INTRODUCTION

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet develop by Microsoft for Windows, macros, Android and ios. It features
calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for
Applications. It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5
in 1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel forms part of
the Microsoft Office suit of software.

Features
Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets, using a grid of cells arranged in
numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic operations. It has
a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical, engineering and financial needs. In addition, it can
display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very limited three-dimensional graphical
display. It allows sectioning of data to view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives
(using pivot tables and the scenario manager). It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for
Applications, allowing the user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving
differential equations of mathematical physics, and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It
also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide the spreadsheet
from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a so-called application, or decision support
system (DSS), via a custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock analyzer, or in general, as a
design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and reports. In a more elaborate realization,
an Excel application can automatically poll external databases and measuring instruments using an update
schedule, analyze the results, make a Word report or PowerPoint slide show, and e-mail these
presentations on a regular basis to a list of participants. Excel was not designed to be used as a database.

Salient features

1. Add Header and Footer:MS Excel allows us to keep header and footer in our
spreadsheet document.
2. Find and Replace Command:MS Excel allows us to find the needed data (text and
numbers) in the workbook and also replace the existing data with a new one.
3. Password Protection:It allows user to protect their workbooks by using password
from unauthorized access to their information.
4. Data Filtering:Filtering is a quick and easy way to find and work with a subset of data in
a range. A filtered range displays only the rows that meet the criteria you specify for a column.
MS Excel provides two commands for filtering ranges:
• AutoFilter; which includes filter by selection, for simple criteria
• Advanced Filter; for more complex criteria
5. Data Sorting :Data sorting is the process of arranging data in some logical order. MS
Excel allows us to sort data either in ascending or descending order.
6. Built in formulae
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MS Excel has got many built- in formulae for sum, average, minimum, etc. We can use those
formulae as per our needs.
7. Create different charts (Pivot Table Report):MS Excel allows us to create
different charts such as bar graph, pie- charts, line graphs, etc. This helps us to analyze and
compare data very easily.
8. Automatically edits the result:MS Excel automatically edits the result if any
changes are made in any of the cell.
9. Formula Auditin:Using formula auditing we can graphically display or trace the
relationships between cells and formulas with blue arrows. We can trace the precedents (the
cells that provide data to a specific cell) or the dependents (the cells that depend on the value in
a specific cell).

Excel window

Destop Start All Programs

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Ms.excel Ms office
 Practical Questions
Create your own Database and perform the basic function of excel.

Formula’s
SUM:- =SUM(C2+D2) OR =SUM(C2:D3)

PERCENTAGE :- =(C2=D2)/200 or =(C3+D3)/200*100

AVERAGE :- =AVG(C2:D2) or =(C3+D3)/2

SUBTRACT :- =(C2-D2)

DIVIDE :-= (D2/C2)

MULTIPLY :- =(C2*D2)
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 On the basis of certain database,draw the basic charts used in excel.

BAR CHART

They are the best chart type for comparing multiple value. They are use to illustrate patterns.

Names Subjects Marks

A Maths 90
B Economics 44
C English 58
D Hindi 76
E Accounts 87
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 PIE CHART

Years Maths Science Percentage

1 67 82 108
2 35 65 67.5
3 27 45 49.5
4 91 28 105
5 75 34 92
6 65 59 94.5
Total 360 313 516.5

The above chart is pie chart. It displays the contribution of each value of the total. 5
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 Explain conditional formatting with an example.

Steps involved :-

1. Create a database
2. Select the cells where you have to Conditional Formatting. Like in the above
data we have selected the marks of all students.
3. Then, click home>conditional formatting>highlight cell rules.
4. In highlight cell rules select Greater than (>)
5. A dialog box will open:-

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6.Enter the 55 i.e., you have to format those cells that are greater than 55.
 Explain the logical functions (if , and , or)

The steps involved here are :-

1. We have taken a database consisting of NameandMarks

2. On the basis of such data we used IFlogical function
3. Here the condition involved is =if(b3>70”good”,”good luck next time”)which signifies that
all that all those students having marks greater than 70 are considered as good
otherwise good luck next time .

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The above logical function is OR. This function will determine if any of the condition in
the test is TRUE. Otherwise it returns FALSE.

The steps involved here are :-

1. We have taken a database consisting of Gender and Marks.

2. On the basis of such data we have used OR Logical function.
3. The condition used here is : =OR(B2>65,(c2=”female”)).

The above condition signifies that A signifies names and B signifies marks
and c signifies genders and D signifies status.

The above logical function is AND. It is used to require more than one condition at the
same time . AND returns either TRUE or FALSE.

