30TH MAIN, 3RD CROSS, BTM LAYOUT 2ND STAGE, BANGLORE-560068

DISE CODE: 29200900637 Ph: 08026684791

LIFE HEALTH CARE

MONITORING SYSTEM USING
ZIGBEE
TRANSFERING PATIENTS REAL TIME HEALTH
DATA TO THEIR ATTENDER

PROJECT BY: POOJASHREE S, 9TH STD, REF NO.: 18KA1504446

GUIDED BY: MONISHA P, ASST. TEACHER
 VIDHYA JYOTHI ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL
30th main BTM 2nd Stage, Bangalore-560068
Ph: 080-26684791

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the project work entitled LIFE HEALTH CARE MONITORING SYSTEM

USING ZIGBEE is a bonafide work carried out by Kumari. Poojashree S, (18KA1504446)

in fulfilment for the INSPIRE AWARD MANAK-9 under National Innovative Foundation

Scheme (NIF), Ministry of Science and Technology during the academic year 2018-19. This

project report has been approved as it satisfied the academic requirements with respect of

project work prescribed for the mentioned award.

Mrs. Monisha P Mr. Varundas J H Sri. J Haridasan

Guide Head Master Secretary

Page 1 of 32
 ABSTRACT

“The greatest wealth is health.” - Virgil, classical Roman poet

The aim of this project is to design a system to monitor the vital signs of a patient by
using the compact bio-medical wireless sensor notes on android. By using this project, we can
continuously monitor a priority-based patient health conditions during unfortunate seriousness
of the patient and send this information to patient’s attender by giving the service by wireless
transmissions between medical devices and continuously monitor the core temperature, pulse
and B.P (blood pressure). Nowadays with the increase of biomedical sensors we are going into
this process of detecting the patient’s real-time body temperature, heart rate and other
physiological information’s. Coming to the main core of wireless medical monitoring system
is the design of wireless monitoring terminal and the development of system software. The
monitoring terminal generally consists of three modules: the sensor module, the control module
and the wireless communication module. The sensor module is used for acquiring medical
information from the outside and then converts them to digital signals. The wireless
communication module mainly deals with the wireless transmission of information. Nowadays,
there are various kinds of wireless communication protocols. But since the main task of a
monitoring terminal is to realize the transmission of signals such as heart rate, body
temperature, and calling signals the data traffic is not heavy. Moreover, because the monitoring
terminal is worn on patients, which needs to be supplied by battery, it puts a high demand on
the reducing of power dissipation of wireless transmission module. Having taken these
comprehensive factors into consideration, this paper chooses the WIFI technology as the
wireless communication protocol. WIFI technology is a mid-range, low-rate, low-power
wireless communication technology.

This project uses LPC2148 MCU as its controller. By reading pulse values continuously
from pulse count sensor these values are displayed wirelessly using Zigbee technology.

This project uses regulated 5V, 750mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage
regulators are used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the
ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

Page 2 of 32
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to thank one and all who have provided their
valuable advice, without their guidance this project would not have been a success, I have to
thank many who have helped me directly or indirectly but some in particular have to be singled
out since they have given me more than just a guidance.

I am highly indebted to Mrs. Monisha P Asst. Teacher, Vidhya Jyothi English High
School BTM layout for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing
necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project.

My profound thanks and special gratitude to Sri. J Haridasan, Secretary, Vidhya

Jyothi group of institutions, Bangalore for giving me such attention and time.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to Sri. Varundas J H,
Head Master, Vidhya Jyothi English High School, BTM layout, Bangalore. Who has
Guided my work insightfully and enriched my work with his fruitful experience.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents Smt. Kavitha D & Sri. Shiva
Shankar who have supported me with their kind co-operation, love, care and prayers which
helped me in completion of this project.

My thanks and appreciations also go to Miss. Nethra, Mr. Rahul & Mr Bharath in
developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

Above all, I owe it all to Almighty God for granting me the wisdom, health and strength
to undertake this project task and enabling me to its completion.

