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Strategies to Optimize Fat Loss and
Strategies to Optimize Fat Loss and
Enhance Muscular Adaptations
Brad Schoenfeld, MSc, CSCS, CSPS, NSCA‐
CPT
www.workout911.com
What Is Metabolic Resistance Training (MRT)?
What Is Metabolic Resistance Training (MRT)?
• An exercise regimen
designed to maximize
calorie burn and increase
metabolic rate
• Two components
p
– Calories burned during
exercise
– Calories burned post‐
exercise
Calories Burned During Exercise
• Three possible substrates
– Carbohydrate (glycogen,
glucose)
– Fat (adipocytes,
i
intramuscular)
l )
– Protein
Glycolysis
• Glucose and glycogen enter
the glycolytic pathway
• End product is ATP and
pyruvate
– Under anaerobic conditions
pyruvate ferments into lactate
(fast glycolysis)
– Under aerobic conditions,
pyruvate is converted into
is converted into
Acetyl CoA and enters the Krebs
Cycle (slow glycolysis)
Beta Oxidation
Beta‐Oxidation
• Fatty acids are
cleaved from
triglycerides and
metabolized in the
mitochondria
• End product is acetyl
CoA, which then
enters Krebs Cycle
Protein Oxidation
Protein Oxidation
Amino acids can be
• Amino acids can be
glucogenic, ketogenic,
or both
or both
• During exercise the
branched chain amino
branched chain amino
acids (leucine,
isoleucine and valine)
isoleucine, and valine)
are primarily oxidized
The EPOC Advantage
The EPOC Advantage
MRT, EPOC and Metabolism
• Can last for 72 hours or more
p
post‐workout amounting to an
g
additional ~300 calories burned
(Heden et al., 2011)
• Intensity of effort has greatest
impact on EPOC
– Greater
Greater effort equals greater EPOC
effort equals greater EPOC
(La Forgia et al., 2006)
The Hormonal Influence on EPOC
• Catecholamines
– Responsible for liberating free fatty acids from adipocytes
– Highly correlated with both magnitude and duration of EPOC
Highly correlated with both magnitude and duration of EPOC
(Imamura et al., 2004)
• Growth hormone (GH) has both anabolic and catabolic
properties.
– Facilitates lipolysis from adipocytes
– Makes adipocytes more sensitive to catecholamines
Makes adipocytes more sensitive to catecholamines
– Post‐exercise fat utilization directly related to training‐induced
GH levels (Moller et al., 1992; Pritzlaff et al., 2000)
MRT and Fat Loss
• Resistance training can
have an even greater
have an even greater
impact on fat burning
than aerobic exercise
than aerobic exercise
(Scott et al. 2011)
Key Point!
Key Point!
• Focus on Calories Burned, Not Fat!!!
– The human body is a very dynamic organism and
continually adjusts its use of fat for fuel (Sonko et
continually adjusts its use of fat for fuel (Sonko et
al., 2005).
– Fat burning must be considered over the course of
an entire day not on an hour to hour basis —
an entire day — not on an hour to hour basis to to
get a meaningful perspective on its impact on
body composition (Hansen et al, 2005).
– If you burn more carbohydrate during a workout,
If you burn more carbohydrate during a workout
you inevitably burn more fat in the post‐exercise
period.
Benefits for Hypertrophy?
Benefits for Hypertrophy?
• MRT
MRT can enhance
can enhance
lactate clearance and
reduce H+ accumulation
reduce H+ accumulation
(Hill‐Haas et al., 2007;
Edge et al 2006)
Edge et al., 2006)
– Better inroading of
muscle fibers at a given
muscle fibers at a given
submaximal training
intensity
MRT Principles of Practice
MRT Principles of Practice
1. Work all the major muscles each session!
2. Pack more exercise into less time!
3. Speed up the positive
4. Accentuate the negative!
5. Train at near maximal levels of effort!
MRT Principle #1
MRT Principle #1
• Work all the major muscles each session!
Work all the major muscles each session!
– Focus on large muscle groups using multi‐joint
movements
• The metabolic cost of an exercise is directly related to
the amount of muscle worked (Elliot et al. 1992)
• Train three, non‐consecutive days a week (i.e. Monday,
Wednesday, Friday) to optimize metabolic stress while
allowing for adequate recuperation
allowing for adequate recuperation.
MRT Principle #2
• Pack more exercise into less time!
– High repetitions (15‐20 reps per set) have been
g p ( p p )
shown to promote greater total energy
expenditure than higher intensity lifts (>70% 1RM)
(Scott et al., 2011)
– Limiting rest intervals between sets (< 30 seconds)
significantly increases caloric expenditure (Haltom
et al., 1999 ).
MRT Principle #3
MRT Principle #3
• Speed up the positive!
p p p
– Perform concentric lifts
explosively without getting
sloppy (~1 sec).
