Tips in Editorial Writing (English and Filipino)

1. Sa editoryal, dapat may paninindigan ka, dapat you know what is really your stand on a specific issue.
2. Always remember sa structuring ng article mo dapat intro, body, conclusion.
3. Try to have an argumentative editorial article yung tipong dalawang stand yung ipapakita mo but in the end may
isa kang stand talaga.
4. Iwasan ang paggamit ng mga personal pronouns. Common mistake to ng editoryal writer.
5. Straight forward ka dapat sa isang editorial article walang paligoy-ligoy.
6. One word headline ang advisable sa editoryal yung tipong isang salita lang pero iba yung impact pag binasa.

1. Be familiar with editorial genres- Editorial has different genres like editorial of information,
persuasion, argumentation, commendation, special occasion and others. You must know the different genres
before writing it.
2. Do research- Since editorial page in a newspaper is considered as "battle page", trying to get the
attention of the readers, editorial writing must be supported by facts and not merely on opinions because it
may sounded as "hearsay". Doing research and gathering facts will strengthen your article.
3. Organize ideas- As you collect some facts, time to organize some ideas. And analyze if some of the
facts will be good enough to place in an editorial article. Ensure coherence and connection of ideas.
4. Write- It's time to write your editorial article. Here is my tips: In writing an editorial particularly in
an introduction, try newspeg. What is a newspeg? A mixture of facts and your stand or opinion. For example,
I write an article about President Aquino seeking for emergency power, my style of introduction goes like
this: " What should President Aquino need is a political will, not emergency power to address power crisis".
Or your standpoint or opinion about a particular issue. After the introduction, include your factual basis in
the paragraph, following your opinion. In the ending part, end it with your conclusion or an ending question
but please do not started in the phrase like "I therefore conclude......" It is not a scientific report.
5. Be professional- in writing an editorial, be professional. Do not write slanderous, libelous remarks.
Also, in an editorial proper, do not use the word "I, me" and instead use "we, our, us" because it represents
the opinion and stand of the public. For personal editorial or editorial column, it is okay to use "I".
People shouldn’t be buying cars w/o garage
- Bobit S. Avila (The Philippine Star) - August 20, 2019 - 12:00am
Call it a dream come true for me in our desperate search for improving our traffic
problems, but there seems to be light at the end of the tunnel if Congress comes up with
a bill that stops people from buying cars unless they have a parking space for the
car. Mind you, some years ago, I would travel to Tokyo, Japan and found that their traffic
congestion was worse than the Philippines, but that was 20 years ago when we really did
not have that much traffic. But the Japanese government created a law that prohibited
people from purchasing cars or motor vehicles unless they show that they have a parking
space for it. I was just in Tokyo four years ago and traffic there is still crowded but smooth
running. It solved their traffic woes.

I just read the news that Sen. Sherwin Gatchalian is pushing the bill mandating all vehicle
owners to show their proof of parking space before deciding to park on any road. The
Gatchalian bill comes following President Rodrigo Duterte’s fourth State of the Nation
Address that mentioned how private motorists use public roads to park their vehicles
anywhere. Call this bill a bit short of what many people really wanted for people who buy
cars to show proof of where they park their cars.

Mind you, I live in Capitol Hills, less than half a kilometer behind the Cebu Provincial
Capitol and when my father built his house, it was the only house next to the Villalon
Mansion on top of the hill. In 1960 we had no neighbors and the nearest village was
Beverly Hills, which was a kilometer and a half from our home and yes, there were only
two houses in Beverly Hills at that time. Unfortunately for us, the land beside our home
was owned by the Province of Cebu and years later it eventually became a squatter
colony. I have no doubt that many people have improved financially, which I find really a
very good thing for Philippine society.

But 20 years ago, our neighborhood squatter colony burned to the ground and we thought that they
would abandon their charred homes. On the contrary, five months after the fire, most of the homes
built of wood were rebuilt using hollow blocks and cement. It was then that I realized that my
neighbors already had good jobs that pay well enough for them to afford a new car. But they did
not want to lose their present house, which occupy government owned property for nothing!

