 have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very
beginning of March). It is on the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue
moon occurs. This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their color;
however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in
15 which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually
change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatau volcano in 1883 left dust
particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence
of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today. Another example occurred more
than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue
20 tint.

4. Which of the following reflects the interrelation 6. The word this in “This does not happen very
between the eruption of Mount Pinatubo and often, only three or four times in a decade.” in
the moon appearing bluish? Paragraph 2 refers to ….
(A) Reading – book
(B) Sadness – sorrow (A) a full moon
(C) Beauty – woman (B) a given calendar month
(D) Sunniness – picnic (C) the very beginning of March
(E) Shoplifting – sentence (D) a decade
(E) a blue moon
5. Where in the passage does the author describe
the duration of a lunar cycle?
(A) Lines 1-3
(B) Lines 7-8
(C) Lines 9-10
(D) Lines 13-14
(E) Lines 16-18

E9x1F0319-20PPLS, PPLS IPA/IPS, BKB NURUL FIRI hlm. 2 dari 2 hlm.