Poojashree S
Class: 9th, Vidhya Jyothi English High School
30th main, 3rd Cross, BTM Layout, 2nd Stage, Bangalore-68

Page 3 of 32
 CONTENT SHEET

ABSTRACT 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
LIST OF FIGURES 5
1. OBJECTIVE OF MY PROJECT
2. HOW MY PROJECT WORKS
3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
4. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TRANSMITTING UNIT
5. MODEL DESCRIPTION
5.1 Zigbee Transmitting Module
5.2 HD44780,16 Character,2 Line Display Unit
5.3 A Sphygmomanometers
5.4 LM35 Temperature Sensor
6. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RECEIVING & POWER SUPPLY UNIT
7. POWER SUPPLY UNIT
8. RECEIVING UNIT
8.1 AT89S52 Microcontroller
8.2 A Display Unit
8.3 A Step-Down Transformer
8.4 A Zigbee Receiving Module
9. PROBLEM DEFINITION
10. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
11. LITERATURE SURVEY
12. RESULT
13. ORGANISATION OF THE PROJECT
14. APPLICATION & ADVANTAGES
15. CONCLUSION
16. AREAS OF FUTURE RESEARCH
17. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Page 4 of 32
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Block Diagram of Transmitting Unit

Figure 2 Working Model of Transmitting Unit of Health Care Project

Figure 3 HD44780,16 Character,2 Line LCD Display Unit

Figure 4 LM35 Temperature Sensors

Figure 5 Pin Diagram of LM35 Temperature Sensor

Figure 6 Receiving Unit

Figure 7 Power Supply Unit

Figure 8 Pin Diagram of Microcontroller AT89S52

Figure 9 Step Down Transformer (12V AC)

Figure 10 Working Model of Receiving Unit of Health Care Project

Figure 11 Zigbee Receiving Module

Page 5 of 32
 CHAPTER 1

OBJECTIVE OF MY PROJECT

“Our health always seems much more valuable after we lose it.” - Unknown

India is still referred as developing country, even though we are nearing 2020. 2020 is
a dream for our beloved former president Shri. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Ji to enhance our country
to next level. The few reasons which I want to mention is over population, unemployment,
brain drain, scam etc.

My project is a people friendly prototype, that is to help common people to know

information about their loved once health condition when they are admitted or shifted to ICU
ward. Everyone have knowledge about the fact that, no one will be allowed inside the ICU
room, since it will cause infection to the patient. Therefore, the patient’s attender will be always
in a dilemma to know about the real health condition of their loved once. So, by the idea which
I have implemented in my project, this dilemma or problem of patient attender can be solved.

In my project, the real time patient’s health condition will be sent to their attender, i.e.
Blood Pressure (B.P), Pulse, temperature.

Once a patient is shifted to ICU ward the patient’s attender will be completely doomed
from getting information of the patient. Whatever doctor tells to him will turn into reality. In
this situation the problem begins to grow. If the doctor is not a person with ideal professional
ethics, he turns this situation to his personal gains and profits.

I want to tell you this with a proof of newspaper headlines.

 In one incident a dead patient has been kept for six days in a ventilator and doctors billed them
around Rs. 8.5 lakhs. (TIMES OF INDIA, Dt. 26/04/2014)
 In another incident, the doctor didn’t tell the information about the child to her parents and kept
it in dark and billed around Rs. 15 lakhs showing for 660 syringes, 1500 gloves etc. (TIMES
OF INDIA, Dt. 21/11/2017)
I myself strictly want this scam to be stopped or in another word I request our Govt. to
eradicate this scam completely from our soil.

Hospitals are temples and Doctors are God for patients and their attenders.
If people worship in temple, the next highest prayers will be heard in hospitals, and its
surroundings. If this type of scams occurs again, the purity of the hospital and belief of people
towards doctors will be stomped inside the land of hell.

Page 6 of 32
CHAPTER 2

HOW MY PROJECT WORKS

This project is enabled with Zigbee technology which is a low cost, low power,
wireless communication device. This system takes information about Blood Pressure
(B.P), Pulse and temperature of the patients.