Last week when the City of Cebu ordered the traffic management to tow away cars parked along
the streets literally blocking the roadway, 200 cars were removed. Most of the owners complained
in their Facebook page, asking the city government where would they park their cars? Frankly
speaking, they should get a house in new communities in Cebu City’s bedroom communities either
in town of Consolacion or Liloan, while communities there are still affordable. Someday parking
space in Metro Cebu would become sky high.

Just for the heck of it, I googled and learned where and how much was the most expensive parking
space in the world, and the highest happen to be in Hong Kong where a resident spent HK$6
million ($760,000) for a parking space inside a financial complex in Hong Kong called the Sun
Hung Kai Properties Luxury project.
House approves bill on higher beer, liquor taxes
Jess Diaz (The Philippine Star) - August 21, 2019 - 12:00am
MANILA, Philippines — The House of Representatives, voting 184-2 with one abstention, last night approved on third and
final reading a bill increasing excise taxes on beer, gin, wines and other intoxicating drinks.

The House, under the leadership of Speaker Alan Peter Cayetano, passed it just one month since the convening of the
18th Congress last July 22. It is the first measure the larger chamber approved.

Cayetano said his chamber has to prioritize tax measures to support the proposed P4.1-trillion national budget for next
year.

The alcohol tax increase measure will now be transmitted to the Senate, which failed to pass it in the last Congress.

The committee on ways and means chaired by Albay Rep. Joey Salceda endorsed the bill.

Under the proposed law, for distilled spirits, starting 2020, there will be a 22 percent ad valorem tax on the net retail price
(excluding excise and value-added taxes), plus a specific tax of P30 per proof liter.

In addition to the 22 percent ad valorem tax, a specific tax per proof liter of P40 will be imposed, which will go up to P40 in
2021 and P45 in 2022, and then by seven percent annually starting in 2023. The ad valorem tax will remain at 22 percent.

For sparkling wines, the bill proposes an ad valorem tax of 15 percent of the net retail price per liter, plus a specific tax of
P656 per liter. The specific tax will increase by seven percent in 2021 onwards.

For still and carbonated wines, the levy will be P60 per liter in 2020, to be increased by seven percent starting 2021.

The tax on beer and other fermented liquors, and mixed drinks with 10-percent alcohol content will be P32 per liter
starting 2020, P34 in 2021 and P36 in 2022, rising by seven percent starting in 2023.

The proposed law also increases taxes on e-cigarette products.

For instance, the tax on heated tobacco products will be P45 per pack of 20 units, going up to P50 in 2021, P55 in 2022,
and P60 in 2023.

For vapor products with nicotine salt, the levy will be P30 tax per milliliter in 2020, rising to P35 in 2021, P40 in 2022 and
P45 in 2023.

For conventional “freebase” or “classic” nicotine products, the tax will be P4.50 per milliliter in P2020, P5 in 2021, P5.50 in
2022 and P6 in 2023. It will increase by five percent every year starting 2024.

The bulk of additional revenues from the proposed law would go to the universal health care program, which aims to
provide PhilHealth insurance coverage to all Filipinos.

The House-approved rates are lower than what the Department of Finance (DOF) had proposed.

For instance, in the case of beer, the DOF wanted a P40-per liter (about three bottles), P8 more than the House-approved
P32.

DOF Undersecretary Karl Kendrick Chua told reporters last Thursday that they were not happy with the House version of
the alcohol tax increase bill.

He said the DOF version would bring in P33 billion in additional revenues, nearly half of incremental collection from the
House measure.

“We are not satisfied with the House version, but it’s a starting point. We hope to convince senators to go for higher rates
for the universal health care program,” Chua said.

He said had congressmen adopted the DOF version, the expected additional revenues from alcohol levies would be P33
billion a year.

Responding to questions, Chua said the P30-billion funding gap for expanded health care would mean that the program
would cover fewer Filipinos or health services would be scaled down.

Either way, he said it is the targeted beneficiaries who will suffer, he said.
Duterte vows EO to address LGBT issues

Cecille Suerte Felipe (The Philippine Star) - August 21, 2019 - 12:00am
MANILA, Philippines — President Duterte has vowed to sign an executive order aimed at threshing
out issues being raised by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) groups, Sen. Christopher
Go said yesterday.

The President made the promise after a meeting Tuesday night with LGBT advocates at Malacañang
arranged by Go.

