MAY-04-2000 11 :45 FROM-AKRON-SUMMIT CTY PUBLIC
13306439076 T-751 P.002 F-121
STD.ASTM E1qD-ENGL
Designation: E 140 - 9JC1
Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals 1
RELATIONSHIP AMONG BRINELL HARDNESS,
VICKERS HARDNESS, ROCKWELL HARDNESS ROCKWELL
SUPERFICIALHARDNESS,KNOOPHARDNESSI AND
SCLEROSCOPEHARDNESS
1111~mmdovd is i'~ der tbe fi~~ .de&isnlllie>D Ii 140: the.
~um"""
Orlgllw .lIIIopl'?" Ct. In. dI~ ease of rev..'''~11, lilt YOll"ut last rCVJ~lon. A number in pll\:nrbe8cs jndw~I"~ die ycu of liIo5'mpprOV3I. A
wp~npl cpoilon «) IndiCatC8 DDcdi&onDI chlnsc .,oce Ihe 1M[ ",51011at n:approval.
TIJis SlGnJ4fd hGs lHst!n appmllt!d /l1r Ulr. fry
Ag''''';"
£1 !lion_Equation )(3.16 was corrected e4itoriaJly
I. Sco,.
1.1 Conversion Table 1 presenls data in the R.ockwell C
hardness range on the relationship among BrineU hardness,
Vickers hardness, RockweU hardness, Rockwell superficial
hiltdncss, Knoop hardness. and Sclaoscope hardness of non-
austenitic steels including carbon, aUoy, and tool steels in thc
as-forged, annealed, nonnaliT.ed, and quencbed and tempered
conditions provided that rhey arc homogeneous.
1.2 Conversion T3bte 2 present~ data in the Rockwcll B
hardncs.~ range on the relationship among Brinell h3rdncss,
Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness. Rockwel1 superficial
hardness, Knoop hardness, and Scleroscope bardness of non-
austenitic stools including carbon. aUoy, and tool steels in the
as-folied. annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered
condjtions provided that they are homogeneous.
1.3 Conversion Tahle :3 presents data ()II the r~1auonship
among Brine)) hardness, Vickcrs hardnes$. Rockwell hardness.
Rockwell superficial hardness, and Knoop hardness of nickel
and high-nickel alloys (nickel content over 50 %). Thc:s~
bardness conversion relationships are intended to apply par-
ticularly to lhe following: nicmI-aluminum-silicon specimens
finished to commercial miIJ /:tandmds for hardness testing,
covering the entire range of t.he..~ealloys from their annealed 10
tbeir heavily cold-worlc&l Or age-hardened conditions, includ-
ing their intermediate condilions:.
1.4 Conversion Table 4 presents data on the relationship
among Brincll hardnos:;, Vickcr!! hardncs:;. Rockwell hal'dnl!ss,
and Rockwcl1 superficial hardness of cartridge brass.
1.5 Conversion Table 5 presenls data on Uw relationship
between BrineU hardness and Rockwell B hardnes$ of ausl(m-
itic stainless steel plate in the annealed condition.
1.6 Conversion T:lble 6 pre:;ents data on the relationship
betWeen ~ockwen hardness and Rockwel1 /:upcrficial hardness
1 1111!1I"convmiull,~b'C5 ~,e under the Jutisdicdon nt" A..'I'I'M Committcc £-28
:md vc ,bo dinocL MtpC'In.ibilily of :\gbcommillcc £211.06 on
on Mech:lDii:aJ '~rins
Jn4.:nLNiun Halm..."S Tesrioe.
C.llrCl\t cdiliu" approved O~1. 10. 1997. rpbliol1cd December 1997. Originlllly
publt"IGd as B 140-58. LaIt""'P'O,,;OIl' e4idan!: 140-95.
Copyright O/ISTM. 100 Elan HDrbar DllVo. W..' Con$llOlloelcon. P/I 1e429~SQ.
.. .-
copyright by the American Society For Testing & Materials
Thu May 0411:05:112000
LIBRARY
1~97 II D75~5La Db55~b1 1D~..
immcdiillely rOllaWlg the dm81Wion indiCU4:J Ihc ycar of
Df'M J},Jpartmellr (Jf Ot!ft!1lI~.
in September 1999.
of austenitic stainless steel sheet.
1.7 Conversion Thble 7 presents data on the relationship
among BrinelI hardness, Vicker!! hardness. Rock.well hardn~s
Rockweliliupe~ficial hardness, and Knoop hardness of copper:
1.8 Conversion Tabl~ R presents data on the relationship
among Brinell hardn~s. RockweU hardness, and Vickers
hardncss of alloyed white iron.
1.9 Conv~ion Table 9 presents data on the relationship
among Brinen hardness. Vickers h:udncss, Rockwell hardness,
and Rockwell fiuperficial hardness of wrought aluminum prod-
ucts.
1.10 Many of the convcr.;ion values presenled herein were
obtained from computer-generated curves of 3cNai test data.
Most Roekwcl1 hardness numbers arc pr~sented to the nearest
0.1 or 0.5 hardness number to penn.it accurate reproduction of
lhc::;c:I:urves. Since all eonverted hardness values must be
considered approx.imate, bowevc:r. aU convened Rockwell
hardness numbers shull be rounded to the nearest whole
number in accordance wiThPractice E 29.
1.11 Appendix XI-Appendix X9 contain equations dc:v~l-
oped from the data in Tables 1.9, respectively, to converl from
one hardnes.~ scale to another. Sinc" all eonvcn.c:d hurdness
values nlust be con$ide.rcdapproxilnate. h,)wc.wer.all converted
hardness numbers shan be rounded in accor4ance with Practice
E29.
.
1.12 Conversion of bardn~ss values should be .usc:d only
wh~n it is impossible to tcst rhe material under the conditions
specified, and wh~n convcr.;ion is made it shou1d be done with
discretion and under contrulled conditions. Each type of
bardness lest is subject to certain errors. but if precautions arc
carefully observed. the reliability of hardness readings Jnade on
instruments of the ind~ntatjon type will be found comparable.
Differences in sensitivity within the range of a given hardness
scale (for example,Rockwell B) may be greater lhan between
tWo dift'erent scales or lypes (If instruments. The convc;~jon
values, whether from tbe tables or calculated from the equa-
tions. are only approICimatcand may be inacC'UT11te for specific
application.
UnII8CI $11IIo0.
.-...-
 ~AY-04-2000 11:45 FROM-AkRON-SUMMITCTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
STD.ASTM E1~D-£NGL 1~~7
2. ReCorearedDoelllDeolS
2.J ASTM SrantlartJs:
E 10 T~t Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Maten-
als2
E 18 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Superficial Hardness of M~ta1lic Malcrials~
E 29 Practice for Using Sisnificant DigitS jn Test
Determine Conformance with Specifications3
E 92 Test Method for Viclcer$Hardness of Metallic Mate-
rials2
Ii 384 Tc&tMethod for Microhardness of Materials2
E 448 Practice for Scle:roscope Hardness Tc:.1ingofMetaUic
MateriaJr
3. Methods lor Hanfness DetcnuiDatiolL'i
3.1 The hardness readings used with these conversion tables
shall be determined.in accordance wiJh one of the foUowing
ASTM test methods:
3.1.1 Vickers /lardltess- TestMethodE 92.
3.1.2 Brinell H"rdnes9-TeSL Method E 10.
3.1.3 Rockwell Hardness-Test Method E 18 Scale" A. B,
C, D. E, F, 0, H, K, IS-N, 3()"N,4S-N, IS.T, 30-T, 4S.T, 15-W.
3.1.4 Knoop Hardne.fs-Tcsl Method E 384.
3.1.5 Sclero$cope 4 Hardness-Pracrice E 448.
4. Apparatus and Reference Stnndards
4.1 The apparatu~ and rQferencc slIindard.~shall conform to
the descriprion in TQll Methods E 92, E 10, E 18, E 384. snd
Practice E 448.
5. Principle of Method 01 Conversion
5.1 TestS have: proved that even the most reliable data
cannOt be fitted to a single conversion r~lationsbip for aU
metals. Indentation hardness is not a single fundamental
. Book qf ItSTM SltI"diJrih. ~I 03.01.
. AMA'"
All/llUIllloolt. oj It.STM StlllJ(/",ih, Vol 14.02.
. Rqiilr.red ll'adem.n: of tIll' Shore IlI&lnlllldn. 11M ManufOlCtunnt Co.. Inc.
Copyright by the American Society For Testing & Material5
Thu May 04 11 :05:24 2000
13306439076 T-751 P.Q03 F-121
II 075'51D ObS5~b2 DqS..
~t E140
properly but a combination of properties, and .he contribution
of each to the haroness number varies with the type of Ie,'Jt.The
modulus of elasticity has been shown to influence conversions
at high hardness levels; and at low hardness levels conversions
betWeen hardness scales measuring depth and those measuring
diametcr are likewise influenced by dift"erences in the modulus
Data to of elasticity. Therefore separate conversion tables are necessary
for dift'erent materials.
Nare 1-ffilrdnDSS convcmon values tor other metals ba~d on com.
parative: u:.sl on similar marcrials havina similar mechanical propeetics will
be iUlded to Ibis siandard as dac need arises.
6, Significance anel Use
6.1 Since the various types of hardness testS do not aU
measure the same combination of material propaties, convery
sion from one bardness scale to another is only an approximate
process. Because of the wide rang~ of variation among
different matcnals, it is not possible to state confidence limits
for the errors in using a conversion chart. Even in the case of
a l:1blcc~Lab1ishedfor a single material, Nuch as the table for
cartridge bruss, some error is involved dcponding on compo-
sitionand methods of processing (sce Appendix Xl).
6.2 8t:c8use of their approximar.c DlU,ure,conversion tables
must be regardc:d tISonly an estimate of comparative values. It
is recommended that hardness convOI"sionsbe applied prima-
rily to values sucb as specification limits. which are established
by agreementor mandate. and that the conversion of teSt data
be avoided whenever possible.
7. Reporting of Hardness Numbers
7.1 When reporting convened hardness numbers the mea-
sured hardness and tcSt scale shall be indicated in pllrenu\eses
as in the following example:
3S3 JIBW (38 HRC)
(1)
8. Keywords
8.1 conversion; hardnc$$ scale; metallic
_....
 MAY-04-2000 11 :45 FROM-AKRON-SUMMIT CTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

ST]).ASTn £]'&fIJ-£NGL

4ffi1t
1CSI!?