Each bed will be given a unique identity code i.e., a username and password.
When the attender enters this, he will be able to acquire information about his patient
in real time. If the condition begins to deteriorate, he come to know that by these
information’s. So, that he can inform this in person to concerned doctors immediately.

My project facilitates with another system i.e. a separate display unit in front of
ICU ward, in patient’s attenders lounge, nurses and doctor’s unit.

If the patient’s attender doesn’t have an android set, and if he needs an

information means, this display unit will enable the real time information about the
health condition of the patient. So, if by any disgrace, the patient loses his life, the
attender will obtain instant information and thereby informing and alerting doctor’s and
concerned relatives. So, this project is a real boon to common people and also for
hospital.

Page 7 of 32
CHAPTER 3

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Title of the project : Wireless Multi- Patient Health Monitoring System Using

ZigBee, RFID, GSM with wireless automatic doctor alerting

through sms

Domain : Biomedical, Embedded Systems

Software : Embedded C, Keil, Flash magic

Microcontroller : ARM 7 TDMI (LPC2148)

Power Supply : 5V, 500mA Regulated Power Supply

Display : LCD

LCD : HD44780 16-character, 2-line (16X2)

Crystal : 12MHz

Communication Device : Zigbee Module,

Temperature sensor : LM35

Heart Beat Circuit : 1

Applications : Operation theatres, I.C. units, biomedical/human

Page 8 of 32
 CHAPTER 4

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TRANSMITTING UNIT

Pulse counting sensor Power Supply

Contrast

A
Heart beat circuit
drive (opam circuit) R
M
L
P
MAX
C 232

A 2
D IOT
1
C
4 I2C Protocol

8 EEPROM

12MHzCrystal
Oscillator Zigbee
Module

Step Bridge Filter

down Regulator
Rectifier Circuit
T/F Conventional power supply

Page 9 of 32
CHAPTER 5

MODEL-DESCRIPTION

TRANSMITTING UNIT

The TRANSMITTING MODULE consists of

5.1 A Zigbee Transmitting Module

5.2 HD44780 16 character, 2 line LCD Display

5.3 A Sphygmomanometer

5.4 LM35 Temperature Sensor

A ZIGBEE TRANSMITTING MODULE

Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level

communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital
radios, such as for home automation, medical device data collection, and other low-power low-
bandwidth needs, designed for small scale projects which need wireless connection. Hence,
Zigbee is a low-power, low data rate, and close proximity (i.e., personal area) wireless ad hoc
network.
The technology defined by the Zigbee specification is intended to be simpler and less expensive
than other wireless personal area networks such as Bluetooth or more general wireless
networking such as Wi-Fi. Applications include wireless light switches, home energy

Page 10 of 32
monitors, traffic management systems, and other consumer and industrial equipment that
requires short-range low-rate wireless data transfer.
Its low power consumption limits transmission distances to 10–100 meters line-of-sight,
depending on power output and environmental characteristics.[1] Zigbee devices can transmit
data over long distances by passing data through a mesh network of intermediate devices to
reach more distant ones. Zigbee is typically used in low data rate applications that require long
battery life and secure networking (Zigbee networks are secured by 128 bit symmetric
encryption keys.) Zigbee has a defined rate of 250 k bit/s, best suited for intermittent data
transmissions from a sensor or input device.
Zigbee was conceived in 1998, standardized in 2003, and revised in 2006. The name refers to
the waggle dance of honey bees after their return to the beehive.

Uses
Zigbee protocols are intended for embedded applications requiring low power
consumption and tolerating low data rates. The resulting network will use very little power—
individual devices must have a battery life of at least two years to pass Zigbee certification.
Typical application areas include:

 Home Entertainment and Control—Home automation smart lighting, advanced

temperature control, safety and security, movies and music
 Wireless sensor networks—Starting with individual sensors
 Industrial control
 Embedded sensing
 Medical data collection
 Smoke and intruder warning
 Building automation
 Remote wireless microphone configuration
Zigbee is not for situations with high mobility among nodes. Hence, it is not suitable for
tactical ad hoc radio networks in the battlefield, where high data rate and high mobility is
present and needed.
HD44780 16 character, 2 line LCD Display

Page 11 of 32
The HD44780 LCD controller is an alphanumeric dot matrix liquid crystal display (LCD)
controller has a character set of the controller includes ASCII characters.