The steps involved here are :-

1. We have taken a database consisting of NameandMarks .

2. On the basis of such data we have used ANDlogical function.
3. The condition used here is:
=if(b3>70,”good”,if(and(b2 >60,b2<=75),”wait”,”better luck next time”))
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 Explain IRR and NVP?

The IRR of proposal is deemed as the discount rate which produces a zero NVP i.e.,
the IRR is the discounted rate which will equate the present value of cash inflow with
the present value of cash outflows.

The steps involved are :-

1. Create the database with the cash outflow and cash inflow
2. Calculate the IRR :- =IRR(c2;c8)

Years Project a Project b

0 -10000 -5000
1 500 500
2 640 600
3 1000
4 900
5 500 900
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6 800 450
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 Net present value

The NVP of any proposal that involves cash inflow and outflow over a period of
time is equal to the net present value of all cash flows.

The steps involved are :-

1. Create a database with years and cash flows for certain years.
2. Enter a certain interest. As entered in I1
3. Calculate the NVP by :- =NVP(I1,B3:B8)+B2

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 Linking of cells
Explain the linking of sheets with the help of your own database.
In excel, a link is a formula that dynamically pulls in data from a cell in another
worksheet. The worksheet can be in the same workbook or a different workbook.

Steps are involved are:-

1. Create your database.

2.Open another sheet i.e., sheet2 in the same workbook.

3.Put equals to sign (=) in any cell of your choice.

4.Go back to the Sheet1 containing the data select a single cell containing some word
or number etc

5. Come back to sheet 2 and press enter on the cell with equals to sign.
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It will displays the entire data in the form of Linking

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V Look up, H Look up

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 VLOOKUP: When the VLOOKUP function is called, Excel searches for a lookup value in the
leftmost column of a section of your spreadsheet called the table array. The function returns
another value in the same row, defined by the column index number.

HLOOKUP: it is similar to VLOOKUP, but it searches a row instead of a column, and the
result is offset by a row index number.

VLOOKUP example
Let's use the workbook above as an example which has two sheets. The first is called Data
Sheet. On this sheet, each row contains information about an inventory item. The first column is
a part number, and the third column is a price in dollars.

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 Data validation
DATA < DATA VALIDATION

It is a feature in excel used to control what user can enter into a cell. For example,
show a list, limit the cell to whole numbers, or text of specific length.

Steps involved are:-

1. Select the cells you want to create a rule for
2. Select Data> Data Validation
3. On the settings tab, under Allow, select an option:
 Whole Numbers: to restrict the cell to accept only whole numbers
 Decimal: to restrict the cell to accept only decimal numbers
 List: to pick data from the drop-down list.

 Date: to restrict the cell to accept only date.

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 Goal seek
DATA < WHAT IF ANALYSS < GOAL SEEK
 The Goal Seek function in Excel (often referred to as what-if Analysis ) is a method
of solving for a desired output by changing an assumption that drives it.

Steps involved are:-

1. Create your own database
2. Click the cell you want to change. This is called “SET CELL”.
3. Step 1. Create a spreadsheet in Excel that has your data.
4. Step 2. Click the cell you want to change.
5. Step 3. From the Data tab, select the What if Analysis
6. Step 4. Select Goal seek.
7. Step 5. In the Goal Seek dialog, enter the new “what if ” amount in the To value text
box.
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8. Step 6. We also need to tell Excel which cell to change.

9. Step 7. Click OK.
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 Scenario Manger & Scenario Summary
DATA < WHAT IF ANALYSIS < SCENERIO MANAGER
Excel’s Scenario Manger option on the What-if Analysis button’s drop down menu on
the data tab of the ribbon enables you to create and have save sets of different input
values that produce different calculated results, named scenarios.

1.Create the database. As in the above pictures we have taken the product like bajra
and the quantity and price of that product.

2.Click Data Tab>What-if Analysis>Scenario Manager.

3.Create scenario.

4. When we click on ADD a dialog box will appear

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5.Enter the scenario name as quantity.

6. After clicking on show . Another dialog box will appear.

7.for summary click on summary option in scenario manager.

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 Macros
VIEW < MACROS

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A macro in computer science is a rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence
should be mapped to a replacement output sequence according to a defined procedure. The
mapping process that instantiates a macro use into a specific sequence is known as macro
expansion

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 Pivot Table
INSERT < PIVO TABLE

Pivot Table- A pivot table is a program tool that allows you to reorganize and summarize
selected columns and rows of data in a spreadsheet or database table to obtain a desired report. A
pivot table doesn’t actually change the spreadsheet or database itself. The pivot is to turn the data
to view it from different perspectives

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