E 140
. 13306439076
1J751J5J.1J Df:l5S&f1l3 TI:!. .
T-751 P.004 F-121

~TABLE Ii
1 Approximate Hlrdness Conversion Numbel1li for Non.Ausl8nitic Steel. (Rockwell C Hardness Range)"
Rock- BrineR HalQneS&Nu/l1be,c Knoop Rockwell Hllrdn8&& Nurnbel' Rodcwell Superficial HarGnQs&Number Rock-
VICker1s Hardness, SClera-
weNC 1D-nlm 100mm wenC
scope
I'Iatdnas$ ttanjne&s SlarKttrd C/lItIIGIl Number A Scale. D Scale, 1 SoN Scale. 300NScale. .w.N S~I... Hard. Hardness
Numbar Number 1311II, Ball. 5DOogf and
6O-/q)' JOO-k!JI 1S.kg! SOokg' 4SokOl Number
(HV) Ovor tleu
150 kGl 300(HcQl 3000-fcgl (HRAI (HAD) IHA 15.N) (HA 3O-N) (HR 45-N) 150 kgf
IHRC) (HK) Nurntler" (HRC)
(H8S) (tfSW)
68 940 920 85.6 76.9 93.2 8..... 7~.4 97.3 68
67 !IOO 695 85.0 76.1 92.0 83,6 74.2 05.0 87
66 86S 870 84.5 76.4 92.6 82.8 13.3 92.7 68
65 8S:! rl3ll) 846 83.0 74.S 92.2 81.9 72.0 90.6 65
B4 800 (722) 822 83.4 73.8 91.8 111.1 71.0 88.5 64
53 772 (705) 799 112.8 73.D 91.4 80.1 69.9 88.5 63
62 746 (689) 776 82.3 72.2 91.1 79.3 68.8 84.5 52
61 720 (670) 754 81.0 71.5 90.7 78.4 67.7 82.6 61
60 607 (654) 132 81.2 7D.7 90.2 77.5 66.6 80.8 eo
59 674 634 71D 80.7 69.0 89.8 76.6 65.5 79.0 59
~6~ 815 690 80.1 69.2 89.3 75,7 64.3 77.3 58
f!J7 633 59S 670 79.6 88.5 8&.9 74.8 63.2 75.6 57
56 613 577 650 79.0 67.7 88.3 73.9 62.0 74.0 f!J6
55 596 6BD B3D 7S.6 66.9 8i'.9 73.0 60.9 72.11 56
54 5)7 543 612 78.D 66.1 87.4 72.0 59.8 7D.9 54
53 seo 525 594 77.4 6!1.4 86.9 71.2 68.6 69.4 53
52 544 (500) 512 576 78.8 64.6 86.4 10.2 57.4 67.9 52
51 528 (487) 406 558 76.3 63.8 86.9 B9.4 56.1 66.5 51
60 513 (475) 481 542 75.9 63.1 IIS.S 68.S 55.0 65.1 50
49 498 (464) 469 S26 76.2 62.1 85.0 67.6 S3.8 6:':1.7 49
48 484 ..51 456 610 14.7 81." 84.5 60.7 62.5 62.4 48
47 471 442 443 495 74.1 60.& 83.9 65.8 51.4 81.1 47
46 4$8 432 432 480 73.6 6D.0 83.6 64.8 50.3 59.8 46
45 446 421 421 48B 73.1 59.2 83.0 64.0 49.0 58.5 45
44 4S4 400 409 4S2 72.5 1i8.6 8U 63.1 47.8 57,3 44
43 423 400 400 431\ 72.0 57.7 112.0 82.2 48.7 56.1 43
42 412 3110 390 <126 71.5 56.9 81.6 61.3 ItS"... 54.9 42
41 402 381 381 414 70.9 56.2 8D.o 60.4 44.3 63.7 41
40 3112 371 371 402 7D.4 55.4 80.4 59.5 43.1 52.6 4D
69.9 54.6 79.9 58.6 41.9 61.6 39
---- 311 S82 362 362
353
391
380 69.4 53.8 79.4 57.7 40.8 50.4 38
38 372 353
37 36S 3+1 3<1.. 370 60.9 53.1 78.0 56.8 39.6 40.3 37
36 SS4 336 336 360 69.4 52.3 7/1.3 55.9 38A 48.2 36
35 345 3Z7 327 351 67.9 51.5 n.7 55.0 31.2 47.1 35
336 319 319 342 87.4 50.8 77.2 54.2 36.1 46.1 34
34
33 827 311 311 334 66.9 50.0 16.6 53.3 :'14.9 45.1 33
32 318 301 301 326 68.3 49.2 76.1 52.1 33.7 44.1 32
204 294 318 65.8 48.4 75.6 51.3 32.5 43.1
31 310
75.0 50.4 :91.:9 42.2 3'
3D
30 302 286 288 311 65.3 47.7
29 294 279 2"/9 304 114.9 47.0 74.6 49.6 30.1 41.3 29
206 271 271 297 64.3 46.1 7S.0 48.C! 28.9 40.4 .28
211
.27 279 264 264 280 83.8 46.2 73.:1 47.7 27.8 39.S 27
272 259 259 284 63.3 44.6 72.8 46.8 26.7 311.7 ~6
26
26 2118 263 253 278 62.11 43.a 72.2 46.9 25.S 37.8 26
247 247 272 62.4 43.1 71.8 45.0 24.3 37.0 24
24 260
243 243 266 62.0 42.1 71.0 44.0 23.1 36.3 23
23 254
237 237 261 al.S 41.6 70.6 43.2 22.0 35,5 22
22 248
231 231 256 61.0 40.9 69.9 42.3 20.7 Mil 21
.21 204S
226 226 261 60.5 40.1 69.4 41.5 10.8 34.2 20
2D 238
Aln ma labIa htoadlogs. forr;Qrel_ te lolill leat lorcm;.
BAppenlllXX1 contains equations convening dcteRnlned hardness scale numbfll$ '0 FlodcwaltC hatdneas numbtsnslor non-alllilonHicsleeis. Rufur 101.11 before u!;ing
COfMIl$lOn equalion$.
C The BrineR Nrd0838 numbers in pllrtnmeaes III'CCllIl!lldethe range rllCOmmendadlOrBnnel! hardnu$S 1861ingin 8.1 01Test Method I! 10.
"Tl\eSa ScleraliClQp8l1ardnll&1cQnven;ion&u~ based on Vickel'!i-ScI~ope llardnll$&relationshIPSdeveloped from VlcktIS l1alQness dilla provided by Ine Niitlonel
~UIllaUof SJllradall!&far 13 Sleel rafo,eoce bJock&,SLiero&eapc hardnB8&values oblainB<lon meSO Dloct<aby lhe Shore Inslrumliotlland Mlg. Cc>.,Iflc.. Ihe Roll
MannlflClWlll'liIn:oIilnte.and mumbel'$ 01 thiS inSlilUle.and also on nardl1ess convel'&lOtI$previOusly pUDIiShectby tht: Am8l\C.!\nSociety for Metals and tho Roll
ManuluCtuI'llf8 In&lilulc.

-.-'-- '--"'--'
Copyright by the American Society For Testing & Materials
Thu May 0411:06:25 2000
 M~Y-04-Z000 11:46 FROM-AKRON-SUMMIT CTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

STD. ASTI'I EJ.'tO"ENGL 1CJ'17

41 E 140
.
13306439076
075'510
DbSSIfLIf '18 .
T-751 P.005 F-!ZI

.---' TABLE 2 Approxima1e Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Auswnitlc Steels (Rockwell B Hardnesl Range)" D

Aoc:kwllU e Vlckors BrinoilHaIlf-

I<noop HalU- ROCkWell A Rockwel F RockWellSupel'llCla1Hardness Numller AockwtlU B
Hat4ne5& ness Number. HanlnllSS HllIllnBlis
Numbor, HalUness nees Number. ""erdnu=a
Numllar 3000okgl. 50011I. and Number, Number. lIH Scale. 30- T Scale. 45-r Scale, Number.
100-kg( Over eo.tcof. 6O-kgf, 15-kot. 9o-ko1. 45-1101,
(HAB) (HY) (HIlS) 100-1<01.
(tlK) (HRA) (HRF) (HR15-T) (HR 3Q-n (HR 45-T) (HRIiI)
100 240 240 2!i1 61.6 93.1 83.1 72.9 100
e9 2S4 234 246 60.9 e2.8 82.S 71.9 99
ge 228 228 241 60.2 ea.5 111.8 70.9 as
97 222 222 236 59,5 92.1 e1.1 69.9
96 '.17
216 216 231 58.9 91.8 80.4 68.9 96
95 210 210 226 58.3 91.5 79.11 87.9 95
04 205 205 221 57.6 91.2 79.1 66.9 94
93 200 200 216 67.0 90.6 ?S.4 65.9 93
82 195 195 211 56.4 90.5 77.8 64.8 92
91 190 190 308 65.B 90.2 77.1 6:1.8 91
90 19~ 185 20' 652 89.9 'r6.4 62,8 90
80 lBO 180 196 54.6 99.5 75.8 91.6 89
88 176 178 192 64.0 89.2 75.' 60.8 88
87 172 1'12 188 53.4 88.9 74.4 50.9 97
86 169 160 1114 62.8 88.8 73.8 58.8 tI6
85 165 165 '80 $2.3 88.2 73.1 57.9 85
84 162 162 178 61.7 87.9 72.4 68.8 84
83 159 169 173 51.' 87.6 71.9 55.6 83
a2 156 156 170 50.6 87.3 71.1 54.6 82
91 153 '53 167 50.0 86.9 70.4 63.8 81
80 IISO 160 164 49.!S 86.6 69.7 52.9 80
79 14'1 '47 161 48.9 86.3 69.1 Sl.9 70
76 144 144 168 44.4 86.0 6M 50.1\ 76
77 141 141 155 47.0 85.8 87.7 49.6 77
76 139 139 152 47.3 85.3 87.1 48.8 78
75 137 137 150 48.a 99.6 85.0 86.4 47.9 'tS
74 135 135 147 48.3 911.1 84.7 65.7 46.8 74
73 132 132 10&5 45.B 90.5 84.3 86.1 45.8 73
72 130 1$0 143 45.3 98.0 8<1.0 64.4 44.6 72
." 127 12'1 141 44.8 07.4 83.7 63.7 ~.8 71
70 125 125 139 44.3 96.8 as." 63.1 42.8 70
69 123 123 137 43-8 06.2 83.0 62.4 41.8 69
68 121 121 135 43.3 95.6 02.7 81.7 40.8 68
~67 119 119 133 42.8 95.1 82.4 61.0 39.11 67
66 n7 117 131 42.3 94..5 82..1 eo.4 ~.7 66
65 118 116 129 41.8 93.9 81.8 59.7 37.7 66
64 114 127 41.4 03.4 81.4 59.0 36.7 64
"4 125 40.9 92.8
63 112 112 81.1 58.4 36.7 63
62 110 110 124 40.4 92.2 80.8 5'1.7 34.7 62
61 108 10e 122 40.0 91.7 9O.S 57.0 33.7 61
60 107 107 '20 39.5 91.1 BO.1 56.4 32.7 80

RackwfJlIA RockWellF RockWellSupet1!ClelHBltlnUaeNumber FIoolcwella

Roc:kweNB DrineR Knoop Hurdnoo~8
llicker.l Hardness Hardnu$$ 1S-T 6;lIle. 3Q.TSI:III".
Hercln85& HalllnS5$ HardnuSS 4S-T SCilla, Number.
Harclrle&& Numbor. NUmber, 3C).fCgt.
Numbor. Number. Number. 15-kQI. 45-1<91. 100000l.
Number 60-kgl, 60-kuf, ~.-in. 'I,...in.
l00-kg!. (HV) 30CJ0..kUt. 50011' ( 1.588-mm) V'o.in. 'A,.in.
(HRS) Olamond (USS-mm) (1.588-mm) (1.68a-mm) Y..-'''.
to.mm Ball IInd Over (1.588-rom)
POJICIlnl1Or Bull Ball BIIII BeH Ball
59 106 106 118 39.0 90.5 19.8 55.7 31.7 S9
58 104 104- 117 38.6 90,0 ?9,s 55.0 30.7 58
57 103 103 115 36.1 81M 79.2 54.4 29.7 57
56 101 101 114 37.7 98.8 ?9.8 53.7 28.7 fiti
55 100 100 112 37.2 68,2 70.5 53.0 27.7 55
54 111 36.8 67.7 78.2 52.4 25.7 54
53 110 36.3 117.1 77.9 51.7 25.7 53
52 109 35.9 98.5 77.5 51.0 24.7 52
51 108 35.5 86.0 77.2 $0.3 23." 51
80 107 35.0 85.4 76.9 49.7 22..7 50
49 106 34.8 84.8 78.8 49.0 :11.7 49
48 105 34.1 84.3 76.2 48.3 2D.7 48
47 104 33.7 83.7 75.9 47.7 19,7 47
4ti 103 ~.a 83.1 '1S.(O 47.0 1I1.~ 46
46 '02 32.9 82.6 75.3 46.3 1'1.7 45
44 101 32.4 82.0 74.9 46.7 16.7 44
43 100 32.0 6 \.4 74.6 ~.O 15.7 43
~9& 31.6 80.8 74.3 44.3 14.7 42
41 98 31.2 60.3 74.0 43.'1 13.6
40 97 30.7 79.7 73.6 43.0 12.6 '"
40

~4

.n .._ _..
...-..-.....-......-
Copy;ightbY the American SO~8ty For Te$tlng & Materials
Thu May 04 11 :05:26 2000
.r-
MAY-04-2000 11:46 FROM-AKRON-SUMMIT CTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

ST).ASTI1 E:tI&D-ENGL J.1:J.,7

41 E 140
. 13306439076
D?SEt5:LD DbSSlfbS 8511
T-751
.
P.006 F-121

TABLE 2 Con,/nuoa
AOCiCWe/IA Roc:kwoIlF ROCkWall Superficial Hardnao.ANumber Aackwen a
FlOCkwad B 8r1nell KI1QQP HIlrc!ne5s
vickor.) Ha~nesB Harc!neli5
Hartll\$$S Hardness Hardness 1S-'r &ale, 3O-TSealll, 45- T S~8. Number,
HaRlness Numbar, Number. 1Sok!)f, 3(Hcg1.
Nllmber. NlI!I1tIer. Numbor, 4s-kgf. 100-1<91,
1O().kg1, Number 3O()()tcgl. 6OokOI. 6O-k!JI, V....ln. 'I,..;n.
600-gf 'A.~n. V.,'ln. v..-in.
(HV) DIamOnd (1.sa8.mm) ( 1.Se8-l1'Im) (1.588-mm)
(HRB) 100fllm BqA and Owr (1.588-mm) (l.588-mm)
PanalllllOr 8&11 Sail &II Ball Sail
39 96 90.3 79.1 73.3 42.3 11.6 39
38 95 29.9 78.6 73.0 41.6 10.6 38
37 94 29.S 18.0 72.7 41.0 9.6 37
36 93 29.1 77_4 72.3 40.3 8.6 36
9S 92 211.7 7$.9 72.0 39.6 7.6 36
34 91 28.2 76.3 71.7 3$.0 6.6 34
3! 90 27.8 75.7 71.4 38.3 6.6 33
32 89 27.4 76.2 71.0 37.6 4.$ 32
31 B8 27.0 74.6 "10.7 37.0 9.6 31
30 87 26.8 74.0 70.4 36.3 2.6 30

'"In I1IbIe I1eIIding$. kg! ralor.s 10 lOlalmo;l 10tC8.

fI
Appendix )C2 contain~ /lqualion:; c:atIVertinO dRcermined hilrdn&66 numbeJt 10 Rockwoll a IllIrctncss numbers lor non-austenitic &I""ls. Refar to 1.11 before usinp
conWl$ion equations.

