DESIGN OF MULTIPLE SENSORS FOR WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

PROJECT CONCEPT
Turbidity Sensor:

Turbidity is an indicator often used to find the amount of suspended

sediment in water. High turbidity means high concentration of suspended solids.

Iron Sensor:
In this project the iron content of an unknown will be determined
by comparing the absorbance at a specific wavelength of an unknown solution
to that of standards.

Basic Principle Of Operation :

Light source is used to incident light rays on to sample. Measurements are made at
180o from the incident light beam. Photo detectors detect the light produced from
the interaction of the incident light and the sample volume and produce an
electronic signal that is then converted to a turbidity value.

When the light is transmitted from the light source it will fall on the LDR directly
and we know the property of LDR which is when the light that is maximum light
intensity falls on it, its resistance is less and as the light decreases the resistance
increases and therefore there is increase in voltage drop.

STEPS FOR SOFTWARE SIMULATION:

 Run the proteus 8 demonstration software by clicking the icon on the

desktop, then this splash screen will appear.
Note that there is a blue rectangular line in the workspace, make sure that
whole circuit is designed inside the rectangular space.
 Proteus 8 Demonstration Splash Screen

 Next step is selecting the components to our required circuit

Components Used In Proteus 8 Demonstration

 Select the all components from library, that components are added to devices
list.
 Click on the device and change the angle of the device by using rotate
buttons. Then click in the work space then the selected component is placed
in work space.
 Place all the devices in work space and put the curser at the component pin
end then draw the connections with that pen symbol.
 Connect all the components according to circuit then that designed circuit is
show in below image.

Circuit designed In Proteus 8 Demonstration

 After completion of designing save with some name and debug it. This is
virtual simulation means without making circuit we can see the result in
virtually through this software and we can design the PCB layout to our
required circuit with this software.

Medium Light Incident On LDR

Maximum Light Incident On LDR

 Zero Light Incident On LDR

We have used simulator for Arduino.

Arduino Simulator At Zero Input

 Arduino Simulator At 2.5v Input

Arduino Simulator At Maximum Input (5V)

HARDWARE:

Block diagram of Turbidity sensor

Block diagram of Iron sensor

BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR TURBIDITY AND IRON SENSORS:

STEPS(TURBIDITY SENSOR):

 Connect the circuit as shown in the above figure.

 When the light is transmitted from the light source it will fall on the LDR
directly and we know the property of LDR which is when the light that is
maximum light intensity falls on it, its resistance is less and as the light
decreases the resistance increases and therefore there is increase in voltage
drop.
 Place the testing sample inbetween LDR and bulb.
 Output is connected to arduino which gives how much concentration of mud
is present in water.
 High turbidity means high concentration of suspended solids.

STEPS(IRON SENSOR):

 Connect the circuit as shown in the above figure.

 Place the testing sample inbetween LDR and bulb. In the sample add
phenapthalene and hydroxylamine hydrochloride which turns solution into
red colour.
 Output is connected to arduino which gives how much concentration of iron
is present in water .

Note: we have added ferric chloride in the sample as we know that in water
there will be zero concentration of iron.

Figure 19:Turbidity Sensor With Test Sample

 Output From Turbidity Sensor With Test Sample of pure water

Output From Turbidity Sensor With Test Sample of 1mg/ml mud

Output From Turbidity Sensor With Test Sample of 2 mg/ml

 Iron Sensor With Test Sample

Output From Iron Sensor With Test Sample

Output From Iron Sensor With Test Sample Of 2 gm/ml