The HD44780 LCD controller is limited to monochrome text displays and is often used
in copiers, fax machines, laser printers, industrial test equipment, networking equipment, such
as routers and storage devices.
Compatible LCD screens are manufactured in several standard configurations. Common sizes
are one row of eight characters (8x1), and 16×2, 20×2 and 20×4 formats. Larger custom sizes
are made with 32, 40 and 80 characters and with 1, 2, 4 or 8 lines. The most commonly
manufactured larger configuration is 40x4 characters, which requires two individually
addressable HD44780 controllers with expansion chips as a single HD44780 chip can only
address up to 80 characters.
Character LCDs may have a backlight, which may be LED, fluorescent, or electroluminescent.
Character LCDs use a 16-contact interface, commonly using pins or card edge connections on
0.1-inch (2.54 mm) centre’s. Those without backlights may have only 14 pins, omitting the two
pins powering the light. This interface was designed to be easily hooked up to the MCS-51
XRAM interface, using only two address pins, which allowed displaying text on LCD using
simple MOVX commands, offering cost effective option for adding text display to devices.
The pinout is as follows:

Amber backlight on a HD44780 display

1. Ground
2. VCC (+3.3 to +5V)
3. Contrast adjustment (VO)
4. Register Select (RS). RS=0: Command, RS=1: Data
5. Read/Write (R/W). R/W=0: Write, R/W=1: Read (This pin is optional due to the fact
that most of the time you will only want to write to it and not read. Therefore, in general
use, this pin will be permanently connected directly to ground.)
6. Clock (Enable). Falling edge triggered
7. Bit 0 (Not used in 4-bit operation)
8. Bit 1 (Not used in 4-bit operation)
9. Bit 2 (Not used in 4-bit operation)
10. Bit 3 (Not used in 4-bit operation)
11. Bit 4
12. Bit 5
13. Bit 6
14. Bit 7
15. Backlight Anode (+) (If applicable)
16. Backlight Cathode (-) (If applicable)
The nominal operating voltage for LED backlights is 5V at full brightness, with dimming at
lower voltages dependent on the details such as LED colour. Non-LED backlights often
requires higher voltages.

Page 12 of 32
A SPHYGMOMANOMETER
A sphygmomanometer, also known as a blood pressure meter, blood pressure
monitor, or blood pressure gauge, is a device used to measure blood pressure, composed of
an inflatable cuff to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner
and a mercury or mechanical manometer to measure the pressure. It is always used in
conjunction with a means to determine at what pressure blood flow is just starting and at what
pressure it is unimpeded. Manual sphygmomanometers are used in conjunction with
a stethoscope.
A sphygmomanometer consists of an inflatable cuff, a measuring unit (the mercury manometer,
or aneroid gauge), and a mechanism for inflation which may be a manually operated bulb and
valve or a pump operated electrically.

Types
Both manual and digital meters are currently employed, with different trade-offs in
accuracy versus convenience.
Manual
A stethoscope is generally required for auscultation. Manual meters are used by trained
practitioners, while it is possible to obtain a basic reading through palpation alone, this only
yields the systolic pressure.

 Mercury sphygmomanometers are considered the gold standard. They show blood pressure
by affecting the height of a column of mercury, which does not require
recalibration. Because of their accuracy, they are often used in clinical trials of drugs and
in clinical evaluations of high-risk patients, including pregnant women. A wall mounted
mercury sphygmomanometer is also known as a Baumanometer.
Aneroid sphygmomanometers (mechanical types with a dial) are in common use; they may
require calibration checks, unlike mercury manometers.