.. ----
Copyright by the American Society For Testing & Materials
Thu May 04 11 :05:26 2000
 ) ) )
-10
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(; -<I
c.,. j!
tr!
J TABle S Approx!mllfe Hardness Converelon Numl:Jera for NIGleeland Higlt-Nlckel AlIoy.A. B, ~.,..
-.'<: I
....
... .... 1 Narc I-See Supplemcnl to Table 3.
oil
~~!!'
)0 I Nun: 2- Th<:II ~ofhardness st'ales for llardlie>svaJu~ shDwnin pan:Dfb;:scsi~ no! recommm<kd sinc.::tbey are be.yond!he 1SI1gesr~J!lJr.ndW for accuracy. Such \'BIue<:are Ibown lor
~!::J
N
:i ; oomparati\'c PUJpD~;. oo}y, where. oomparL-oos may be d".sired &lid the I\1COmrncnded machine and scB1c ill"C not I\'aililble. --
o~.cP:
con .,..
COD! Vi::k,erc Brinell 0>
:::I
Hlrd- Hard-
UI nes$ 119$$ Aookvl8l1Hardness tlum~J Rockwall SlQerfJ:11IIHllroness N:Jmber
0
n N'Jm- 1m,. '"
-iI
t::f ....
0' be- bar ~:u
C)
-: AScala B Scala CSnll1a DScala E Scala F Sc3J9 G Scale KS::ili IS-N 3:1-N 46.N IS-T 31H 45.T > :r
.. SDale S::ala Scale Scale Scale Seal. ~>-
~~I
VI:k91S
111-
10'mm
Sran6- lS-kgf 3O-kgl
-f
:3
:u
C)
denim an:! &).5191 10D-IcgI 1so.t.gf 1())'kgl ,oo.kgf 150.kgI 1S1).lcgl 45-kgf 1S-kgI 3O-kgf =I
6D-kg1 VI....,. Super1I' S~r1i' 4S.fcgI .....
:::I 1.5. ~SaIl. Dia. V...in. Dill' DII- y,e-in. &.Jpelficial Yo,-in. Yto-in. M
'Mn. \I..ln. clal OIa. c:laIDia' ( Yo..ln. ....
~CD 10,30- 3000. mm j1..588. mood TIRInd (S.SS8- Dlam:.n:l U8a. (1.58S-
[3.17S- (\.588. (3.175' mood mond ('.583- .I:
t!D kgf kgf P6M' mm) Pans. Pene. rmn} Pane1nl. rom) mm)
mm) Ball mm)BaIl mm)BaII Pen91nl. Perrilba. mm}Ball a -of
B [H\I) CH3S) Iralor Ball Iral;)r 1131:>( BaI, I;)T toJ Ball Ball
(HRB) (HR:::) (KTlD)
(HRE) (HRF)
(HRG)
{HRKj tor (HR 4H) . n
~{HRA} (HA 15-1l) (HR 3O-N)
{HR 4$-t\.'} (HR 15.T) (H~ 3IH) P\ -of
.... Z -<
!II
III.
513 1479) 75.5 50.0 63.0 85.5 6!.0 54.6 G"'t
.-
-a
c:
48t ~5D 74.5 440 61.5 84.5 es,S 52.5 m
r-
452 425 73.5 46.0 6J.0 83.5 64.5 50..0
~n
4'0 403 72.5 44.0 59.5 82.5 63.0 47.5 .J:I r-
.c04 3.'12
35J
71.5
70.5
42.0
40.0
57.0
55.5
81.5 61.0
513.5
45.5
43.0
-- ..D
m
382 81>.5
352 ~69.5 38.0 54.0 711.5 59.0 41.0 ~'" :u
>-
m
.
0- :u
344 32& 63.5 3<1.0 52.5 78.5 56.0 3<1.5 .... -<
326 313 67.5 34.0 ~.5 71.5 54.5 3M
~309 298 61t5 (106) 32.0 4it.5 {!I 6.5) 94.0 76.5 52.5 34.0 94.5 85.5 77.0 0
285 Z7S 640.5 (104) 28.5 41>.5 (US.S) 91.0 75.0 49.5 30.0 94.0 au 75.0 0
2;66 259 63.0 (102) 25.5 '-4.5 (1(4.5) 87.5 73.5 "7.0 26.5 93.0 83.0 73.0
~2-18 241 61.5 to) 22.5 (U3.0) 64.5 72.0 <14.5 23.0 92.5 31.5
23<1 228 60.5 95 20.0
'2.0
"0.0 (112.0) 81.5 70.5 42.0 2iJ.0 92..0 80.5
no
69.0 '"
.JJ
r.n
2tO 215 59.0 96 (17.0) 36.0 (1\1.0) 7i1.5 100.0 I!S.O 39.5 \1.0 91.0 79.0 61.0 .... ...,
209 204 57.5 94 (1".5} $.0 (HO.o) 75.5 98.0 68.0 3T.5 14.0 90.5 77.5 85.0 C ...,
188 194 56.5 92 (12.0) 34.0 (108.5) 72.0 98.5 65.5 3:>..5 H.O 89.5 76.0 63.0 ~0>
55.0 (9.0) 32.0 (108.6) 94.5 C .,..
188 1M 90 1107.5) 69.0 65.0 32.5 7.5 89.0 75.0 51.0 ...,
(6.5) 30.0 (IOT.O) (I06.S) a- CD
179 176 ~.s 88 65.5 93.0 64.0 3J.5 5.0 88.0 73.5 59.5 (,n
~171 166 52.5 86 (4.0) 28.0 (106.0) (105.0) 62.5 9\.0 62.5 28.6 2.0 .......
67.5 72.0 57.5 111 0>
164 '61 51.5 84 (2.a} 26.5 (1<>4.5) (104.0) 59..5 8M 61.5 28.5 (-O.S) 87.0 70.5 55.6 .J;:
157 155 50.0 82 24.5 (103.0) (103.0) 56.5 87.5 66.0 69.5 63.5 r
151 149 49.0 BO 22.5 (1112.D} (101.5) 53.0 85.5 85.5 68.0 51.5 rr
\45 144 47.5 74 21.0 (100.6) 1100.5) 50.D 83.5 84.5 66.5 49.5
~(40 IS!! 46.5 76 (19.0) 99.5 IU.5 47.0 82.0 84.0 65.5 47.5 ..JI
135 134 45.5 74 (17.S) 98.0 9&.5 43.5 00.0 83.0 64.0 '15.5 CJ
130
126
122
U9
12&
125
121
118
44.0
43.0
42.0
"1.0
72
70
68
iI6
(16.0)
(tH.,
(13.0)
(11.!i)
97.0
!l5.S
94.5
93.0
97.0
96.0
95.0
93.5
"0.5
37.5
34.5
31.0
78.0
7&.6
74.5
72,5
62.5
82.0
81.0
80.5
82.5
61..0
60.0
55.5
43.5
41.5
39.5
37..5
. -of

<n
I
.......

115 114 40.0 64 j10.0) 91..5 92.5 71.0 79.5 57.0 35.5
112 1\1 39.0 62 (8.0) 90.5 91.5 69.0 79.0 56.0 33.5 -a
10& 105 &:) 89.0 90.0 67.5 7&.5 54..5 31.5
~106 105 58 88.0 8M 65.5 77.5 53.0 29.5 ~.......
103 103 56 ~.5 88.0 63.5 77.0 51.5 27..5
100 100 51. &5.5 1fl.0 62.0 76.0 50.5 25.5
98 98 52 114.0 85.5 00.0 75.5 49.0 23.5
9S 95 60 83.0 84.5 58.0 74.5 47.S 2(.5 ....
...!.
....
 ) )
-40
:2'0
)
C'C
3:'<::!.
III
"Ccc
:2'
Q-
-,,<~tF
~g
gl'D
.->
",CD
~3
Q::!.
an
' -
all>:;) .".
en
C/),
o'
0
iii' ~
l< -'J
." ~
0
...
>-
fi}
1/1
~I TABLE 3 Con!inilsrJ '"
-II
:I
::I
m Vickers Brlnr.1
po Hilrd. HII.-d- M
...
3:.
III
MSS MSJ R0ckw81i Hardness Number Ftool<w611 $uperfida' Hardnil$S Number
.& -f
..;
ii'
t~u;n-
beT
Num.
bar
CI
I
.....
n
-f
-<
or 15-N 3O.fII 4SoN 15.T 4S.T ...
A Scale B S::ale C Sca!& 050819 eS::s.1e FSca'.. G Sc:r.\s K S1:a\$ S:>-1 Z c::
Scale Scale Scale ~Ie Scale Scal9 ~ m
VIOI\i)!S I().mrn
.- r-
In- Stand- lli-kgl 3:)1<gl
den:9J aid EG-kgI tOO.fcg1
\~..jn.
'&).1(9'1 'OO-kgf tOO-kg! 6O"'gl
,~ l50-kgf 5'~peril. SupeTfi-
oilS-kg! 1li-kgl 3:l-kgI 4541gf .... ~n
r-
1.5, 8311. Dia- Dir.- 01a- 1',.-in. dalDia.
Superficial '''vin. Vi.-i>I. ..a
mond (1.583- mond moo:! '","in. Vi.-in. (1.58So ~in. cial Dle.-
DiI,mDl'.:I (f.589. 11.588. 'A.-In. m
-..I 10,3Q- 3001). {3.t75. {1.5M- (.'!.I7S' mond mood {1.SBB- m ..a
>-
kg! kg' Pene. mm) Pen&- Pane- mm} Bell rom} Ball
nun)
rr.m}BaIi Pene1ra. PenBlta- mm) mm) ..... -.J '"'"
B!lJ, Pilnella.
(HV) (HaSj lralor Ball ttal<:>~ lrai'Or lor Bal: Ball 111:11) 8!l1I
~-<
'"'"

.
(HRK)
(HR4SoNj (HR15-T) (HR3O-T) (HR45'T)
(HRC) (tiRE) (HRFI lor lor 0
{tJRA] (HRS) (HRi» (HRG)
(fiR 1M:) (fiR »NI
93 93 48 81.5 83.5 56.5 7«.0 46.5 19.5
!II 46 SO.5 82.0 54.5 13.5 45.<1 17.0 Q
9' 44 79.0 61.0 52..5 ..s
89 8~ 72.5 43.5 \4.5
67 B7 42 78.0 &:>.0 51.0 72.D 42.0 12.5 In
85 85 40 76.5 79.0 49.0 71.0 41.<1 10.0 -D
En <a>
B3 B3 38 76.0 77.5 ,,7.0 70.5 89.5 7.5 ... <a>
<::>
en
81 61 36 74..1) 7/1.5 46.5 10.0 38.0 5.S C
79 34 12.5 75.S <13.5 89.D 36.5 3.0 .".
<a>
"/8
'9 C CD
78 32 7\.5 74.0 42..0 6B.5 35.5 1.0 <::>
77 77 3:) 70.0 73.0 67.5 34.D (-1.5) II'" -..
en
'"'0.0 1ft
1ft
.$:
...
....
II'"
1'1.1
....