( )
• Allows the use of a higher
intensity of load at a given RM
y g
– “Superslow" training
suboptimal from a metabolic
perspective (Hunter et al.,
ti (H t t l
2003).
MRT Principle #4
MRT Principle #4
• Accentuate the negative!
A t t th ti !
– Eccentric component found to be particularly
b
beneficial in increasing EPOC
fi i l i i i EPOC
• Using a 1 second up, 3 seconds down tempo increased
post‐exercise
post exercise metabolic rate for 72 hours as opposed to
metabolic rate for 72 hours as opposed to
only 15 hours for a 1:1 tempo (Dolezal et al., 2000)
• Theorized that increased muscle damage associated
with eccentric training requires greater energy
consumption for post‐exercise repair
MRT Principle #5
MRT Principle #5
• Train at near maximal levels
of effort!
– Higher intensity of effort
increases both calories
b
burned during (Scott et al.,
d d i (S tt t l
2011) and after (La Forgia et
al 2006) workout
al., 2006) workout.
MRT Performance Strategies
Circuit Training Basics
Circuit Training Basics
• Defined
Defined as a series of exercises performed in
as a series of exercises performed in
succession with as little rest as possible.
– The energy cost of a circuit training session has
The energy cost of a circuit training session has
been estimated to be approximately 7 kcal/kg/hr
(
(Wilmore et al., 1978).
, )
– Circuit training has greater effects on the
magnitude and duration of EPOC than traditional
g
forms of strength training (Murphy and
Schwarzkopf, 1992).
Ci it T i i K P i t
Circuit Training: Key Point
• Limiting rest between sets
more important for fat loss
than amount of load
– Circuit‐style training at 50% of 1RM
using 30 seconds rest between sets
had greater effect on EPOC than a
gp g
traditional training protocol using
80% 1RM with 120 seconds rest
(Murphy and Schwarzkopf, 1992)
Circuit Training Specifics
Circuit Training Specifics
Set up exercise stations to
Set up exercise stations to
work muscles in a push/pull
fashion
Start with upper body and
S ih b d d
proceed to the lower body
Move from one exercise to
the next with minimal rest
(ideally < 10 seconds).
Perform three circuits in
Perform three circuits in
total.
Circuit Training Video Example
Circuit Training Video Example
Sample Circuit Routine
Sample Circuit Routine
Exercise Reps Rest Interval
DB Shoulder Press ~20 Minimal
Lat Pulldown ~20 Minimal
Close Grip Cable Row
Close Grip Cable ~20
20 Minimal
Close Grip BB Incline Press ~20 Minimal
Wide Grip BB Row ~20 Minimal
DB I li Press
DB Incline P ~20
20 Mi i l
Minimal
Bulgarian Split Squat ~20 Minimal
Romanian Deadlift ~20 Minimal
Alternating Lateral Lunge ~20 Minimal
Hamstring Curl ~20 Minimal
Superset Basics
Superset Basics
• Defined as two exercises performed one after the other
without rest
without rest
– Increases training density
– Subjects performing supersets showed significantly greater
Subjects performing supersets showed significantly greater
energy expenditure compared with a traditional strength
training protocol (Kelleher et al., 2010)
• Agonist/antagonist supersets
– Shown to increase EPOC and result in greater total energy
expenditure when compared to traditional strength training
expenditure when compared to traditional strength training
protocols (Kelleher et al., 2010).
– Reciprocal innervation heightens force output
Superset Specifics
Superset Specifics
• Set up agonist/antagonist stations so that you
are able to move quickly between exercises.
bl t i kl b t i
• Perform a set of the first exercise and then go
directly to the second movement.
• Rest for approximately 30 seconds, and then
perform two additional supersets.
• Once you finish, expeditiously proceed to the
Once you finish, expeditiously proceed to the
next agonist/antagonist pairing and so on until
all muscle groups have been worked.
g p
Superset Training Video Example
Superset Training Video Example
Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit)
Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit)
• Combination
Combination of resistance training and
of resistance training and
aerobic exercise
• Metabolic effects not well studied but
Metabolic effects not well studied but
preliminary evidence shows greater fat loss
benefits compared to circuit training
benefits compared to circuit training
(Monteiro et al., 2008)
• Sound theoretical basis
S d h i lb i
– Increased training density
Combo Training Specifics
Combo Training Specifics
• Perform
Perform a set of an exercise, follow it
a set of an exercise follow it
immediately with a short bout of moderate‐
intensity aerobics and then repeat for
intensity aerobics, and then repeat for
another couple of sets.
• Once you perform three sets of an exercise,
Once you perform three sets of an exercise
move to the next exercise as quickly as
possible.
possible
Combo Training Video Example
Combo Training Video Example
•
References
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( )
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Question/Answer
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brad@workout911 com
brad@workout911.com