Digital
Digital meters employ oscillometric measurements and electronic calculations rather
than auscultation. They may use manual or automatic inflation, but both types are electronic,
easy to operate without training, and can be used in noisy environments. They accurately
measure mean blood pressure and pulse rate, while systolic and diastolic pressures are obtained
less accurately than with manual meters. The oscillometric method of detection used gives
blood pressure readings that differ from those determined by auscultation, and vary according
to many factors, such as pulse pressure, heart rate and arterial stiffness.

LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

A temperature sensor is a device which is designed specifically to measure the hotness
or coldness of an object. LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional
to the temperature (in °C). With LM35, the temperature can be measured more accurately than
with a thermistor. It also possesses low self-heating and does not cause more than 0.1 °C
temperature rise in still air. The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C.The
LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing
to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It has found its applications on power supplies,
battery management, appliances, etc.

LM35 Temperature Sensor

Page 13 of 32
LM35 Temperature sensor Pinout
The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure temperature with
an electrical output proportional to the temperature (in °C). It can measure temperature more
accurately than a using a thermistor. The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation.
The LM35 generates a higher output voltage than thermocouples and may not require that the
output voltage be amplified. The LM35 has an output voltage that is proportional to the Celsius
temperature. The scale factor is .01V/°C.

The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming and maintains an
accuracy of +/-0.4°C at room temperature and +/-0.8°C over a range of 0°C to +100°C.Another
important characteristic of the LM35 is that it draws only 60 micro amps from its supply and
possesses a low self-heating capability. The LM35 comes in many different packages such as
TO-92 plastic transistor-like package, T0-46 metal can transistor-like package,8-lead surface
mount SO-8 small outline package.

Working Principle of LM35

There are two transistors in the center of the drawing. One has ten times the emitter
area of the other. This means it has one tenth of the current density, since the same current is

Page 14 of 32
going through both transistors. This causes a voltage across the resistor R1 that is proportional
to the absolute temperature, and is almost linear across the range.
The amplifier at the right converts absolute temperature (measured in Kelvin) into either
Fahrenheit or Celsius, depending on the part (LM34 or LM35). The little circle with the "i" in
it is a constant current source circuit.
The integrated circuit has many transistors in it -- two in the middle, some in each amplifier,
some in the constant current source, and some in the curvature compensation circuit. All of that
is fit into the tiny package with three leads.

Page 15 of 32
CHAPTER 6

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RECEIVING UNIT & POWER SUPPLY UNIT

RECEIVING UNIT

Zigbee
Module

Iot app

POWER SUPPLY UNIT:

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

The Power supply unit consist of a step-down transformer which steps down 230V AC
supply from power station to 12V AC.
The 12V is again rectified by Bridge Rectifier into 5V DC which is required for the circuitry
for operating.
The Capacitor Filter filters any unwanted voltage regulations to exact 5V DC voltage.
7805 regulators are used to regulate the voltage to 5V for supply of it to the entire circuitry.

Page 16 of 32
CHAPTER 7
RECEIVING UNIT

7.1 AT89S52 Microcontroller

7.2 A Display Unit
7.3 A Step-Down Transformer
7.4 A Zigbee Receiving Module

AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER
A Microcontroller is a single-chip microcomputer that contains all the components such
as the CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers. Unlike a general-purpose
computer, which also includes all of these components, a microcontroller is designed for a very
specific task – to control a particular system. Microcontrollers are sometimes called embedded
microcontrollers, which just means that they are part of an embedded system. A microprocessor
is a general-purpose digital computer with central processing unit (CPU), which contains
arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), a program counter (PC), a stack pointer (SP), some working
registers, a clock timing circuit, and interrupts circuits. The main disadvantage of
microprocessor is that it has no on-chip memory. So, we are going for microcontroller since it
has on-board programmable ROM and I/O that can be programmed for various control
functions ATMEL 89S52(AT89S52) MICROCONTROLLER

The microcontroller development effort resulted in the 8051 architecture, which was
first introduced in 1980 and has gone on to be arguably the most popular microcontroller
architecture available. The 8051 is a very complete micro controller with a large amount of
built in control store (ROM & EPROM) and RAM, enhanced I/O ports, and the ability to access
external memory. The maximum clock frequency within 8051 microcontrollers can execute
instructions is 20MHZ. Microcontroller is a true computer on chip. The design incorporates all
of the features found in a microprocessor: CPU, ALU, PC’S and registers.