. -fI
-..
UI

:'"
<::>
<::>
0>

...
I
....
 ) ) )

3::
>-.
-<
I
<=>
.j>o.
I
.....
<=>
<=>
<=>

.j>o.
CJ>

"TI
;u
'"
-I C>
TABLE 3 ContinI/ad t::t 3f
lfiJkg'5 Hawness t~umb&r K'1O:Ijt Hardness N-.If11Iar >-
;u
~"'"
VI C>
Vi:kers IlIcIenler Knoop 'n6snI5T 500 B'1d :z
1,5,10,30-kgl {KVJ -':I I
tOOO1lf (HI<) :J: en
c:
352 435 ii
f"I
362 41S ....
344 392 .8: -f
326 372 1:1 n-f
309 352 . -<
265 325 -a
t"'I c:
S(M Z OJ
268 n~r-
248 28S n
234 2ff1
220 251 .- ~~.JI OJ
.209 239 ~ .JI >-
;u
OCI 19! 226 rn ~;u
1B!! 215 .... -<
1711
171
184
157
~
19S
187
179
~
o
.
C
\51 178 ..:I
145 166 In
140 160 ..II
tn <a>
135 t&t <a>
.... <=>
CJ>
130 (49 C .j>o.
126 144 <a>
CD
122 140 C <=>
119 138 r CJ>
-...
.. table he9t1in;!S. kg! or gI refers to mlal _Slmr::e.
an
I"
In
B Appano X3 COJ1IIiinsequstio:lS co:MIJ1~ da1snmned hardBeS$ scale mmile:s 10 Vicl<8rs I\Srd~ess ~JS for nickel alld high'TIioIaII arora. Rs'er 10 1.11 betore us1roQconV6."S1:m equat~. .8:
c t~o1e IhaI in Table 5 01 Test Method E 10 (lIJ)jHlsrs In the AmhJIll Book oJ ASTM Slaoo'ants, \,lot 03.0l} ,the usa 0111301>3-kgt ton:a is reJol11l'Mndld (but not mandalory') lor malerilll Ihe hardness I'BfI9B!ram 95 D'"
I" 08
10 If)) HV, ll'1dB ISOHgfforce is recolMI9n::tBd(blJln:>(rrcil'ldatol)')tor maleMI in !hI!hardness laDJe from 49 t~ 300 HV.These l8Commen::taUonsalii dflslJjnad to limilimpression di3mete.'s'o 1M rangl! fro:n 2.50
I:>6.0 mIn. 1M BrineJl haT<t.Ies:s n.rm!!w.; in 1111sconvl!rslon table Bra bas2d en lasts ushg .e.SDOO-kgl toros. \~n the 1S3O-kglbn:e is u~ I~ 'hl! soIt~ nickel 811:1high-nickel alloys, ~e DDTM!rsloll ralEo~'1ShIps In
do IY.)Iapp!y. II"'
LLI -f

. I
-...
UI

:v
<=>
<=>
CD

"TI
...!.
.....
 MAY-04-2000 11 :47 FROM-AKRON-SUMMIT CTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

STD-ASin t:LtaD-ENGL 11)'1

Qm~ E 140
. O?5CJ51D . 13306439076
DbSSQbl) IITT
T-751 P.OIO F-121

r-. TABU: 4 Approximate Hardno.. Conversion Number. for Cartridge 8....9 (70 % Copper 30 % ZInc::Alloy)'MJ

ROC!<W81I-Ian:lnol" Numb6t RockWall SUPl1lrtiCiaIHardno= Null1llmr fltinall Hard.

n8&SNumber
VlCkllf'4
Hatdn8S& D Scal8, 100- F Seals. 60-1<91 16-'1'Seals. 31H Scale, 3D- 45-'1'Scale. 45-
kaf, V,.-in. Yr...in. 15-kgf.Yr..in. (1.588- kgl, y,.~. SCO.kgt.
Nurnbllf kat. 'Aloin.
(tlv) (1.5a8'111m) (1.588-mm) mm) (1.SB8-mm) (l.58&-mm) 10-mm
ail! 6811 Bull Bali Bi1U
l3all
(HRB) (HRF) (HFll5-l') (HBS)
IHR SO.1') (HR46-'\')
106 93.5 110.0 90.0 77..5 66.0 169
1" 109.5 ... 65.5 167
192 93.0 77.0 65.0 1611
190 112.5 109.0 76.5 64.6 164
188 92.0 89.S 64.0 1112
106 91.S 108.S 711.0 69.5 161
184 91.0 15,5 63.0 159
182 90.5 108.0 89.0 62.5 157
ISO 00.0 107.5 76.0 62.0 156
118 89.0 74.S 61.5 154
116 88.S 101_0 61.0 152
174 B8.0 88.5 74.0 60.5 150
172 87.6 106.6 13.5 60.0 140
170 8".0 69.5 147
168 66.0 106.0 88.0 73.0 59.0 146
1116 85.5 72.5 58.5 144
164 115.0 105.6 '1'2.0 58.0 142
162 84.0 105_0 87'.5 ... 67.5 141
160 83,5 71.S 56.5 139
158 113.0 104.11 no 56.0 138
156 82.0 104.0 87.0 70.5 55.5 138
164 81.5 103.6 70.0 54.S 195
162 80.5 103.0 54.0 133
150 80.0 86.5 69.S 53.5 131
148 79.0 102.5 69.0 53.0 129
146 78.0 102.0 ... 68.5 52.5 12B
144 ,.,.05 101.5 86.0 61:1.0 51.5 126
142 77.0 '01.0 67.5 51.0 124
140 76.0 100.5 B!>.S 67.0 50.0 122
138 76.0 100.0 66.5 49.0 121
Hili 74.5 99.5 85.0 66.0 40.0 120
,r--,. 98.0 65.t.i 47.5 110
134 73.5
13rz 73.0 98_S 84.S 65.0 46.5 116
130 12.0 !le.a 04.0 64.5 45.:S 114
121:1 'l1.a 97.5 as.5 45.0 113
126 70.0 97.0 83.5 6:':1.0 44.0 113
124 69.0 96.5 82.5 43.0 110
122 68.0 96.0 83.0 62.0 42.0 108
120 67.0 95.5 61.0 41.0 100
118 66.0 &.1.0 82.5 6O.S 40.0 105
118 65.0 94.5 82.0 60.0 3s.a 103
114 64.0 94.0 81.5 59.5 38.0 101
112 63.0 93.0 81_0 sa.5 37.0 ell
110 62,0 92.6 80,6 68.0 35.5 U7
108 61.0 92.0 57.0 34.5 95
106 5a.5 91.2 80.0 56.0 33D 94
104 58.0 00.5 76.6 55.0 32.0 92
57.0 80.8 79.0 54.5 30.5 90
'02 78.S 29.5 88
100 56.0 89.0 53.5
98 54.0 88.0 78.0 52.5 :!8.0 88
96 SS.O 117.2 77.5 51.5 26.5 85
94 51.0 86.3 77.0 50.5 24.5 83
92 49.5 OS.4 76.5 49.0 23.0 82
90 47.5 84.4 75.5 48.0 21.0 80
08 46_0 83.6 75.0 4".0 19.0 79
86 44.0 82.3 74.5 45.5 17.0 71
84 42.0 81.2 73.5 4'1.0 14.5 76
/12 40.0 80.0 73.0 43.0 12.5 74
80 37.5 78.8 72.0 41.0 10.0 72
78 35.0 77.4 71.5 :19.5 7.5 70
78 32.5 "G.O 70.5 38.0 4.5 68
74 30.0 74.8 70.0 36.0 1.0 68
72 27.5 73.2 69.0 34.0 64
10 24.5 71.8 68.0 32.0 63
68 .21.5 70.0 67.0 30.0 62
66 18.5 68.5 66.0 28.0 61
64 15.5 66.8 65.0 2G.G 69
62 12.S 6S.0 63.5 23.0 57

~. I>

----
Copyright by the American Society For Te5ting & Material$
Thu May 04 11 ;05:28 2000
 MAY-04-2000 II :47 FROM-AKRON-SUMMITCTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 13306439076 T-751
P.OII F-121
STD.AST~ E1~D~£NGL L997 .. D7S~51D ObSSq?o 11L II

., E 140
'fA8LE 4 Continued
Rodlwell Hardne" Number Aockwsll Supelficial Hrll'dness Numbar Brinoll Maid-
noS!! Numbsr
VICkers
HIIrdnuss ISScala. 11)(). F Scale, 6O-I<gl 1S-T Sc:4le. 3O-T Scale. SO. 45.r Scale. 45-
5OO-lcgt.
Number kol. '/..-111. Y,..io. 15-1<91.'11..;",
(1.689- IIgt. 'A..in, kOf.V..-in. 100f11m
(HV) (1_5118'mJII) (1.588.mm) mm) (1.588.mm) (1.588-rnm)
Ball
Bal' ell" BIIII Ball tSaR (1018S)
(HAfI) (HRF) (HR 15-T) (HR 30'1') (HI' 4S-1)
tiO 10.0 82.5 62.5._ ~5
68 61.0 61.0 18.0 53
56 58.8 60.0 16.0 52
54 56.5 58,0 12.0 GO
52 63.6 57.0 ~8
50 50,S 65.5 47
40 49.0 54,5 46
48 47.0 63.5 45
47 45.0 44
46 48,0 43
45 40.0 '12
"In lable /leading:;, kg! or gI rolars 1010IDIlalll fome.
S Append"! X4 cOI'IIainseQUBllons COllvertlng dc,enn"'Bd hIIrdness sc:alc numbSfS Ie Vickc:r.s hardnees numbers for cartridgeb!8ss. Rolor
'0 1." beforeusin9
QmvefSlol'l equalions.

10

.. --.....-..
Copyright by the American Society For Te5tlng & Materials
Thu May 04 11:05:28 2000
 MAY-04-2000 11 :47 FROM-AKRON-SUMMIT CTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
13306439076 T-751 P.012 F-121
STD.ASTM E~4Q-ENGL 1~~7 II D75~S1D Db55~?1 DSI II

4t E 140
TABLE 5 Approxima. B,lnell~ockw811 B Hardn8"
Conv8FBion Numbers lor Auat8nlllc Stain'.I. Steel Plato in
Annea.ed Ccmdhion-\s
RockwEilI HarlinOlla Numbnr.
B Scalu (1DO-IIgf.v...in. Brinoll liarcln~ Number
(300G0kgl, 10-mm baU)
(1.588'mm) blllIl (H8S)
(tlRa)
100 2~
99 248
~ ~O
97 233
~ ~B
05 211)
~ ~3
93 207
92 202
~ 1~
90 192
89 187
88 183
87 178
86 174
~~ 170
84 167
83 163
~2 160
81 156
60 163
79 150
7~ 147
n 1~
76 142
7S 139
74 137
~ ~
7!l 132
n 1~
70 128
69 126
6~ 124
~ 1~
66 120
~ I~
~ 1~
63 114
~ 1~
61 111
60 110
In lable neadings, kgl or gf reforJ to 10let Test 10=.
'"
"Appendix X5 ~Dnlllin5 an uqualillO convortlng determined Brlnell hardness
numbers to Roc1<WeilB hardneas nllmbers fOrQustankk: steal plate in 11>10
annealed
condilion. Aeter Ie 1.11 j)efare using INs convcl'$/un equalion.

IT

....- . .---
copyright by th9 Americiln Society For Testing & Materials
Thu May 04 11:05:28 2000
 MAY-04-2000 11 :47 FROM-AKRON-SUMMIT CTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
13306439076 T-751 P.013 F-121
:\TD.ASTM E1qQ-ENGL 1~'7 .. 07S~SID O~S5~7~ 194 ..

41 E 140
TAB '" 6 Approlrimate Rockwell Hardness Con\l8t1110n Numblll"S for AU1518nltic Stainless SteIIl Sheet's

Nom 1- These c:onv~lSiol\S lire!based on intedaboratotY tcsts conducted on the following zrndC/O:1}rpes 201. 202. 301, 302, 304, 3041.. 305, 316, 3161..,
321. and 347, Tempers ranged teom annealed to extra hard for 1YPO 301, with a smaller I'IIItga of tempc:fS for Ihe olhcr typos.. Tell! coupon thicknesses
ransed from approximately 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) to 0.050 in. (1.27 mm).

