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CABUYAO CITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

AND MANAGEMENT OFFICE
THANK YOU!
 PREPARING FOR LARGE
EARTHQUAKES: AN AWARENESS
CAMPAIGN
A DISASTER RESILIENCY PROGRAM
HEADED BY THE CITY MAYOR
HON. ATTY. ROMMEL A. GECOLEA
THRU THE PNC UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT:
DR. ISABEL F. INLAYO
Speaker
MR. RODOLFO DEREZ JR.
CDRRMO AND RESCUE 911 Head – Cabuyao City

PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
20 JULY 2019
Philippines ranked 3rd in
the countries prone to
natural hazards and also
3rd in the countries that
area disaster prone
 COMMON NATURAL HAZARDS
IN THE PHILIPPINES

Earthquake Tsunami Volcanic eruption

Typhoon Storm surge Flood Landslide

 Earthquake Activity in the Philippines
(~90 destructive earthquakes for past 400 years)
 Recent Large Earthquakes

M7.8 Luzon Earthquake July 16, 1990 M7.2 Bohol Earthquake October 2013

M6.9 Negros Earthquake February 2012 M7.9 Moro Gulf Earthquake and
Tsunami August 1976
FEBRUARY 10, 2017 M6.7 SURIGAO DEL
NORTE EARTHQUAKE
APRIL 2017 M5.5 – M6.0 BATANGAS EARTHQUAKES

Camp Netanya Resort, Mabini Mabini, General Hospital

Taal Basilica San Francisco, Mabini

 Disaster Losses
• Life loss or Injury
• Damage to buildings, infrastructures, properties,
equipment
• Loss of lifelines – water, energy/electricity,
communication, transport systems (roads,
bridges, rail, seaport, airport)
• Damage to or interruption of food supply
• Loss of public and other critical services
• Loss of business or revenues from business
interruption
• Disruption of economic development
 Disaster Imagination

• Need to have science-based hazard and

risk scenarios for extreme (large scale)
events
Earthquake-related Hazards
 EARTHQUAKE-RELATED HAZARDS
Inland Earthquake

Fault

Faulting (Ground)
Rupture Ground Shaking Liquefaction

Landslide
Fire
 FAULTS
• fractures where rock
Strike Slip movement has taken
place and
earthquakes have
been produced

Normal • active faults are

those that moved in
the last 10,000 years

Thrust or
Reverse
 Fault (Ground) Rupture

1990MLuzon
1990 7.8 Luzon Earthquake
Ground Rupture

2013 M 7.2 Bohol Earthquake

Earthquake Hazard – Surface Faulting

House, Mindoro, Philippines 1994 Road, Luzon, Philippines 1990

School ground, Sichuan, China 2008 Bridge,Taiwan 1999

Surface rupture of the 06 July 2017 M6.5 Leyte
Earthquake
AVOIDING EFFECTS GROUND RUPTURE
• Avoid
construction of
structures on
top of an active
fault

• House or
building should
be at least 5
meters away
from the trace
of the fault
 Valley Fault System
• East Valley Fault
• 10 km (M6.2)
• Municipalities of Rodriguez
and San Mateo, Rizal
• West Valley Fault
• 100 km (M7.2)
• Bulacan ((Doña Remedios
Trinidad, Norzagaray and San
Jose Del Monte City)
• Rizal (Rodriguez)
• Quezon City, Marikina City, Pasig
City, Makati City, Taguig City and
Muntinlupa City
• Laguna (San Pedro City,
Biñan City, Sta. Rosa City,
Cabuyao City and Calamba
City)
• Cavite (Carmona, General
Mariano Alvarez and Silang)
GROUND RUPTURE HAZARD MAP OF LAGUNA
 Hazard and risk information through
web application – PHIVOLCS FaultFinder
• The PHIVOLCS FaultFinder, is a web-based online application to locate the
nearest active fault from a specified location or the named barangay. This
application facilitates easy access to quality data for disaster preparedness, land
use, risk assessment and in real-estate.