It also has the other features needed to, make complete computer: ROM, RAM, parallel
I/Serial I/O, counters and a clock circuit. The 89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58 contains a non-
volatile FLASH program memory that is parallel programmable. For devices that are
programmable (In-System Programmable (ISP) and In-Application Programmable (IAP) with
a bootloader) All three families are Single-Chip 8-bit Microcontrollers manufactured in
advanced CMOS process and are Derivatives of the 80C51 microcontroller family. All the
devices have the same instruction set as the 80C51.

Page 17 of 32
 DISPLAY UNIT HD44780 LCD CONTROLLER

The HD44780 LCD controller is an alphanumeric dot matrix liquid crystal

display (LCD) controller has a character set of the controller includes ASCII characters.

The HD44780 LCD controller is limited to monochrome text displays and is often
used in copiers, fax machines, laser printers, industrial test equipment, networking equipment,
such as routers and storage devices.

Compatible LCD screens are manufactured in several standard configurations.

Common sizes are one row of eight characters (8x1), and 16×2, 20×2 and 20×4 formats. Larger
custom sizes are made with 32, 40 and 80 characters and with 1, 2, 4 or 8 lines. The most
commonly manufactured larger configuration is 40x4 characters, which requires two
individually addressable HD44780 controllers with expansion chips as a single HD44780 chip
can only address up to 80 characters.

Page 18 of 32
 Character LCDs may have a backlight, which may be LED, fluorescent,
or electroluminescent.

Character LCDs use a 16-contact interface, commonly using pins or card edge
connections on 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) centre’s. Those without backlights may have only 14 pins,
omitting the two pins powering the light. This interface was designed to be easily hooked up
to the MCS-51 XRAM interface, using only two address pins, which allowed displaying text
on LCD using simple MOVX commands, offering cost effective option for adding text display
to devices.

A STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER

A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy

between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a
varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive force across a second
coil wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between the two coils,
without a metallic connection between the two circuits.

Transformers are used for increasing or decreasing the alternating voltages in electric
power applications, and for coupling the stages of signal processing circuits.

Page 19 of 32
Page 20 of 32
A ZIGBEE RECEIVING MODULE

ZigBee is a wireless networking for a high-level communication protocols using small,

low power and low-cost radios. It is used to create Personal Area Network. Zigbee is an IEEE
802.15.4 based specification. This IEEE standard describes physical and MAC layer only. Data
rate of Zigbee is 250 Kbps. Zigbee devices can use System-on-chip solutions with integrated
radio and 60-250 flash memory. Zigbee basically operates three frequency bands. In the
industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands and 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions
worldwide. In this operating frequency is 2.4 GHz and data transmission range are from 10 to
100 meters. It operates on 2.4 GHz with data rate of 250 Kbps. ZigBee supports three types of
network topologies; star topology, mesh topology, and combined topology. The ZigBee
concentrate on the low data rate and low power consumption, directed towards remote control
and military applications. ZigBee uses very low data rate and has a long battery life, which
makes it widely useful in monitoring and control applications. Therefore, markets as building
automation, industrial control, lighting in smart homes, personal health care, and commercial
control are perfect fits. The human interface devices such as keyboards, mice, joysticks etc.
and high-end remote control for consumer electronics are also good fits.

Page 21 of 32
CHAPTER 8

PROBLEM DEFINITION

In most countries chronic diseases lead to high health care costs and reduced
productivity of people in society. The best way to reduce costs of health sector and increase
the empowerment of people is prevention of chronic diseases and appropriate health activities
management through monitoring of patients. To enjoy the full benefits of E-health, making use
of methods and modern technologies is very important.
Healthcare applications are considered as promising fields for wireless sensor
networks, where patients can be monitored using wireless medical sensor networks (WMSNs).
Current WMSN healthcare research trends focus on patient reliable communication, patient
mobility, and energy-efficient routing, as a few examples. However, deploying new
technologies in healthcare applications without considering security makes patient privacy
vulnerable. Moreover, the physiological data of an individual are highly sensitive. Therefore,
security is a paramount requirement of healthcare applications, especially in the case of patient
privacy, if the patient has an embarrassing disease. Our aim is to instigate discussion on these
critical issues since the success of healthcare application depends directly on patient security
and privacy, for ethic as well as legal reasons.
Keywords: healthcare applications, healthcare security issues, patient privacy issues, medical
sensor networks, wireless sensor network, wireless body area network