Go set up the meeting upon the request of key LGBTQ advocates led by Boobsie Savares. Also
invited to the meeting was Gretchen Diez, a transwoman who figured in the news recently for being
arrested after an altercation with a janitress at a mall who had prevented her from using a restroom
for female customers. Bataan Rep. Geraldine Roman was also at the meeting.

The planned EO is intended to partly address LGBT concerns as lawmakers continue discussions on
the Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression (SOGIE) Equality Bill and the Anti-
Discrimination Bill.

“While waiting for the passage of the SOGIE bill, the President said ‘I might sign an EO creating
LGBT Commission.’ Still being studied, one of the proposals he told the group,” Go told Senate
reporters, recalling what transpired at the Palace meeting. He said he couldn’t tell yet when the
President intends to issue the EO.

Go also said the government, together with LGBTQ groups, also plans to organize a national LGBTQ
convention – possibly by September – where advocates from different regions can raise their
concerns and come up with policy proposals to promote and protect their welfare.

“This LGBT convention is for everyone who would like to suggest or share insights on improving the
welfare of every LGBT,” he added.

“They really wanted the President to hear their grievances, and they were happy to get the President
to listen to them. Now, there is hope for the laws they’re pushing for,” Go said.

On the SOGIE Bill proposed by Sen. Risa Hontiveros, Go said he wanted to listen to all the ideas of
his colleagues in the Senate.