URL: http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
 GROUND SHAKING
Up and down Sideways

Building Collapse

Falling Objects
 STRENGTH OF EARTHQUAKE:
MAGNITUDE VERSUS INTENSITY

INTENSITY
Effect or felt strength at the surface

MAGNITUDE
Energy released during
earthquake.
PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)
I - Scarcely Perceptible
II - Slightly Felt
III - Weak
IV - Moderately Strong
V - Strong

VI - Very Strong
VII - Destructive
VIII - Very Destructive
IX - Devastating
X - Completely Devastating
Earthquake Hazard – Ground Shaking

Freeway, California USA 1989 From USGS Hotel, Baguio, Philippines 1990

From
Electricity, Kathmandu, Nepal 2015
Interchange, California USA cessnaclub172.com
1994
Building Collapse
in Kananga, Leyte

Before and after picture of

a buiding in Municipality of
Kalanga
GROUND SHAKING HAZARD MAP OF LAGUNA
 LIQUEFACTION

• Loose, water-rich sediments behave like

liquid during strong ground shaking.
• Sediments are rearranged into a more
compact state.
 LIQUEFACTION
Localities prone to
liquefaction
a) water-saturated (shallow
water table), low-lying
Subsidence

b) Have loose
(unconsolidated), sand or
silt deposits

Rise of buried pipes, tanks • river banks, abandoned

rivers, flood plains
• coastlines
• swamps
• reclaimed land

Lateral spreading
 LIQUEFACTION EFFECTS

Lateral spreading & oscillation mark on school building

LIQUEFACTION HAZARD MAP OF LAGUNA
 LANDSLIDE
• Down slope movement of rocks, soil and other debris commonly
triggered by heavy rain and strong earthquakes

Effects:
• erosion
• burial
• blockage
Road destroyed by quake-triggered
landslide China (2008). From Nie, CEA.
EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

Community below the

landslide impact in Brgy.
Tongonan
(Photo Source: PNP-Ormoc
City
EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD
MAP OF LAGUNA
Earthquake Hazards and Risk
in Metro Manila and
Surrounding Provinces Like
Laguna
 Latest Damaging Earthquake in
Metro Manila

• M 7.3 Casiguran, Aurora

Earthquake, 02 August
1968
• Ruby Tower in Manila
collapsed – 268 killed, 260
injured
Earthquake Generators in Metro Manila
and Vicinity

Active Faults

Trenches
The Valley Fault System
• West Valley Fault
(WVF) ~ 100 km =
M7.2
• East Valley Fault ~ 10
km = M6.2
• WVF moved 4 times
generating major
earthquakes in past
1400 years based on
trenching; movement
interval ~ 400 to 600
years
Scenario: Magnitude 7.2 Along West Valley Fault
NUEVA ECIJA
TARLAC

ZAMBALES
PAMPANGA

BULACAN
BATAAN
RIZAL
NCR

CAVITE

LAGUNA

BATANGAS

Ground Shaking Intensity

INTENSITY VIII (VERY DESTRUCTIVE)
GROUND SHAKING

1995 Kobe Earthquake

INTENSITY VIII (VERY DESTRUCTIVE)
GROUND SHAKING

1995 Kobe Earthquake

 BUILDING AND CASUALTY ESTIMATES
FOR METRO MANILA FROM A WEST VALLEY FAULT EARTHQUAKE
M7.2
Total Floor Area in Complete 88,142,000
to Collapsed Damage (sqm)

Total Floor Area in Slight 172,924,000

to Extensive Damage (sqm)

Total Fatalities (Death) 31,000

Total Injuries Very Serious 14,000

Serious 112,000
Slight 385,000

Total Economic Losses (millions of PhP) 2,269,000

Risk Analysis Project, 2013 – PHIVOLCS, GA (AusAID)
 Casualty Estimates
FOR METRO MANILA AND SURROUNDING PROVINCES
FROM A WEST VALLEY FAULT M7.2 EARTHQUAKE
LOCATION FATALITIES VERY SERIOUS INJURY

Metro Manila 34,714 17,782

Bulacan 2,848 1,137

Rizal 3,266 1,640

Cavite 4,128 1,961

Laguna 3,094 1,462

Pampanga 187 50
TOTAL 48,237 24,232
PHIVOLCS Estimate - 2016
 Damages on Lifelines

Water Bridges

Power Roads

Telecommunication Ports
How do we prepare?
 Earthquake Preparedness and Risk Reduction –
Some activities
Legislations, Building Regulations
Land Use Planning
Public
Construction & Retrofitting
Help Public Buildings and Infrastructure
Emergency Shelter & Operation
Disaster Information System
Mutual Community (Organizational) Preparedness,
Evacuation, Emergency Response Plan & Drill
Help Information Management
Business Continuity

Individual Preparedness
Self
Family Preparedness
Help Safer House/Building
BEFORE THE EARTHQUAKE
Check the location of houses and
buildings for hazards
• Is it on top or near an active
fault?
• Is it prone to landslides or
liquefaction?
Check the construction of houses and
buildings – is it earthquake resistant?
• Evaluate structural
integrity of existing houses
and buildings – is it
earthquake resistant