Page 22 of 32
CHAPTER 9

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Recently there has been a change in people’s demands and expectations of health care
systems. Information is easily available through the internet which leads to increased patient
knowledge. Our demands are leading to health care that improve quality of life throughout the
continuum of life. Health care monitoring can now be done ubiquitously and there are several
different research projects into wearable health monitoring. However, the projects are at a
prototype stage and not in wide scale use.

Our project serves a purpose of providing a secured monitoring system to patients and
thereby transferring the real time information to the ICU patients’ attenders, Doctors and
Nurses unit. Finally, we will evaluate the solution from different perspectives. We will look
into the advantages and disadvantages for the patient, as well as look at the quality of the
software solution with regards to usability, functionality and future extensibility.

Page 23 of 32
CHAPTER 10

LITERATURE SURVEY

Various studies carried out using existing techniques that have been applied in the
field of patient monitoring. An extensive survey, which includes current trends in patient
monitoring systems and related work on the remote patient monitoring system, is presented.
The review then focuses in detail on Wireless Sensor Networks and its applications. This
project also reviews the current trends in remote monitoring of the post-operative patients in
hospital environments, elderly patients at home. Then a survey on the wireless sensor grid
and its applications in patient monitoring systems is also provided.

Our project mainly concentrate on ICU patients and thereby providing informations to
their attenders. We have done survey on many patients from numerous hospital and here we
are reporting a few about the availability of informations of their loved ones to patients.

Page 24 of 32
CHAPTER 11

RESULT

In this project, a ZIGBEE module is introduced between patient and attender.By a

unique identification code which will be implemented in all beds in ICU ward. An username
and password have to be typed in order to get information about the patients vital things like
heart rate, blood pressure and temperature. By this, the confusion of attender about the
ambiguity of getting information will become easier. Biggest scams in hospitals can be stopped.

This project design is a system to monitor the vital signs of a patient by using the
compact bio-medical wireless sensor notes on android. By using this project, we can
continuously monitor a priority-based patient health conditions during unfortunate seriousness
of the patient and give the service by wireless transmissions between medical devices and
continuously monitor the core temperature, heart rate and other physiological information’s.
Coming to the main core of wireless medical monitoring system and update in IOT.

Page 25 of 32
CHAPTER 12

ORGANISATION OF THE PROJECT

Initially an abstract will be written to give a brief note on the WIFI health care project.
A list of figures has been listed pertaining to each chapter, circuit diagrams and working model
is listed.

In Chapter 1, the objective of the project has been mentioned which includes the problems
which we are facing in our country mainly scams, we are highlighting the scams which are
happening in Hospitals. A brief idea of our project is mentioned and its effect to the hospital
environment. Technology improvement is highlighted and how that advancement has been
improvised for the betterment of the patients welfare.

In Chapter 2, I have mentioned about the project working and the how the components are
mounted to make the project work clearly. A WIFI technology that is ZIGBEE module has
been implemented to sent the information to the android set of the attenders to get the detailed
information of vital signs of patient.

In Chapter 3, Technical Specification of the project has been mentioned clearly, all the
components has been listed completely to get a detail list without any ambiguity.

In Chapter 4, Block diagram of transmitting unit has been presented which will give a detail
description of all the components and how it has been mounted .

In Chapter 5,6,7 and 8, the complete detailed working of the project has been mentioned.
Each and every part of the entire project has been explained with the working of each
component without fail.

In further chapters Problem Definition, Scope Of The Project, Literature Survey,Result, Application
And Advantages And Future Scope Of The Project has been mentioned in detail.