Roc:kwell HatllnCli~ Number Rockwall SlIperflcilil H~rdl'l8aB Nllmbor

C Scale. 1SOokgl ,S.N Scale. 1!1-Iq;JI. 3()-N ScalD. 30-kgt.
A Scale. 60-kgt. 46-N Seals. 45-k01.
Diamond SlIpcrficial SlIperllClal Superllclal
DlDmond PenEll1a!or
Penelr.llor (HRA) Diamono P8nf:1ralOr Diamond Pcnoll1lror Diamond PenDlmltlr
(}fRC) (HR 'tl-N) (HR 3D-N) (HR 4S.N)
48 7<1A B4.1 66.2 52.1
47 73.9 83.6 65.3 50.9
46 73.4 83.1 64.5 49.8
45 72.9 82.6 83.6 4B.7
44 ?2.4 82.1 62.7 47.5
43 71-9 B1.8 61.B 46.4
42 71.4 81.0 61.0 45.2
41 70.9 80.5 60.1 44.1
40 70.4 ao.o 59.2 43.0
311 69.9 751.5 S8.4 41.8
38 611.3 79.0 57.5 40.7
37 68.8 ~8.5 56.6 30.8
38 68.S 78.0 56.7 38.4
35 67.8 77.5 S4.9 37.3
34 67.3 77.0 64.0 36.1
3S 66..8 76.5 53.! 36.0
32 66.3 75.9 52.3 33,9
31 65.11 75.4 51.4 32.7
30 65.3 74.9 50.5 31.6
29 64.8 74.4 49.6 30.4
2B 64.3 73.9 48.8 29.3
27 63.8 73.4 47.9 26.2
28 83.3 72.9 47.0 27.0
25 82.8 72.4 46.2 25.9
24 62.3 71.9 45.3 24.8
23 81.8 '11.3 44.4 23.6
:!2 61.3 70.B 43.5 22.5
21 60.8 70.3 42.7 21.3
20 GO.3 60.8 41.8 20.2

13scale. lOO-kOl, A Scale. eO-kgI. F Scale, 6O-kgt. 15-T Sealll, 15-kgf, 30-T scale, 3O-kQl. 45- T Scale, 46-1tgI,
v.,'(n. (1.6l1&-rnm) Diamond y,.-In. (1.588'111m) v..-in. (I.SB6.mm) V..in. (l.588-rnm) Vio'in. (1.6IS8.mm)
Ban PonUlrelOl sane as. Ball Ball
(HAS) (HAA) (HRf'J (HR 15-1) (MF!30-T) (HR 46-T)
100 61.5 (113.9) 01.5 80.4 70.2
98 60.9 (113.2) 91.2 79.7 69.2
08 60.3 (112.5) 90.8 79.0 68.2
97 50.7 (111.8) 90.4 78.3 87.2
86 :19.1 (111.,) 90.1 77.7 66.'
05 59.5 (110-S) 89.7 TI.O 66.1
94 58.0 (109.91 89.3 76.3 64.1
as 67.4 (109.1) 88.0 75.6 63.1
92 56.6 (108.4) 88.6 74.9 82.1
91 56.2 (107.8) a8.2 74.2 61.'
00 55.6 (107.1) 97.8 73.5 60.1
09 65.0 (106.4) 87.6 72.8 69.0
88 54.5 (105.7) 67.1 72.1 58.0
8? 53.9 (106.0) 96.7 71.4 67.0
B6 53.3 ('04.4) 86.4 70.7 56.0
as 52.7 (103.7) a6.0 70.0 55.0
84 52.' (103.0) 85.8 69.3 64.0
83 51.5 (102.3) 65.2 68.6 SU
82 50.0 (101.7) 84.9 67.8 51.9
81 50.4 (101.0) 84.S 67.2 60.9
eo 40.8 (100.3) 84.1 66.5 49.9
79 49.2 rnus 89.8 65.8 48.9
16 4a.G 99.0 0:3.4 65.1 47.9
77 40.0 98.9 93.0 84.4 46.6
7B 47.4 97.6 A2.6 63.7 45.B
7S 46.0 96.9 82.3 63.0 44.B
74 46.3 06.2 81.9 62.4 43.8
73 4S.7 95.6 81.5 61.7 42.11
7Z 45.1 514.9 81.2 61.0 41.8
71 44.5 94.2 60.a 60.;1 40.7
10 43.9 9:).$ 80.4 50.6 39.7

12

...- . .- ,- ...
Copyright by the American Society For Te5ting & Materials
Thu May 0411:05:28 2000
 MAY-04-2000 II :47 FROM-AKRON-SUMMITCTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

STD.ASTM E1~D-ENGL t~~?

q~ E 140
II D15~51D
13306439076

Dh5S~13 ~2D
T-751
. P.014 F-121

TABLE 8 Continued
8 Scale, 100'''01, AStaJe,60-IIg/. F ScilIO,60-I<gf, 1s.rSetcle,1S-1qjf. 30-T SClile. 30-kg!. 45-T Scale. 46-kgf.
v.o-in. (1.588-mm) Diamond V18.in.(1.588-mm) Y,..ln. (1.588-mm) v /n. (1.S88'nvn) 1/,..in. (1..s88'mrn)
Ball Penetralor BIIII" Bolli Ball f3a11
(HAB) (HRA) (HflF) (HA15-1) (HR30-1) (HR45-1)
69 1S.S 92.8 BO.1 58.9 38.7
68 42.8 92.2 79.7 58.2 37.7
6? 42.2 91.5 79.3 67.6 38.7
66 41.8 110.8 78.9 56.8 35.7
6:i 41.0 SO.1 78.6 56-1 34.7
64 40.4 811.6 78.2 55.4 33.6
tiS 31;1.11 88.11 77.8 54.7 32.6
62 S9.3 88.1 77.5 54.0 31.6
61 38.7 87.4 77.1 53.3 30.8
60 3D.' 86.8 76.7 52-6 39.8
Slane/alii devial10nc 1.44 2.75 220 1.67 1.57
A In IIIbleheadings, kgf or DI rerera to totalla:ilIOroto.
II Appendix xa conlalns equatiOI\5convOt!tngdSl8rminDdhardness nurnb!:n;10RocllwtlllC and Rockwoll S hardne~ n~mbal'&for au5lDnil1":I1~inl"~981eel 8IIeel. Flefer
10 1.11 before using conversion cIQuallDn6.
c Observed standard dcMallon of lhe inlOr!QboAltoryt8&tdata about the Indicated convurokm fine.

13

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 . D1SCJ5:LD.
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ST]).ASTft £J.~D-ENGL ],CJ..7 01:155..1..
8'-1
4t E 140

~YABI.E 7 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Copper. No. 102 tel 142lnclueivo"" Ii
VICkers l<tloop F\ockwoM Bllnelt
Rockwell Supol1lc1al FlockwenSuperficial
HaltlneBli Hardnoss Haltln8S&Number Hardness HBrone5s
Number Number Number Hardnass Number
l\Iumbor
IS-T lei-T SOoT 16.1 30-1 45-1
a Scale. FSc;sle,
Scale. $CIllO. Scalo. ScalD, Scala. SCOlD.
1s.kgl 15-1<01 3tHqJ' 100-11'!Jf BG-kgl SQ-kol
6OQ-kgf. ZD-kgf
'hool/\. 1/,o-In. l~f 45-kg' 2..mm
'I1..;n. ¥I...in. y".in. Yi...in. 10-mm
'ho-Io. (1.688- (1.588- 'A.-in. Dlameler Dlamelllr
(1.588- (1.1i88- {1.588- mm) mm) (1.588- (1.589- (1.58$-
1-4qJt l-kOf 500-gf rnm) mml mm) mm) mm) mm) Ball Dall
'0011' Ban Bait (HBS) (118S)
(!iV) (Hit) (HI<) (HI<) Bait Ball Bait Ball BaN BaN
(HRS) (liRF)
(HR 15-T) (HA 15-1) (HRSO-n (HR lS.n (liR so.n (liR 45-n
0.01o-in. O.OlO-in. O,04G-in.(1.02-mm) Sirip O.08O-In. O.040-In.
(0.26-mm) (o,sl.mm) (2.03-mm) (1.02"111I1\)
Strip Strip and Grcaret Slrip Slrtp
130 127.0 138.'1 133.8 85.0 67.0 99.0 69.5 49.0 lIG.O
1211 125.2 136.9 132.1 8S.0 94.5 68.0 98.0 87.0 68.5 48.0 117.5
126 123.6 1S4.G 13M 84.0 65.0 97.0 67.5 4a.6 120.0 115.0
124 121-9 133.0 128.7 82.S 83.6 64.0 00,0 86.0 66.5 45.0 117.5 113,0
122 121.1 131_0 127.0 8:1.0 62.5 96.5 85.5 66.0 44.0 11M 111_0
120 118.5 129.0 125.2 82.0 82-5 61.0 95.0 85.0 42.5 112-0 109.0
118 118.8 127.1 123.5 81.5 ... $£1.6 94.0 85.0 64.0 ~1.0 110.0 107.S
116 116.0 125.1 121.7 82.0 58.5 93.0 63.0 40.0 107.0 105.5
114 113.5 123.2 119.9 al.o 81.5 57.0 92.5 84.5 62.0 38.5 105.0 103.5
112 111.8 121.4 118.1 110.5 81.0 55.0 91.5 61.0 37.0 102.0 102.0
110 109.9 119.5 116.3 80.0 53.5 91.0 84.0 60.0 36.0 99.5 100.0
108 108.3 117.5 114.5 60.5 52.0 90.5 83_S 59.0 34.5 97.0 98.0
.-
106 10e.S 115.8 112.6 79.5 80.0 50.0 9G.S 58.0 33.0 94.S 96.0
104 104.9 113.5 110.1 79.0 10.5 49.0 88.5 83.0 5'1.0 32.0 92.0 G4,Q
102 103.2 111.5 1011.0 78.5 79.0 46.5 87.5 82.5 56.0 30.0 89.5 92.0
100 101.5 109.4 lDe1.0 79.0 78.0 44.5 87.0 82.0 66.0 a8.5 81,0 90.0
98 99.8 107.3 104.0 77.S 77.S 42.0 85.5 81.0 53.5 26.5 84.5 88.0
96 911.0 105..S 102.1 77.0 77.0 40.0 84.5 IIO.S 52.0 25.5 82.0 86.5
04- 06.4 103.2 100.0 76.5 78.5 38..0 83.0 90.0 51.0 23.0 79.5 85.0
92 94.7 101D 98.0 76.0 7S.5 35.5 82.0 70.0 49.0 21.0 71.0 83.0
~90 93.0 9U se.O 15.5 75.0 33.0 91.0 79.0 47.5 19.0 74.5 81.0
sa 91.2 96.9 94.0 76.0 74.5 30.5 70.5 77.0 48.0 16.5 79.0
86 89.7 95.S 92-0 74.S 73.5 28.0 78.0 76,0 44.0 14.0 Tr.O
84 87.9 913.3 00.0 74.0 73.0 25.5 76.6 75.0 43.0 12.0 75.0
82 86.1 90.1 87.0 73.5 '12.0 23,0 74.S 74.5 41.0 SUI 73.0
80 84.S 8MI 86.0 '72.5 71.D 20.0 73.0 73.5 39.6 7.0 11.5
78 82.8 86_7 84.0 72.0 70.0 17.0 71.0 72.b 37.S 6.0 69_5
76 81.0 113.5 81.9 11.5 69.5 14.5 69.0 71.5 36.0 2.0 67.6
74 79.2 81.1 79.9 71.0 68.5 11.5 67.S 70.0 34.0 88.0
12 17.6 18.9 78.7 70.0 fr7.5 8.5 68D 89.0 32.0 64.0
70 75.8 76.8 76.6 aU 66,5 5.0 64.0 67.5 30.0 62.0
68 74.3 74.1 74.4 69.0 65.5 2.0 62.0 ee.o 28.0 aO.5
86 72.8 71.9 71-9 68.0 64.1i 80.0 64.5 26..6 511.:;
G4 i'0.9 69.1S 70.0 6'7.6 63.5 58.0 63.5 23.5 57.0
62 69.1 67.0 67.9 56.1S 62.0 56.0 61.0 21.0 55.0
80 67.5 64.8 65.9 66.0 61.0 54.0 59.0 18.0 53.0
58 66.8 62.0 83.8 65.0 60.0 51.5 67.0 15.5 51.5
56 64.0 sa.s 61.8 64.5 68.5 49.0 55.0 13.0 49.6
54 82.:t 67_4 59.5 63.5 57.6 47.0 53.0 10.0 48.0
55.0 57.2 63.0 58.0 44.0 51.5 7_5 46.S
~60.'1
50 58.9 52.8 55.0 82.0 55,0 41.5 40.5 4.1i 44.5
48 57.3 50.3 52.7 61.0 63.6 39.0 47.5 1.5 42.0
111 55.11 48.0 60.2 60,5 52.0 36.0 4&,0 41.0
44 53.9 46.!1 4'1.8 59.5 51.0 33.6 4.'3.0
42 52.2 43.7 45.2 58.5 4$,5 30.5 41.0
40 51.3 40.2 42.8 57.5 48.0 28,0 38.5
A In I8.bleh""'dings.II1,Jf
or (8\e/$10101111
tO$IIO/Ce. . .
9' dBllll11lin9dhardness scalo nllmb91Sto VldUln;hardness numbur.s IOfcDpjlClr,numllcn; 10210 142 Inclu$ive. Refer \0 1.I ,
DAppandbCX7 contains equallDO$cOTIYenin9
bolote usinQ c:anverslon oquatlOns.