He has been vocal in his support for the proposed SOGIE law. He manifested his support for the bill
during the Senate session on Aug. 14.
Topic: HIV/AIDS (NSPC 2015, 2nd)
Putulin ang Pulang Laso ng Kamatayan!
__________________________________
Nakakaalarma ang muling paglobo ng mga kaso ng Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV) sa bansa, kaya naman todo – bantay ang Department of Health (DOH) sa
papalalang kaso sa bansa lalo na sa ibang mga lugar na may malaking antas ng pag –
taas. Ngunit sapat nga ba ang ginagawa ng gobyerno upang bumaba man lang ang
bilang ng mga kasong ito?
Ang HIV ay isang sakit na kalimita’y nakukuha sa sekswal na contact sa isang
pasyenteng may nasabing sakit nito. Ngunit kahit na 23,709 na kaso ng HIV/AIDS ang
naitala sa bansa simula 1984 ay napapantayan naman ito ng mga kaukulang aksyon
ng gobyerno.
Una, nagkakaroon ng mga information campaign, na sinisimulan ng mga kawani ng
kagawaran sa mga lugar na may pinakamataas na antas ng HIV sa bansa, gaya na
lamang ng Quezon City, Manila, Caloocan, Cebu, Davao at Cagayan de Oro – patunay
na masigasig ang pamahalaan sa pagbaba ng kaso ng HIV, hindi lamang sa mga lugar
na ito, maging sa buong bansa.
Pangalawa, ginagawang libre, at kung hindi man, ay abot – kaya ang mga pasilidad na
ginagamit para sa pagsusuri ng mga kaso ng HIV/AIDS, pati ang paggagamot dito.
Nagpatayo ang kagawaran ng kalusugan ng iba’t ibang mga ‘treatment hubs’ sa mga
lokalidad upang magbigay ng mga Anti – Retroviral Treatment (AVT), na isang
manipestasyon na kayang tugunan ng kagawaran ang pangangailangan ni Juan sa
mga kaso ng HIV sa lipunan.
Pangatlo, naipasa na ang Reproductive Health Law, nakabinbin sa kongreso ng halos
isang dekada, na pinirmahan ni Pangulong Benigno Aquino III noong Disyembre,
2012. Sa RH Law ay natutugunan ang mga pangangailangan ng mga taong may
HIV/AIDS, at nagbibigay ito ng kaukulang impormasyon sa publiko upang maiwasan
ang isa sa mga pinakakinatatakutang sakit sa mundo.
At higit sa lahat, sa pamamagitan ng pamamahayag ay nabigyan ng impormasyon ang
publiko tungkol sa HIV/AIDS. Sa tulong ng kagawaran at pamahalaan ay nagagamit ng
pamamahayag ang kapangyarihan nito upang magbigay impormasyon sa publiko, sa
pamamagitan ng mga TV Advertisements, mga Information Dissemination Campaign,
at mga palabas na nagbibigay impormasyon ukol sa sakit na ito.
Nagiging tulay ang pamamahayag sa isang lipunang ligtas, matatag at malayo sa
kapahamakan.
Tayo’y nasa isang mundo kung saan ay napakaraming problema, at isa na rito ang
papataas na kaso ng HIV. Hahayaan na lang ba nating tumaas ang kaso ng mga
biktima kung puwede naman natin itong pigilan sa simula?
Malinaw na may ginagawa ang gobyerno ang kanilang makakaya upang pigilan ang
mga kaso ng HIV sa bansa sa pagtaas. Ngunit hindi lamang ang pamahalaan ang
gagawa ng kilos ukol dito, tayo rin! Ugaliin ang pagiging matapat sa kabiyak o
katuwang sa buhay. Magkaroon ng impormasyon sa bawat kilos ng pamahalaan, at
higit sa lahat, makialam. Upang sa huli, sana’y sabay – sabay nating puputulin ang
pulang laso ng kamatayan! (End)
Topic: Disaster Preparedness (RSPC, 1st)
Paghahandang Walang Patutunguhan
_____________________________________________
Nakapanlulumong isipin na tila isang "tourist spot" ang Pilipinas dahil sa sandamakmak
na mga kalamidad na dumadayo sa ating bansa; kaya naman todo ang paghahanda
ng mga mamamayan at pamahalaan sa tuwing may banta ng kalikasan. Ngunit sapat
nga ba talaga ang paghahanda ng bansa laban sa samu't saring kalamidad na
maaaring tumama?
“Most Disaster-Prone Country in the World” kung koronahan tayo ng Times Magazine,
ngunit kahit na sandamakmak na Yolanda, lindol at kalamidad na ang tumama sa ating
bayan ay hindi pa rin natututo si Juan.
Una, hindi pa rin upgraded ang samu’t saring kagawaran sa mga pamahalaan. Gaya
na lamang sa Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA), halos luma na ang mga pasilidad, kaya naman
nagkakaroon ng mga pagkakamali sa pagbibigay ng prediksyon gaya na lamang ng
pagbibigay ng babala na milya – milya ang pagkakaiba sa iba’t ibang weather
agencies sa buong mundo.
Idagdag mo pa dito ang Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHILVOCS) na tila kinakalawang na ang mga iskalang kailangan upang masiguro ang
kaligtasan sa tuwing may lindol o may sasabog na bulkan.
Pangalawa, wala pang permanenteng plano ang pamahalaan sa mangyayari
pagkatapos ng isang sakuna. Gaya na lamang ng nangyari sa bagyong Yolanda, oo,
may bilyon – bilyong donasyon mula sa samu’t saring mga bansa at milyon – milyong
relief goods, ngunit kahit ang relief o ginhawa ay hindi pa naranasan ng mga
