Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Reading
(AMR)
GIRISH KUMAR A
16035018
1
Contents :
I- Abstract .
II- Introduction
3- Benefits of AMR .
4- AMR construction .
6- DISADVANTAGES OF AMR .
7- References.
2
I - Abstract :
3
II - Introduction
In 1886 , the first ac transmission line was installed . Since this age
, it was very important to measure the energy that consumers pay for .
Hence , the first generation of power meters was found which we know
as (Watt-Hour meter ) [1].
4
Traditional meter reading
systems disadvantages :
• Highly Person dependant.
• Meter data used only for billing, cannot help in analysis like
demand analysis, energy audit, pinpointing losses, etc.
5
What is the AMR ?
6
Benefits of AMR :
7
AMR construction :
4.1 -
Consumer side unit (CSU) RTC
Antenna
:
GSM Modem
OR RF Transmitter LCD
-receiver
Microcontroller Relay
Power Supply AT89C2051
Transmitter unit is used to send the meter reading to the receiving end. The
data is send to the receiver end through RF channel. The transmitter unit consist of
transmitter module, encoder HT12E, microcontroller AT89C2051 and display driver
74LS244.The pulses are given to the of microcontroller via optocoupler. For display
the meter reading we are using seven segments. The supply which is given to the
transmitter unit is +5 volt. The meter data is stored on the EEPRO memory unit .
8
AMR THEORY OF OPERATION :
5.1 Consumer side unit (CSU) operation :
The microcontroller receives the measured quantity as analog data
from the energy meter port which is , in watt-hour meters , a potential
and current quantities .The microcontroller is programmed to analysis
this quantities then it display the reading in the LCD screen . When the
server wants to collect the reading from the meter , it sends a message
to the meter which receive it throw the antenna and the GSM modem
connected with it . This message call the meter to wake up and then it
makes a data frame consisting of the meter’s information and sends it to
the server which collect them and store them in the database . The data
collection can be done at any time or periodically such as hourly, daily,
weekly or monthly.
9
immunity, reliability and low cost, both at the remote site and the central
station.
Telephone communications AMR systems are categorized by the
method of call initiation and initial data flow. The two most common
forms are inbound communications and outbound communications.
5.3.1.1 Inbound communications :
10
geographical areas served by one electric company and two or
more telephone companies.
11
initiated from the company's central office. Therefore, systems of this
type have limited function and relatively low feature/function cost ratios
and are not well suited for use by electric utilities.
12
DISADVANTAGES OF AMR :
The most effective disadvantages of AMR system are :
13
References :
1- “Electric power transmission”, Wikipedia ,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission ,
2- “Automatic meter reading”, Wikipedia ,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_meter_reading ,
3- “AMR: Automated Meter Reading ,Passive Line Component Offering” , Johanson Technology
Inc ,
4- “Cisco Outdoor Wireless Solutions—Automated Meter Reading” , Cisco Systems, Inc.,
5- Tom D. Tamarkin , “Automatic Meter Reading “ , Public Power magazine , Volume 50,
14
15