14

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Thu May 0411:05:29 2000
 MAY-04-2000 II :48 FROM-AKRON-SUMMITCTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 13306439076 T-751
P.016 F-121
STD.ASTM E~~D-ENGL 1997 II D?S~S~D DL5S~75 713..
q~ E 140
TABLE 8 Approximate H8tdnes, Con\'ersion Numbers for Alloyed White Irons ... ~ C
Vickll~ Brinell AockwcHC Vlcker.s Grinell" ROCIIwellC
Hal'lntlss.HVSO HerdnQ~I$. HBW HordnCS9.HAC Hardn~5, MY:SO Hartlne&&. HBW Herdnon. HRC
1000 (903)11 70 680 621 57
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ 00 ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ m ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ SO
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ 62 ~ ~ ~
7BO (710) 62 460 428 44
760 (692) 61 440 410 42
~ ~ 00 ~ ~ ~
m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
700 (639) 58 380 357 . 35
.. Dalil wet. generaled in an illrel1alloralgrycCi\'IparfsonpICg/>IMecodUCIodby Al1\etlean Found",men'a Society SPEoe;allmns SubcommilllJe, 5-0. Supponil11}dill;!
IMlllable en loan fl'Qln ASTM HGadqU/I"era.. Aequo~1 RR: E28-1oo3.
"In bible h99llin9:J. kg/ Of gf mfcrs to 1011I11881fOICII.
C Appendix X8 comains equations convonlno delennined hardnO~"$ scale numbor.s \0 VlCke". hartlnuSs n~mllers for a110yeClwhIle irons. Aofor to 1.11 before u61nll
convor.sion equallons,
o Teo-millirntltJ1lIUOQ61en earbida bd.
r. Brinul Mrdness numbers In psnmlheliw lira abOvs Ihu me,qmum hardnoss reoommendec:l by Tl!flt Method E 10 and are presenled for inlOtmalien only.

TABLe 9 Approximate H.rdllGslI Conv_nlian NUI11bors for Wrought Aluminum ProduC'l 8. C

Brinell Hard- Vlckars ROCIaotenHarllne&&Numb,;f RCel<WellSuperficl;J1Hafdnass Number
MY Numbar
5oo.kgl.
Hardnoss
NUm&:l8r
B Scale
101»91,
e1()().kgf.
Scala H Scare
BG-Iqjf.
I50T Scala
15.kof.
31>-
T Seals
3O-ktIf.
15.W Scale
l5okgf.
(1G-mmaBl!) 15-kgf, Y'd.in. ellil Ye.io,asll V.-in. Ban V,e-in.8011 VII.in. Ball '4.in. Ball
(HB$) (HV) (!-IRB) (HRE) (HRH) (HR 15-n (HR 3().T) (HR 1S.W)
160 189 91 811 T1 05
165 183 00 119 76 95
ISO t" 89 B9 76 94
146 171 8T 88 74 94
1~ 1~ ~ 66 ~ ~
135 169 (14 87 'l1 9S
~ m ~ ~
70 93
125 147 71) 86 66 92
120 141 76 86 67 92
115 135 72 101 86 65 91
110 129 69 100 85 6:1 91
105 123 65 99 84 61 91
100 117 60 08 83 59 90
OS 111 56 911 02 57 so
80 105 51 &4 lOB 8t 54 89
85 98 48 91 107 80 52 89
80 92 40 611 106 ?9 00 ge
?S 88 34 04 104 76 47 87
70 80 28 80 t02 74 44 66
65 74 75 100 72 85
60 611 70 97 70 93
56 62 es 94 fJ7 112
50 56 50 91 64 eo
4S 50 53 87 82 79
40 44 46 8S 59 77
...
Data ",era generdlod in fin inlariabOrdl()ryfesl pmgmm condui::laa by ASTM SubComminee E28.06. ~upporting dare available from ASTM Heaclqual1ers. Requesl AR:
1<211-1006.
II In lab/e: hila dings, kg! or !If refillS tAlIOlalloSl forea.
r:'Appancllx X9 conlilins aquatlon:; cgnvsnlng d9lonnlned hardness i5QIlo numbers 10 Brinell numbars for wn:Iughl $umJnum proclut:lS. Flefer 10 1.1 I blilote IJslng
conver.sion equatiOna.

15

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STn.ASTn E1~D-ENGL 1"7 .. D15'510 0~5S~?~ b3T II

4111}tE 140

APPENDrxES
(Nonmandatory IDfonnation)

Xl. IlABDNE$S CONV'ER.c;ION EQVA'tIONS FOR NON.AVSTENITIC STEELS

(DETKRMlNED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO ROCKWELt.. C HARDNESS NOMBERS)

XU The following I:quations were genenlled from the Xl.I.5 From RockweU A bardness to Rockwell C hardness:
specific hardness numbers contained in Tablc J and should nOI MRC =- 1.2SS01E+02 + Z.76747E ... OO(HRA)-
be used for converting numbers outSide oftbe defined lwc1ness S.9417HE-03(HRA)1 R~ ==0.9999 (Xl.5)
range. Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conven;ion process,
the converted number should be rounded f() [he ncarest whole X1.1.6 From Rockwell D hill'dness to Rockwell C hardness:
number in accordance wirh Pr8Crlcc E 29. HRC .;
- 3.20806E+Ol + 1.30193IHOO(HRD)
("1.6)
R.:= 1.ppoo
XU.l !"tom Vickers hardness to Rockwell C hardness:
liRC = + 3.14900E'tOJ+ 7.~HJE-02(HV) -
Xl.!.? From Rockwc1115N hatdness to Rockwell C bard.
ness:
3.55432E-05(HV)2- 6.728J6E+03(HV)-I R2 = 0.9999
(XU) HRC = - 3.74666E+ 02 + 1.27582B + 01(HRISN) - 1.483J7E-

X1.1.2 From Brinell hardness (lO-mm tli;:anetcr ~tCcJbaJJ,

OUHRISN)2 + 6.68RI62-04(HRI5111)] R2 0.9999 IXJ.7) =
3000-kgf force) to Rockwell C hardnCIJs: XU.S From Rockwell 30N hardness to Rockwell C hard-
HRC= + 8.352602+01 - 8.68203E-O:!(HBS) + 1.44229B- nc:~!>:
04(HBS1 - 1.1590SE+04(HBS) -I RZ= 0.9998 (XU) IiRC = - 2.60390B+Ol .~ I.il079E+OO(HR30N) R2 = 1.ppoo
(XU)
Xl.1.3 From Brinell hardness (lO-mm diameter tungsten
carbide ban, 3000-kgf Coree) LoRockwell C hardness: X1.1.9 from Rockwen 4SN hartlne.~~\0 Rockwell C hard-
liRC
nc!>!::
+ 1.81673B+Ol + 1.20388E-OHHBW) - 6.94388E-
==

OS(lfaW}2 - 4,RH327E1-03(HBW)-I R~ = O.~J98 (X1.3) HRC == + 3.189782+00 ~. 1t.5413SE-0) (HR.4SN)R2 == 0,9999

(Xt.9)
Xl.1.4 Prom Knoop hardness (500-gf force and gr~arer) to
Rockwell C hardness; XJ.1.10 From Scleroscope hardness 10 Rockwell C hard-
HRC;:; 6.43102E+Ol + 7.59497S-03(IiK500...loJuO> + 1.1372!1fi- neSS:
OS(HKsOO-I~2 - 1.17SISE + 04(HKSOO-IOOO).1 R2 = 1.ppoo IiRC == + 1.147088+01 + 9.61667E-OUIISc) - 3.15195E-
-I R.:!
(x 1.4) 03(HSci - 6.9720K~+02(HSc) = 1.ppoo (XI. 10)

X2. IlARDNESS CONVERSION EQ(JATIONS FOR NON.AUSTENITIC STEELS

(DETERMINE!) HARDNESS SCALE NVMBERS TO ROCKWELL B HARDNH.'tS NUMBERS)

X2. I The fOllowing equations were gencniled from the HRB 'r 1.753576-1-02 - 2.37706E-01(liK,w-ulQO) + 4.56743E-
""
specific hardness numbers contained in Table 2 and ~bould not - 1.124i10E+04(HK'WI-loooJ-1 R% .. 0.9996
04CHK500..IOOO)2 (X2.3)
be used for convening numbers outside of the defined hardness ,a.1.4 From Rocl-welLA hardness to Rockwcll B hardness:
mnge. DUt: to inherent iaaccurolCies in the conversion process,
Ihe: COllvertcc1nlunber should be rounded to thc nearest whole
HRS = - 4,823S0E+01
R%= 1.ppoo
1,5()107E-02(HRAi1
+ 3.3g354E OO(HRA) - (X2.4)
number in accordance with Practice E 29.
X2.I.l From Vickers hardness to Rockwell a hardness:
X2.1.5 From Rockwell F hardness 10Rockwell B haroness:
11M = + 1.146652+02+ tI.82195E-02(HV)- fIRB;= - 9.99816£+01 ~. 1.75617£+OO(HllnR1 == 1.ppoo
(X2.5)
1.41~5sE-04(Hvf - 6.69S28~+03(HV) -I R~ = 0,999$
(X2.1) X2.1.6 From Rockwell 1ST hardness [0 Rock-well B hard-
X2.1.2 From Brinell haldne$~ (lO.mm diamcter steel ball. ness:
3000-kgf force) to Rockwell B hardness: I'II~B = - 1.1t6934E+02 + 3.0g173E+OO(HRIST) R2 = 1.ppoo
(XZ.6)
HRB =
+ 1.14665£+02 + K.!I279SE-02(HBS) -
1.41855B-04(HBS)% - 6.6952I!E+03(HBS) -I R~ = 0.9998 X2.1.7 From Rockwell 30T hardnc~~ lO RocIcWf:1JB hard-
(X2.2) ness:
., 2.42568e+Ol R%
X2.1.3 From Knoop hardness (SOO-gf fl>rce and grearer) to HRB
'"'
+ 1.49'f84B+OO(HRJOT) = 1.ppoo
(X2.7)
Rockw~l1 B hardness:

16

. . ---
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 MAY-04-Z000 11:48 FROM-AKRON-SUMMIT CTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 13306439076 T-751 P.018 F-IZ1
STD.ASTn E1~O-ENGL 1'~1 .. 075'510 DbSS~17 S7b..
41ffi' E 140
X2.U From Rockwell45T hardness to RockwellB hard- liRB =+ 2.74135E-OI .!- 9.9S874E-Ol(HR4ST) R~ = 1.ppoo
ness: (X2.8)

X3. HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR NICKEL AND mGB-NICKEI. ALLOYS

(D£TERMINED BARDNF_qS SCALE NUMBERS TO VICKERS HARDNESS NVMBERS)