•Retrofit if necessary and

cost-effective

•Follow proper structural

design and engineering
practices when
constructing houses and
buildings
Implement Land Use and Building Code
Design and Construction
Location

Follow the National Building Code

Don’t build on top of an active fault and

buffer zone of at least 5 meters on both
sides of the fault trace
Damaged houses due to M6.5
Leyte Earthquake
Prepare house or office for the
earthquake
• Strap heavy furniture to walls
• Store breakable items, harmful
chemicals, and flammable
materials in lower most shelves,
and secure firmly
• Keep heavy materials in lower
shelves
 Identify Safe and Dangerous Spots
• under heavy pieces of • windows and glass
furniture – desk, sturdy • book shelves
tables
• cabinets and furniture
• inside corner of rooms that may topple or slide
• columns & beams • hanging objects
•load-bearing doorway • inside elevators
or inside wall
• power lines; poles;
• outside elevator shafts trees; narrow alleys
• open/clear area between tall buildings
• bridges and flyovers
Safe Zones Danger Zones
Prepare an evacuation plan. Imagine what the
environment (rooms, outside) will look like after the
earthquake and prepare plan.
• Determine alternative evacuation routes and
evacuation area
• Determine roles

Legend:
Building:
Direction:
Evacuation Area:
Ground Level
 When in a mall, church or other places

• Look for an emergency evacuation map and be

familiar with it
• Determine exits and nearest open area
• Scan and check for safe and dangerous areas

Legend:
Building:
Direction:
Ground Level
Evacuation Area:
Prepare an emergency kit/ earthquake
survival kit • First Aid Kit
• Medicine
• Food
• Water
• Important documents
• Money
• Water Purification Tablets
• Tools & Ropes
• Flashlights, spare battery
• Blankets/Extra Clothes
• Hygiene kit (Soap,
Toothpaste, Toothbrush,
Napkin)
• Tissue Paper & Waste Bags
• Battery powered Radio
• Pencil and Paper
• Whistle
Plan to communicate and reunite.

• Prepare list with names, telephone/cell phones

and work or school address to help you
communicate with your family members.

• Plan to reunite. Post a message in clear view

where you can be found. Designate a friend or
relative outside of your area and ask them to be
your family’s out-of-area contact. Designate a
place where you will meet.
DURING AND IMMEDIATELY
AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE
During the earthquake and you are INSIDE a
structurally sound building
• Person closest to the door should
open it, if possible
• Go to safe spots, avoid danger spots
• Do the Drop (Duck), Cover and Hold
Approach
1. Take cover under a sturdy table and
hold on to it.
or
2. At safe spots, drop and protect your
head and neck, stay put during the shaking
Evacuate after the earthquake. Be prepared for
aftershocks or possible fire. Once the shaking stops,
take the fastest and safest way out of the building.

• Get out in an orderly manner.

Do not rush.
• Bring the emergency/survival
kits
• Watch out for falling objects
• Follow the designated route
• Don’t use elevators, use stairs
• Assist persons who need help
 Assess effects of earthquake and
properly respond
• Conduct head count at the evacuation area
• Check yourself and others for injuries
• Shut off and check water and electrical lines
for damages
• Check for spills of chemical, toxic and
flammable materials
• Check for fires and control if possible
• Check for possible building damage. Do
not enter damaged buildings
• Do not use telephones unless necessary
• Keep updated of instructions and information
from battery operated radios
 During the earthquake and if you are
OUTSIDE, move to an OPEN AREA

• Stay away from trees,

powerlines, posts and
concrete structures

• Move away from steep

slopes which may be affected
by landslides
 • If you are near the shore and
you feel a strong earthquake,
move quickly to higher grounds
or designated tsunami evacuation
sites. Tsunamis might follow.

• If you are in a moving

VEHICLE, STOP! Do not
attempt to cross bridges,
overpasses or flyovers
which may have been
damaged.
 WEST VALLEY FAULT
MARKER AT BRGY. CASILE,
CITY OF CABUYAO, LAGUNA
 SUMMARY
• A large earthquake from the West Valley Fault can
significantly affect Metro Manila and surrounding
provinces like Laguna.

• We need to understand and appreciate the hazards

and risks to prepare and respond appropriately.

• A whole of society approach is need to prepare for

the “Big One”.
- Every organization must have a business/service
continuity plan – prepare not to be severely
affected, prepare that you can operate immediately
and be able to respond!
- Every family must prepare. Every member must
know what to during and after an earthquake.
THANK YOU.
www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph

/PHIVOLCS

@phivolcs_dost