nasalanta.
Isa rin ang National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council na tila walang
aksyon sapagkat wala namang presensya sa mga mamamayan.
Pati ang mga pulitiko na himbis tulungan ang mga nasalanta sa tuwing may nasalanta
ay magpapabango sa mga mamamayan – na himbis magbigay ng ginhawa sa mga
nasalanta ng lindol o bagyo ay magbibigay pa ng sakit ng ulo.
Ngunit hindi lang pamahalaan ang may pagkukulang, sapagkat maging ang mga
mamamayan ay may kinalaman din sa ganitong problema ng bayan.
Isa na dito ang kawalan ng disiplina ng mga mamamayan sa tuwing may kalamidad, at
isang pangunahing rason kung bakit hindi kelanman nangyayari ang “zero casualty” na
programa ng pamahalaan. Himbis na nasa evacuation center ang mga mamamayan
ay nais na lamang maiwan, dahil sa negosyo o sa mga personal na kagamitan.
Idagdag mo pa ang talamak na nakawan o looting na nagaganap matapos ang isang
bagyo. Magugulat ka na lamang na bukas ang 168 Mall o kaya’y Robinson’s na
pinagkaisahan na ng mga nasalanta at dala ang samu’t saring ninakaw sa mga
tindahan – maging ang mga pamilihang bayan.
Sabi nga ng isang Britong mamamahayag, kailangan pang magkaroon ng isang
sakuna bago makita ang sandamakmak na problema. Hihintayin pa ba natin ang
marami pang Yolanda, lindol at kalamidad bago tayo matuto?
Malinaw na hindi pa sapat ang paghahanda ng bansa sa tuwing may banta ng sakuna.
Dapat ay maglaan na ng karampatang badyet sa mga kagawaran ng may kinalaman
sa sakuna, magkaroon ng ugnayan ang pamahalaan sa mga mamamayan, o ‘di kaya’y
magturo sa mga mamamayan ng tamang disiplina – para naman sa huli, masabi
nating ang pait at sakit ng nakaraan ang magiging batayan ng pagbabago natin sa
kinabukasan – kahit ngayon, ang paghahanda natin ay wala pang patutunguhan.
What is an editorial?
~> an opinionated article well-supported by facts.
An editorial has 5 parts: Title, Lead, Body, Conclusion, and Solution.
■Title
-should be catchy and not flowery
-brief (1-3 words only)
- 3-5-1 rule. 3 words will do, 5 is off, 1 is the best.
■Lead
There are 3 ways to write a lead.
1. News-then-stand
2. Stand-then-news
3. 1 sentence intro
■Body
-present the arguments
-strong to strongest
-evidence-based
-present the other side of the issue on the last two sentences of the body
■Conclusion
-summary
-persuade the readers to believe
■Solution
-call to action
-avoid shallow or trivial questions
Laging alalahanin ang SPECS.
S-ituation (state the problem)
P-osition (your stand)
E-vidences (explain)
C-onclusion
S-olution
Kapag nagkulang, kulang na rin ang editorial mo. Babay RSPC and NSPC ka na 'pag nagkataon.
Here are some TIPS:
▪Commonly, an editorial has 6-8 paragraphs.
▪Use 1st person pronouns except "I" and "ako" kapag nagpapabatid ka ng opinyon mo (we, us).
▪Avoid repetition of words. Baka may mamilosopong kumag diyan na paano raw ang "is", "the", and the likes. May
common sense naman tayo 'di ba?
▪Avoid repetition of ideas. Katamad nan basahin.
▪No cut and paste. Have your own stand!
▪Add information na wala sa fact sheet. Sa RSPC at NSPC, walang fact sheet. Maghanda ka na magsaulo ng mga
batas at information.
▪Avoid articles and determiners (a, an, the). Be creative.
▪Think outside the box. Make it unique.
▪Use outline, not scratch. Mauubos oras mo. 1 hour lang ang time, beh!
▪Be firm.
▪Avoid too much generalization, be specific.
▪You can add some figurative language but it should be limited to three.
▪Make it interesting.
▪Avoid contractions, spell it out. (can't ~> cannot)
▪Don't ask questions. Find a solution! 'Wag mo pasakitin ang ulo ng mambabasa mo para tanungin pa kung anong
dapat nilang gawin.
▪'Yung title mo banggitin mo sa first or last sentence ng lead.
▪'Wag na 'wag ka magmumura.
▪Target the issue, not the person. Ex: "STUPIDuterte" as title. Mali na 'yan kasi si Duterte 'yung tinarget mo at hindi
ang issue plus nagmura ka pang hayup ka. Editorial ang ginagawa mo hindi column. Don't make it personal.
▪Don't preach.
▪Encourage them to do something, not direct them to do something.
Tips naman kapag lalaban na:
▪Dapat may armas ka. Make sure na hindi ka nalampasan ng balita. Minsan kasi kahit matagal na ang issue, 'yun
pa rin ang topic na ibibigay.
▪Makinig ka sa judge. Kung ano ang gusto ng judge, 'yun ang gawin mo. Kahit pa sabi ni SPA gan'to gan'yan e kung
iba ang sabi nung judge. Sino susundin mo? Siyempre 'yung magdi-decide kung mananalo ka.
▪Hindi ka naghahanap ng bebe. Lalaban ka, hindi lalandi. Kaya 'di ka nananalo, e.
▪Focus ka sa goal mo. Kung hindi mo nakikita ang sarili mo sa NSPC, malabong umabot ka sa regional.
▪Makipag-usap ka lang sa kalaban mo kapag tapos na ang contest.