X3.l Th~ CoUowing equations w~e generated from the (HV 1.S, 10,30)-1 = T 1.10239E-OZ (X3.8)
specific hardness numbers contained in Table 3 Bndsbould not
be u~cd for convening numbers olltSide of the defined hardness - 8.27ti28E-OS(HRO) R2 = 0.99')<)
range. Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conversion process. X3.1.9 From Rockwell K hardness to Vickers bardness (1.5.
the con"erted number should be rounded lO!he nearest whole 10. and 3Q-kgf forces):
numba in accordance with Practice E 29.
(AY 1.5,10,30)-' = -to1.874585-02
X3.1.1 From Brinell hardness (lQ-mm diameter steel ball, Z (X3.9)
- 1.418S IE-Q4(IiRK) R = 0.9')1)8
3QOO-kgfforce) (0 Vickers hardness (1.5, 10. and 30-kgf
forces): XJ.l.lO Prom Rockwell ISN hurdn~ss to Vickers hardness
HVU.I0.30 = -to8~2S926-02 .t 9.828~ge-01(HBS)+ (1.5. 10. and 3(}.kgf forces):
1.89707E-04(HaS)~a? 1.ppoo (X:'I.1) (RV 1..5.10,30)-1 = + 2.S983SP.-02- 4.31479S-Q4(HRI5N)-to
'-'
l()
)(3.1.2 From Rockwell A hardness Vickers hardness (1.5, 1.75469E-06(HRl,SN)2 R Z = 0.9998 (X3.10)
10, and 3Q..kgC fUTCCII):
X3. t_tl From RockweU 30N hardne.'ts to Vickers hardneRI;
(HY 1.5.10.30)-1 + 2.138:i2E-02 - J.84341J;:-04(HRA) -f- (1.5. 10, and 30-kgf forces);
'"
1.6745SE-06(~A)~ Q,: ~, 0.9998 (XU) (HVI.5. 10.30)-1 = T 9.8018E-03 - 1.58346£-04(HR.30N)-to
X3. J.3 f'rom RockweI1 U hardness to Vickcn; hardness (1.5. 6.16727E-07(HR30N)zRZ .., 0.9997 (X3.1l)
to, and 3~k:gf forces):
X3_1.12 from Rockwe1145N hardness (0 Vickers hardnc:ss
(HV 1.5. 10.30r' = -to!.69S5ZE-02 (1.5, 10. and 3Q-kgf forces);
- 1.29200E-Q4(HRB) R1 = 0.9999 ~X3.3)
(HV 1.S.10. 30)-1
= ... 6.03882E-03 - 9.5120IE-05(HR45N)-to
X3.1.4 r'tom Rockwc:ll C hardness (0 Vickers hardness (1.5,
3.63345E-07(HR4~r RZ = 0.9998 (X3.1Z)
HI, and 3Q..kgf forces):
(tlV 1.5, 10,30)-1 ... T 6.245538-03 - 1.01l014E-Q4(JiRC) + X3.1.13 From Rockwell 15T hardn~s 1.0Vickers hardness
(1.5. 10. and 3O-kgf fOI'Ces):
4.32021S-07<HRC)2 RZ = 0.9995 ~X3.4)
X3.1.5 From Rockwell D hardnc:iK to Vickers hardness (1.5, (HY1.5.10.30}-1= + 3.7141128-02- 3.499S7E-Q4(HR1ST)-
10, and 30-kgf forces): 8.92693B-08(HR1ST)2 It Z = 0.9996 (X3.13)
(HV 1.5. 10.30)-1 = T 1.0440RE-02 - 1.8649Sa-04(IfRD) 'I" X3.1.14 Fron1 Rockwell 30'1"hardness to Vicktm>bardness
8.!69S2E-07(IiRD)2 Q,1.:. 0.9998 (X3.5) (1.5, 10, and 30-kgf fOfl.'c:S):
:.0.1.6 From RockweU E bardnc:ss (0 Vickers hardness (1.5, (1iV1.5,10.30r' i. 1.94133E-02 - 1.8S'2.96£-04(flR307'l-
10. and 30-kgf forcC$): 4.0179RE-O!l(HR3OT)~ Q,2 ;;; 0.9998 (X3.J4)
(HV 1.5.10,30)-1 = -to 2.72286E-02
X3.1.15 From Rockwell 45T hardness to Vickers hardness
- 2.0 I993E-04(1fRf..) n3 = 0.9994 (1.5, to. and 3O-kgf fotces):
(X3.6)
X3.1.7 From Rockwell F hatdncs:5lo Vickers hardncs~ (1.5, = -to1.29736E-02 - 1.I4693E'~04(HR4ST) -
(HV 1.5. 10.30)-1

10, and 30-kgf forces): 1.61879E-07(HR45T): R Z = 0.9998 (X3.15)

(MV1.5, 10.~O)-I =: + 2.94130n-02 (X3.7) X3.1.l6 From Knoop hardness (500 and IOOO-gf torces) to
-2.23861E-()4~tmF)1U 0.9991 Vickc:n; hardnclis (1.5, 10. and 3Q..kgf forces):
'"
X3.1.8 From Rockwell 0 hardness to Vickers hardness (1.5, (HV 1.5. 10.30) .." - S.OS61!7F--Ol
to. and 30-kgf forces): + 8.18046E-OllflK~DO.IOOO) R~ = J.OOOO ("3.16)

17

. .-. -
Copyright by the American Society For Testing & Matarlals
Thu May 0411:05:30 2000
 MAY-04-2000 11 :49 FROM-AKRON-SUMMITCTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
13306439076 T-751 P.019 F-121
ST).AST" E1~D-ENGl 1~~1 II 07S~SlD Db55~78 qD2
II

e E 140
X4. HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATiONS FOR CA:RTRIDGE BRASS
(DETEnMlNED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO VICKERS IUKDNESS NUMBERS)

X4. ] The following equations were generated from \be lAV)-1 ... + 7.6SS95E-02 - 1.19133B-03{HIUST) .1' l.84105E-
specific hardness numbers contained in Table 4 and should not 115(H2151')2
- 8.1431SE-08(ftRIST)J
a2 = 0,9998 (X4.3)
be used for converting numbers outside of the c:lefim:dbardDe:is
range. Du~ 10 inherent inaccuracies in the conv~ion process. X4.1.4 Prom Rockwcll 30T hardness to Vickers hardnC:$s:
the convened number should be rounded to tile nearest wbole (HVr' ...
+ 2.08924E-02 - 2.03448IHI4(HR3OT)- 2.80441E-
number in accordance with Practice E 29. 080iR30T)2+ 1.3318SE-10ltlR301')~R! = 0.9998 (X4.4)
X4.1.1 F'1'OmRockwell a hardness LOVickers hardness: X4.1.5 From Rockwell 45T lwdnt:Ss to Vickers hardness:
(HVT' = + 1.TI793£-02 + 1.31\12E-04lHRB)- 3.77903E- (Hy)-I - 1.03SS3B-04{HR45T)
07{HRB)1
+ 3.SS271E-OIJlHRB)s
R.2 0.9996 - (X4.1)
= + 1.3629SB-02
07(11R4ST)2
+ 8.77834E-O!)(HR4ST)
~ R!
= O.!>!>99
- 9.70S46F.-
(X4..S)
X4.1.2 From RockwelL F hardness to Vickers hardness:
X4.1.6 Prom Brinell hardness (JO-mm diamelc.:r steel ball.
(HV)-I 500-Jcgf force) to Vickers hardness:
= + 2.9S966E-02 - 1.03725B~04(ffRF)- 2.31669~-
()filHRF)~ '1-l.12203E-OS(HRF) J R2 = 0.9998 (X4.2) (HV
= - S.607"..5F.+OO
+ 1.l9007E+
X4.1,3 From Rockwell 1ST hardness to Vickers har4ncss: oo(lms 101500/15) a.2 .. 0.9998 (X4.6)

X5. HAJU)NESS CONVERSION EQUA'nON FOR ANNEALED AUSTENn'IC STAINLESS S'r.£EL PLATE
(DETERMINED PRINELT. HARDNESS NVMBERS TO ROCKWELL B HARDNESS NUMBERS)

XS.l The following cquarlon was g~eratcd from the XS.l.1 From Brinell hardness (lO-mm steel diamc(~r ball.
specific hardness numbers contained. in 'rabl~ S and should not 3000-kgf IOrce) 10 Rockwell B hardness:
he usc4 for convening numbers olltSide of tbc:defined hardness HIU!= ... 1.299988+02 -7.66I160E'y03Ut8S) R! = 0,9999
rangc. Due to inherent inaccuracies in the conversion process, (XS.I)
the converted number ghould be founded to the neatest whole
number in accordance wilh Practice E 29.

X&. BARDNESS CONVERSION EQUJ\TIONS fOR AUSTENlTrC STAINLESS STEEL SHEET

(DETERMJNED KARDN'RSS SCALE NUMBERS TO R.OCKWELL C OR. ROCKWf;LL B HARDNESS NUMBERS

X6.1 The following equations were genera1c:d from me X6.1.5 From Rockwell A bardness to Rockwell B hardness:
specific Juadness numbers contained in Table 6 and should nOt
ARB = - S,16024E+OO.,. 1.71080E+OO(HRA)R! .. 1.ppoo
lit used for convening number.; outside of the defmed hardocss lX6.5)
range. Due to inberent inaccuracies in the conversion process,
the convoned number shoul4 be founded to the nclU'eS\whole X6.1.6 From Rockwell F hardne.<;s to Rockwdl a Iwdne.<;s:
number in accordance wilb Practice E 29. I-IRB -- 6.79918E+0\ + 1.47S39P.1'OOIHRP) R~ ,:;
O.999\}
(XCi.6)
X6.1.1 from Rockwcll A hardness to Rockwel1 C bardne.~$:
HRC =- O.94148E+Ol .~ 1.9S1371HOO(I-tRA) R!
=-
1.ppoo
(X6.1)
X6,1.7 From Rockwell 1SThardness TORockwell a hard-
ness;
X6.1.2
neSS:
From Rockwell 15N hardness to Rockwell C bard. Him
'" - 1.47089E+02 ~ 2.6!J9ZIIEHJO(HRIST) R~ = 1.ppoo(X6.7)
tiRC = - 1.16608£'1'02
+ 1.9S69:zE'~OOlHRISN) R~
= 1.ppoo X6.1.8 from Rockwell 30T hardness 10 Rockwe1J B hllrd-
(X62)
ncsS;
X6.1.3 From Rock.well 30N hardness to Rockwcll C hard-
ness:
liRD
'"
- 1.56777f!+OI .~ 1.43818E.HJO(liR30T) R2 ,. 1.ppoo(X6.8)
tiRC =- 2.79663E+OI .,. U4752E+OOlHR..lON) ~ = 1,ppoo
X6.1.9 From Rockwell 45T hardnc.<;$to Rockwell B hard-
(X6,3)
nesl\:
X6.1.4 From Rockwel1 4SN hardness 10 Rockwell Chard.
ness: HRS = + J.08896B+OJ + 9.1J432I~-Ol(tTR4ST) R2
'"'
1.ppoo
(X6.9)
ARC = + 2.2S782f!-+'OQ + 8.7R36W-OlltlR4SN) It: = 1.ppoolX6.4-)

18

. .
Copyright by the American Society FOr Testing & Materials
Thu May 0411:05:302000
 MAY-04-2000 11 :49 FROM-AKRON-SUMMIT CTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 13306439076 T-751 P.020 F-121
STD. AS'" E1QO-ENGL 1"7 .. 015'510 DbSSq?~ 3~~ II
tit E 140

X7. HARDNF..ss CONVERS10N EQUATIONS FOR COPPJi',R, NOS. 102 'CO 142 INCLUSIVE
(DETERMINE)) HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO VICKERS IlAJU)NJCSS NUMBERS)

