Definite Integral

Definite Integral

Suppose f(x) is a continuous function on [a, b] and also suppose that F(x) is
any anti-derivative for f(x). Then,

𝒃 𝒃
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝑭 𝒙 =𝑭 𝒃 −𝑭 𝒂
𝒂 𝒂

To evaluate a definite integral the first thing to do is evaluate the indefinite

integral for the function. This should explain the similarity in the notations
for the indefinite and definite integrals. It is also requires the function to be
continuous in the interval of integration.
Definite Integral

Example: Evaluate each of the following.

2
2 −2 2𝑤 5 − 𝑤 + 3
𝑎. 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑓. 𝑑𝑤
1 𝑤2
2 𝜋
2
𝑏. 𝑦 3 + 2𝑦 −2 − 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑔. 2 sin 𝜃 − 5 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
1 0
𝜋
2 4
𝑐. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 ℎ.
𝜋
5 − 2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
−1 6
3 −1
3
1
𝑑. 6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 −2 − 5 𝑑𝑥 𝑖. −𝑥 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 −20 𝑒
0 3
𝑒. 𝑡 𝑡 − 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑗. 4𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦
4 0
Definite Integral

𝑎. 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦

Solution:
2 −2 𝒚𝟑 𝟏
𝑦 +𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = − +𝑪
𝟑 𝒚

2
𝑏. 𝑦 3 + 2𝑦 −2 − 1 𝑑𝑦
1

Solution: 2
2
3 −2
𝑦4 2
𝑦 + 2𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦 = − −𝑦
1 4 𝑦
1

2 4 2 1 4 2
= − − 2 − − − 1
4 2 4 1

𝟏𝟓
=
𝟒
Definite Integral
2
𝑐. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 −2
𝑑𝑥 = −
1
𝑥=0
=
1
−1 𝑥 0

Solution:

Recall that in order to do an integral the integrand must be continuous in the

range of the limits. In this case the second term will have division by zero at x
= 0 and since x = 0 is in the interval of integration, i.e. it is between the lower
and upper limit, this integrand is not continuous in the interval of integration
and so we can’t do this integral.
3
𝑑. 6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 −2 − 5 𝑑𝑥
1
Solution: 3
3
1
6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 −2 − 5 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 3 − − 5𝑥
1 𝑥
1

3
1 3
1
=2 3 − −5 3 − 2 1 − −5 1
3 1
116 𝟏𝟐𝟖
= +4=
3 𝟑
Definite Integral
0
𝑒. 𝑡 𝑡 − 2 𝑑𝑡
4
Solution:
0 0 3 1
𝑡 𝑡 − 2 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡2 − 2𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
4 4
0
0 3 0 1 2 5 4 3
= 𝑡2 𝑑𝑡 − 2 𝑡2 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡2 − 𝑡2
4 4
5 3
4
2 5 4 3 𝟑𝟐
=0− 4 2− 4 2 =−
5 3 𝟏𝟓
2
2𝑤 5 − 𝑤 + 3
𝑓. 2
𝑑𝑤
1 𝑤

Solution:
2 2
2𝑤 5 − 𝑤 + 3 1 3
𝑑𝑤 = 2𝑤 3 − + 2 𝑑𝑤
1 𝑤2 1 𝑤 𝑤
2
𝑤4 3 3 1
= − ln 𝑤 − = 2 − ln 2 − − − ln 1 − 3 = 𝟗 − 𝒍𝒏 𝟐
2 𝑤 4 2
1
Definite Integral
𝜋
2
𝑔. 2 sin 𝜃 − 5 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
0

Solution:
𝜋 𝜋
2 2
2 sin 𝜃 − 5 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = −2 cos 𝜃 − 5 sin 𝜃
0 0
𝜋 𝜋
= −2 cos − 5 sin − −2 cos 0 − 5 sin 0 = −5 + 2 = −3
2 2
𝜋
4
ℎ. 5 − 2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜋
6
Solution:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
4 4 4
5 − 2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 5 𝑑𝜃 − 2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
6 6 6
𝜋
4 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= 5𝜃 − 2 sec 𝜃 𝜋 = 5 − 2 sec − 5 − 2 sec
6 4 4 6 6
𝟓𝝅 𝟒
= −𝟐 𝟐+
𝟏𝟐 𝟑
Definite Integral
−1
3 1
𝑖. −𝑥
− 𝑑𝑥
−20 𝑒 3𝑥
Solution:
−1
−1
3 1 1
−𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑒 𝑥 − ln 𝑥
−20 𝑒 3𝑥 3
−20

−1
1 −20
1 𝟏
= 3𝑒 − ln −1 − 3𝑒 − ln −20 = 𝟑𝒆−𝟏 − 𝟑𝒆−𝟐𝟎 + 𝒍𝒏 𝟐𝟎
3 3 𝟑
3
𝑗. 4𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦
0
Solution:
3
4𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦
0

Since the integrand is in absolute value, by definition of the absolute value

𝑥 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
𝑥 =
−𝑥 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 𝟎
Definite Integral
1
The quantity inside the absolute value is positive if y > 4 , and it is
1 1
Negative if y < 4. Notice that y = 4 is in the interval of integration, then

1
3 3
4
4𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦 = 4𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦 + 4𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦
1
0 0
4

1
Now, in the first integrals we have y < 4 and so 4𝑦 − 1 < 0 in this interval of
integration. That means we can drop the absolute value bars if we put in a minus
1
sign. Likewise, in the second integral we have y > 4 which means that in this
interval of integration we have 4𝑦 − 1 > 0 and we can just drop the absolute value
bars in this integral. After getting rid of the absolute value bars in each integral we
can do each integral.

1
3 4 3
4𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦 = − 4𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦 + 4𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦
1
0 0 4
Definite Integral

1
4 3
= −4𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑦 + 4𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑦
1
0 4
1
4 3
= −2𝑦 2 +𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 −𝑦 1
0 4

2 2
1 1 2
1 1
= −2 + − 0 + 2 3 − 3 − 2 −
4 4 4 4

1 1
= + 15 +
8 8

𝟔𝟏
=
𝟒