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CHAPTER 13

APPLICATIONS & ADVANTAGES OF LIFE HEALTH CARE

MONITORING SYSTEM

The APPLICATIONS of the automatic wireless health monitoring system mainly include the
following.

 The wireless health monitoring system is used to transfer the data from the TX section to
RX section wirelessly.
 The proposed system mainly focuses on the situation where the attender’s, doctors and
patients are at the distant location and it is very important to give the entire details about the
heartbeat and the temperature of the patient to the doctor and attender.
 Besides this if made particular changes in this project, it can also be applicable for
acknowledging the students with the fastest mode of information about certain notices.

The ADVANTAGES of the automatic wireless health monitoring system mainly include the
following.

 Associating the gap between the patients, doctors and attenders

 Best to be used in rural areas for multipurpose. So that all the conditions are simply
measured
 Operation of this device is very simple
 It gives a good performance when we compare with compact sensor.

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CHAPTER 14

CONCLUSION

I hereby wished to conclude my project working by mentioning its incredible usage in

the medical field where new research and development is taking place day by day.

This project will help, not only to patient’s attender and medical people. It also gives
peace to the soul of dead patient because no one has the authority to make money by exploiting
dead bodies.

Hospitals has to remain as a temple forever and not a money mongering institution and
Doctors should be the living God who the patient’s attender can rely on, trust from heart, who
cures the sufferings of the millions by heart and not for the sake of money.

This project design is a system to monitor the vital signs of a patient by using the
compact bio-medical wireless sensor notes on android. By using this project, we can
continuously monitor a priority-based patient health conditions during unfortunate seriousness
of the patient and give the service by wireless transmissions between medical devices and
continuously monitor the core temperature, heart rate and other physiological information’s.
Coming to the main core of wireless medical monitoring system and update in IOT.

I CONSIDER MY PROJECT AS A BIGGEST “GIFT FOR MANKIND”

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CHAPTER 15

AREAS OF FUTURE RESEARCH

Every project can be upgraded to new version or level by the advancement in science
and technology and research related to medical field day by day.

In medical field, nothing remains constant, every now and then new technology will arise &
implemented for people safety, healthy procedures for surgery and reduction of infection
aftermath of operations.

1. A CCTV Implementation
A cctv implementation in each machine will enable the patient’s attender to see their
loved ones even when they are at home or faraway places, thereby it will be relief for people.

2. Wireless Endoscopic Capsule

This helps the doctors to know about the various health conditions and infections of the
patient after surgery and especially for those patients who are suffering from tumours and
cancer. It gives valuable information about oesophagus, stomach, intestine, colon etc.

3. Medical Alarm

A medical alarm is an alarm system designed to signal the variations in the patient’s
health condition pertaining to BP,Heartrate,Temperature,Oxygen supply and carbon di oxide
concentration etc which requires urgent medical attention and to summon emergency medical
personnel. Other terms for a medical alarm are Personal Emergency Response
System (PERS) or medical alert.
Typical systems have a wireless pendant or transmitter that can be activated in an emergency.
When the medical alarm is activated, the signal is transmitted to an alarm monitoring nurse’s
unit, attenders lounge and other programmed phone numbers. Medical personnel are then sent
to ICU where the alarm was activated.
Elderly people and disabled people who live alone commonly use/require medical alarms.

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CHAPTER 16

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Text Books:

 ARM Architecture Reference Manual by David Seal: Addison-Wesley

 ARM System-on-chip Architecture by Steve Furber

 ARM System Developer's Guide

 Zigbee Wireless Networks and Transceivers by Shahin Farahani

 Microcontroller and Embedded System using Assembly and C by Muhammed Ali

Mazidi

 Electric Power Transformer Engineering by Martin J Heathcote

Websites:

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Mack, James E.; Shoemaker, Thomas (2006). "Chapter 15 - Distribution Transformers"(PDF). The
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Bedell, Frederick. "History of A-C Wave Form, Its Determination and

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"ZigBee Specification FAQ". Zigbee Alliance. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013.
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