X7.1 'I'he following equations were generated from the X7.L7 From Rockwell F hardness f.OVickers hardness (1-
specific bardness numbers contained in Table 7 and should not legf force) for O.04O-in.(l.OO-mm) and greater slrip:
be used for convening numbers oUlAideof the &ftned hardness (HVn-I + 4.0337118-02 -7.12Z18B-04(HlU')
Ie + 6.46922B-
range. Due to jnhcrcnt inaccuracies in the conversion process,
06(HRF)2- 2.64942E-OI!(H~)>k2 = 0.9998 (X7.?)
the convened number should be rounded to the nearcst whole
numbl..'fin accordance with Pracuce B 29. X7.l.R From Rockw~1l 1ST hardness 10 Vicws hardness
X7.1.1 From Vickers hardness (lOO-gf force) to Vickers (I-legf force) for O.04O-in.(l.02-Jnm) and greater slrip:
hardncs$ (I-kg! force): (HV 1)-1 = + 6.91162E-02 - 1.1\9938E-03(~1ST) + 2.43142B-
HV 1 .. - 1.94066E'''01 + l.11624E"'OO(HV 11(11)
RZ
0.9999 OS(HRIST)z- 1.216S7E-.07(HR1ST)3 R2...0.9994 (X7.8)
"" (X7.1)
X7.1.9 Prom Rockwell 30T hardness to Vickers han\n~s:;
X7.1.2 From Knopp hOltdness (l-kgf force) to Vickers
(I-kgf force) for O.04Q..in.(1.02-mm) and greaJer strip:
hardness (I-kg! force):
HV 1:::. + \.11158£+01 T 6.421956-0I(HI<..000> + lHV WI = + 2.1208J£-02- 2.79029E-04(HRJOT) + 1.8S833E-
06(HR3OT)2- 9.410ISE-09(HR30T)~ 11.2= 0.9999 (X7.9)
I.S0709E-03(HK 11ID)2RZ 0.9999 = (X7.2)
X7.1.3 From Knoop hardness (500 gf force) to Vickers X7.1.10 From Rockwcll 45T hardness to Vickers bardness
hardness(I-kgf force): (i-kgf force) for O.04o-in.(1.02-mm)and greater suip:
HV t 4.04249E+00 + 7.73167F--01(HKs~ +
... (J,.{v 1)-1
-=
= + 1.33602E-02- \.16936E-04(tm.45T)- Z.028011::-
1.228ti6B-03(HK,oo)Z R.~ ;:. 0.9998 (X1.3) 07(HR.4ST)2 .,.4.40268£-09(HR.45T))R2 = 0.9995 (X7.10)
X7.1.4 From Rockwell 1ST hardness to Vickers hardl\ess
X7.1.11 From BrineU hardness (l()..mm diameter steel ball,
(I-kgf force) for 0.01 O-in. (0.2S-mm) slrip:
500-kgf force) to Vickers hardness (i-kgf force) for 0.080- in.
(HV1)-' ...: ,. 3.37918£-01- J.15500E-02(HR1ST)
+ 1.400S9B- (2.03-mm) suip:
04(HIU5T)~ - S.IIIIJS7E.-()7(tlRI~T)J
R2=0.9997 tX7.4) HV t = + 2.7769310+ 01 + 8.623S8E-'01lHBS lOISOO/lS} -
X7.1.5 From Rockwell I ST hardness to Vickers hardness 3.66I1SKE-04(HBS
IO/SOOIlS)~ R2 ;,..0.9999 (X7.1I)
(1.kgf force) for O.020-in. (O.51-mm) strip:
X7.1.12 From Brinell hardness (2-nlm diameteJ<steel baD,
(HV 1)-1'" + 1.~038E-OI - 3.80747E-03tHR1ST)+ 4.S4IS0E-
20.kgf force) to Vickers hardness (t-kgf force) for 0.040 in.
OS(HRIST):- 1.9SfI6IE-07{t1RIST)}R~... 0.9997 (X7.5)
(1.02-nun) strip:
X7.1.6 From Rockwell n hardnclis to Vickers hardness 0- HV 1 = - 1.0101!7E+OO + 1.183S2E+OO(HBS 2/20115) -
kg! force) for O.04O-in.(1.()2-mm) and !,'feat.erslrip:
R Z = 0.9999
7.026251O-04ums2/20115)% (X7.12.)
(HVWI 1.39326J!-04(HRB)+ 8.82686£-
'- + 1.4988112-02-
0711fRB)1- 6.304gSE--09(IiRB)3R2 - 0.9999 (X7.6)

X8. HARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR Ar.I.OVED WHITE IRON

(DETEaMlNED HARDNESS SCALF: NUMBERS TO VICKERS HARI)N&.~S NUMBERS)

X8.\ The following cqualions were generated from the HV 50 =- 2.61008B+01 .,. 1.1~63SF-.,.OO(HBW) R~ 1.ppoo
'."
specific hardness numbers contained in "tablo 8 and should nOl ~X8.1)
be used for cOllverting numbers oUlside oithe defined hardness X8.l.2 from Rockwell C hllrdness [0 Vickers hardness
range. Duc to inherent inacc\1r.iCiesin the conversion process, (50-kg{ force):
the convened number should be rounded to the nearest whole
number in accordance wilh PnMice E 29.
HV 50 = ... S.727S3E+02 - 1.71996f'''Ol(HRC) +
3,33893B-0I(HRCf R2
= 0.9991 (X8.2)
X8.1.1 From BrineJl bardne~s (l()..mm diameter tungsten
carbide ball, 3000-kgf force) to Vick.ers h3rdness (So.-kgf
force):

J9

-
Copyrigtlt by the American Socioty For Testing & MatBrial5
ihu May 0411:015:312000
 ,
MAY-04-2000 11:49 FROM-AKRON-SUMMIT CTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
13306439076 T-751 P.02! F-121
STD.AST" E~~Q-ENGL 1~~7 II D75~S1D D~SSq60 DbO II

4t E 140

X!). flARDNESS CONVERSION EQUATIONS FOR WROUGHt ALVMINUM PRODUCTS

(DETERMINED HARDNESS SCALE NUMBERS TO BRINELL RARDNF.£S NUMBERS)

X9.1 The fOllowing equations weIC generlUcd from th8 (to-mm diameter sUlCI ball. SOO-kgf force):
specific hardness numbers contained in Table 9 and should not
(liDS101500/15)-1 + 4.00460S-01- 1.066ISE-02(HRH) +
be used for converting numbers olJtSideof the defined hardness
range.. Due to inherent inaccuracie:s in the col1ve:l'$ionprocess, I.02S2SB-04(ItRH)2
- 3.44242E-07(HRH)3 RJ = 0.9995
(X9.4)
Jbe converted number should be rounded to the nearest whole
number in accordance with Prdctice E 29. X9.1.5 From Rockwell 15T hardness LOBrinell hardness
X9.1. I From Vic~rs hardness (IS-kgf force) to Brinen (IO-mIll diameter stecl ban, 500-1cgf force):
hardness (1 o-mm diameter sfeel baJJ, 500-kgf fon.-c): (HnS 10/500/15)-1= + 3.3SI65E-OI - 1.16197E-02(H1U5T) 'I'
a~s 10,1500115 = + 3.7/\211u'l'OO + 8.:15368£- 1.4477gE-04(HIUSTJ~ - 6.26IK7B-07(HR.1Sl')] R2 = 0.99811
OI(HV 15) R.2 = 1.ppoo (X9.l) (X9.5)
X9.1.2 From Rockwen B hardness fa Brinell hardness (10- X9.1.6 From Rockwell 30T hardness to BrineU hardness
mm diameter steel ball. SOO-kgfforce): OO-mm diameter steel ball, SOO-kgf force):
(fIBS 101500115)-1 ;- 209261E-02
"" - 1.71476B-08(Hag)] R2
- 3.13747a-04(HR.P) + mas 10/500115)
, .. ;- 4.686108-02 - 1.24!)64E-03(HR3<Yr) +
3.24720E-06(HRB)2 = 0.9995 1.45S28a-OS<HR30T)2 - 6.714J7E-08(HR3OT)' R2 ." 0.9994
(X9.2)
CX9.6)
X9.1.3 From R.ockwell E hardness to Brinell hardness (10-
X9.l.7 From Rockwell 15W hardness to Brinen hardness
mm diameter Steel ba1l, SOO-kgf (orce):
(IO-mm diameter Steel baU, Soo..kgf force):
(H.8S10/500115)-1 = + 7.443S6E-02 l.82782E-03(flRE) +- (tfRS 101500115) = - 7.10127E-t03 + 2.7IJ67B+02(HR1SW) -
2.047UIB-OS(HRa)~ - 8.75260E-08(HR8)3R~ = 0.9989 3.46213f:+OO(HRt5wf.,..1.48SS1B-02(HRlSW)'R.~:;
(X9.3) 0.9924
<X9.1)
X9.1.4 From Rockwell H hardness to Brinell hardness

XIO. EFFECT OF STRAIN RAR()F..NING ON HARDNESS CONVERSION RELATIONSHIPS

XIO.1 For fenous and nonferrou:'I metals softer than 24()
lIB, asingte set of hardness conversion relationships inevitably
introduces hlrge errors becau~ of the wide diiferencc lhat may
ew\. in the amount of cold working before testing, as well as
dte amount thaI.acCIn during the test itSelf. TIlis dependence
on strain-hardening characteristics can be demonsmued by the
Rockwell scales IS-T, 30-T. 45. T, F, and B. in which forces
ranging from 15 to 100 kgf are applied on a I/iG-in.(1.58B-mm)
diameter ball indenter. As higher forces are usc:d,tbe increased
strain raises !he bardness by an amount that depends on the
pretest capacity of lhe metal for stta.in hardening. An annealed
metal of high capacity for Strainhardening will barden much
morein tbe test tban will a cold. worked metal. For example:,an
annealed iton and a cold-tolled aluminuln alloy may have
hardQesscs of 71 and 72 OR 1ST, respectively. The: hardneases
are 31 HRB for the soft annealed iron and 7 HRB for the
cold-rolledaJulninumalioy.
XIO.2 On the Other hand, jf maI.erials have BrineU or
Roclcwcll hardness values tbat are approximatety equal in the
anntltlJed state as well as afte:r heavy cold deformation. thc.~i:
nUII«ials will have similar hardness conversion relationshirs
tor all desrees of' snain hardening. This is trUe of yellow
brasses and low-carbon steels IInd irons. 111e limiting condi-
tions can usually be identified by the appearance of the
hardness indentations themselves. Soft annca1ed metals have
characteristic" sinking" type indentation contoun> when indent-
I.."I'S
of tbe ball type arC used. On the !)ther hand, heavily
cold-worked metals have: sharp ''ridging'' type indentations.
While annealed metals are being progressively cold worked,
Ihe indentation contours pa$S through a "fiat" stage in which
the lip of tbe indenlation is neither round nor sharply ridged. It
is necessary to base hardness convc:r:dons on comparative teSI:)
of similar materials that also bave very similar mechanical
propuue:;.

TIle AmdrJCall SocietY for TI'IJlftl9 and M"tdtisls la/r~ /JOposiliCf/ (il6prJalifr(JIlle val'ldl/y of sny p;./anl ';0"'$ It$serted ill connflC/ion
w/lllany 110mmontiOllflClin rh~ sranchllfl. USOr.J'1f Ihls SIIlnrkftti oI(/lI»I/I(e$&ly sdvi:;ad lllal c1QI..rmlnarion 01 r119vafidily of 911YsUe'h
pilla", n9fJt!1, Ills risk 01 /IIItingsmfllll of $lIctI n'gh~, SIB smimly III9Ir OWII rr3S{KJf1SilJililY-
II""

(evis;on ~I lilly rima /)y l"fI r8SP/JlI8fbfo IdCllnicsl OIImml!/BfI und fTIIJS!~ ravfBwod /Mlry fIvs yealS and
""ili standstrJ ill sUbjecl
'"
It not r..!IitHKJ.olrh/lr tSSPProWItJ orwilfldrawll. Your comm/llll9 arB invilod el/lJer fOf /elltSion of IIIIs oranda«l or fOfllddilional 1$1:",,*,((/8
iJnc1:;/101I1/1bo IIddfBSSod ~ ASTM HfJar:lquDrr..t$. Vour commBnts wi/I(scsivo cafelul COTJ:iidBrarion tll a mSllring of I/IB ro~lIs/IJl/I
I«hllita! commitraD. whiCh yoll an/lnc1. If )/Oil 1'1,,1/fISt your _MlSnIS ltalls nor rocaloHleJII flAir llearlng ~u shou/c1/TIoIkil;our
vitlwS /maWrr ""'1
f11eA$TM ComrnlrrBoon SldndiUU:1.100 enr, HaflXlr Otivtl. Wsst CofIs/1OlJOC'1«In. PA I~S.
'"

20

Copyright by the American Society For Testing & Material$

Thu May 04 11 :05:31 2000