LGBTQ Commission pinag-aaralan ni Digong - Go

Malou Escudero (Pilipino Star Ngayon) - August 21, 2019 - 12:00am

MANILA, Philippines – Commission upang mai-promote at maprotektahan ang kapakanan

ng nasabing hanay.

Siniguro din ni Sen. Go na suportado ni Pangulong Duterte ang LGBTQ community

matapos makipagpulong ito sa LGBTQ advocates sa Malacañang.

Si Sen. Go ang namagitan upang makipagpulong ang LGBTQ advocates sa pangunguna

ni Boobsie Savares kasama si 1st District of Bataan Rep. Geraldine Roman at Gretchen
Diez, ang transwoman na pinagbawalang gumamit ng female CR sa isang mall sa
Quezon City.

Ipinabatid ng Pangulo sa nasabing sector na isusulong nito sa Kongreso na maaprubahan

ang SOGIE (Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression) Equality Bill na
magbibigay proteksyon sa karapatan ng bawat indibidwal na walang diskriminasyon.

Kabilang din sa napag-usapan ang panukalang bumuo ng isang commission para sa

LGBTQ habang hindi pa nakakapasa ang SOGIE law.

Pabor din ang Pangulo na magkaroon ng 3rd CR na para lamang sa mga LGBTQ
community upang hindi na maulit ang nangyari kay Diez.

“We are all equal under the law and it is our duty in this institution to ensure that all
Filipinos—regardless of their age, sex, religion, ethnicity or gender orientation—are
treated equally and justly,” wika ni Go.
Meron bang 'heinous crime' sa ngayon? SC nagpaliwanag
James Relativo (Philstar.com) - August 23, 2019 - 3:20pm

MANILA, Philippines — Matapos dumistansya ng Korte Suprema sa posibleng paglaya ng

isang convicted rapist-murderer, naungkat ngayong Biyernes kung meron nga umiiral na
pakahulugan sa "heinous" o karumal-dumal na krimen sa ngayon.
Sa Republic Act 10592 kasi, na gagamitin para malaman kung makalalaya si ex-Calauan
Mayor Antonio Sanchez, sinasabing hindi eligible para sa pinalawig na good conduct time
allowance ang mga napatunayang gumawa ng "heinous crimes."
"[R]ecidivists, habitual delinquents, escapees and persons charged with heinous crimes
are excluded from the coverage of this Act."

Binabawasan ng GCTA ang sintensyang ipinapataw sa isang krimal kaugnay ng mabuting

asal na ipinamalas sa loob ng kulungan.

Kung sa lagay ni Sanchez, humaharap siya sa pitong counts ng reclusion perpetua

(hanggang 40 taong pagkakakulong) dahil sa panghahalay at pagkamatay nina Eileen
Sarmenta at Allan Gomez, mga estudyante ng UP Baños, noong 1993.
Pinarusahan din siya ng karagdagang dalawang reclusion perpetua para sa isa pang
murder case taong 1999, kung kaya't 360 taong pagkakakulong ang kanyang hinaharap.
Ayon sa Revised Penal Code, sabay-sabay na sine-serve ng nahatulan ang kanyang
sentensya at hindi siya maaring lumagpas ng 40 na taon sa piitan.

Walang 'heinous crime' sa ngayon

Isinalarawan sa RA 7659, o death penalty law, ang pakahulugan ng heinous crime, na
noo'y pinarurusahan ng kamatayan.

"[T]heir inherent or manifest wickedness, viciousness, atrocity and perversity are

repugnant and outrageous to the common standards and norms of decency and morality
in a just, civilized and ordered society."

Ilan sa mga heinous crimes na dating pwedeng patawan ng bitay ay ang:

 treason
 qualified piracy
 murder
 kidnapping and serious illegal detention
 rape na ginawa gamit ang deadly weapon
 panghahalay ng dalawa pataas na katao at pagkamatay (homicide) ng biktima dahil
dito
 atbp.

Sa kaso ni Sanchez, napatunayan ang kanilang paggamit ng baril at pagkamatay ng

biktima habang siya'y gina-gang rape, na pasok sa lumang depenisyon ng heinous crime.

Gayunpaman, na-repeal at na-amyendahan ang RA 8177 at RA 7659 taong 2006, dahilan

para masuspinde ang pagpapatupad ng bitay.
Simula nito, walang aktibong batas na nagbibigay pakahulugan sa heinous crime sa
kasalukuyan.