Mechanics of Materials (16ME33)

Compiled by:
Dr P R Venkatesh
Associate Professor
Room No 2, Ground Floor
Mechanical Department
RVCE, Bangalore-59
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
 Mechanics of Materials (16ME33)
UNIT 2
Bending moment and shear force in beams : Introduction, Types of beams, Loads
and Reactions, Shear forces and bending moments, Rate of loading, Sign
conventions, Relationship between shear force and bending moments, Shear
force and bending moment diagrams subjected to concentrated loads, uniform
distributed load (UDL) for different types of beams.(UVL not included)

Bending stress in beams: Introduction, Assumptions in simple bending theory,

Derivation of Bernoulli’s equation, Modulus of rupture, Section modulus, Flexural
rigidity, Bending stress distribution in beams of various sections, Beam of uniform
strength (No numerical on beam of uniform strength)

Shear stresses in beams: Expression for horizontal shear stress in beam, Shear
stress diagram for simple rectangular and I section and T sections only. Numerical
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
problems. Bangalore
 SHEAR FORCE & BENDING MOMENT IN BEAMS
• A beam in a structural member with relatively small cross
sectional dimensions and is generally subjected to bending
due to transverse forces acting on it.
Typical applications are;
• To support floors & ceilings of buildings
• Pipes carrying water
• Shafts supported on bearings
• Lathe beds
Transverse sections of a beam are subjected to shear force &
bending moment.
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
 TYPES OF BEAMS
Beams may be classified as;
(i) Straight beam & curved beam: A straight beam is one whose
axis is along a straight line.
Ex: Building frames, Electric pole, Brake lever, Handle bars, etc.
A curved beam has its axis along a curve
Ex: Crane hook, Arches, Chain links, C-clamps, etc.
(ii) Horizontal, Vertical & inclined beam: If the axis of the beam is
straight & horizontal, it is called a horizontal beam.
Ex: Building frames, Beams of bridges
Vertical beams have their axes straight & vertical. Ex: Electric pole
Inclined beams have their axes straight but inclined to the
vertical/horizontal at an angle.
Ex: Ladder resting against a wall.
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
 (iii) Statically determinate & indeterminate beams:
In a statically determinate beam, the number of unknowns
(reactions, displacements, slope, etc.) are equal to the number of
equilibrium equations & hence it possible to solve for the unknown
values.
Unknowns RA , RB
P1 P2
Equilibrium equations :
 

R1 R2 V  0,  M A 0

In a statically indeterminate beam, the number of unknowns

(reactions, displacements, rotations, etc. are greater than the
number of equilibrium equations & hence additional compatibility
equations (based on deflection, slope) are required to solve for the
unknown values. Unknowns R , R , M , M A B A B
P1 P2 P3 Equilibrium equations :
M2

V  0,  M
M1
A  0,
RA
Compatibility conditions  A   B  0
RB
(iv) Cantilever, simply supported, fixed, overhanging &
continuous beams:
A beam fixed at one end & free at the other end is known as
cantilever beam.

A beam resting freely on the supports at two ends is known as simply

supported beam

If both ends of the beam are fixed or built in walls, it is called as a

fixed beam.
(iv) Cantilever, simply supported, fixed, overhanging &
continuous beams (contd….)
If the end portion of the beam is extended beyond the supports, it is
called overhanging beam. A beam may be overhanging on one or
both the sides.

A beam which is provided with more than two supports is known as

continuous beam.
 Types of Loads
(i) Point load or concentrated load: If the contact length between the
load & the beam is negligible compared to the length of the beam, it
is said to be under point load.

(ii) Uniformly distributed load: If the load is spread over the beam in
a manner that the rate of loading is uniform along the length, it is said
to be uniformly distributed load (UDL)
w N/m w N/m

Or
 Types of Loads….
(iii) Uniformly varying load: If the rate of loading varies uniformly
from point to point along the length of the beam, it is said to be UVL.
If the load is zero at one end & maximum at the other, it said to be
triangular load.
W
W2
W1

(iv) Couple: A beam may be subjected to a couple as shown in fig.

C
 Types of support
Simple support:
• A beam just placed over two supports is said to be
simply supported beam.
• A simple support can only exert reaction in a direction
perpendicular to the contact surface.
• Rotation of the beam is not restricted and hence it does
not exert any reactive moment.
P1 P2 P1 P2

   

R1 R2

(a) (b)
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
Hinged support:
• A beam may be hinged to a support with a pin such that
its translational motion is arrested in all directions.
• Also Rotation of the beam is not restricted and hence it
does not exert any reactive moment.
• A hinge can exert reaction in any direction in the plane
of loading, depending on the direction of the loads.

P1 P2 P1 P2

   
RAH
 
 
RAV RB

(a) (b)
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
Fixed support:
• Fixed supports can arrest both translational & rotational
motion of a beam.
• A fixed support will exert both reactive force and
reactive moment.
• A beam whose one end is fixed is called a cantilever.

P1 P2 P1 P2

 
RH
 
M
RV
(a) (b)

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 Shear force & Shear force diagram:
• The algebraic sum of vertical forces acting to the right or
left of any section considered is known as shear force,
denoted by SF.
• The graphical representation of the variation of shear
force along the length of the beam is called shear force
diagram (SFD)
• The ordinate of the shear force diagram at any section
gives the value of shear force at that section.

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 Bending moment & bending moment diagram:
• The algebraic sum of moments of all the forces acting to
the right or left of any section considered is known as
bending moment, denoted by BM.
• The graphical representation of the variation of bending
moment along the length of the beam is called bending
moment diagram (BMD)
• The ordinate of the bending moment diagram at any
section gives the value of bending moment at that
section.
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
 Sign convention for shear force
• As the shear force is an unbalanced vertical force, it tends to slide
one portion of the beam w.r.t another.
• If the right portion slides downward w.r.t the left portion or the
left portion slides upward w.r.t the right portion, the shear force is
considered as positive.

Positive shear Force

• If the right portion slides upward w.r.t the left portion or the left
portion slides downward w.r.t the right portion, the shear force is
considered as negative.

Negative shear force

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
 Sign convention for Bending Moment
• If the beam bends in such a way that the concavity is at
the top, it is considered as positive bending moment.
• It is also called as ‘sagging moment’
• In other words, the bending moment is positive when
the moments of forces & reactions on the left portion is
clockwise & on the right portion is counterclockwise.

cw ccw
x
concavity
+

x
Dr PPositive Bending
R Venkatesh, Mech Dept,Moment
RVCE,
Bangalore
 Sign convention for Bending Moment
• If the beam bends in such a way that the convexity is at
the top, it is considered as negative bending moment.
• It is also called as ‘hogging moment’
• In other words, the bending moment is negative when
the moments of forces & reactions on the left portion is
counterclockwise & on the right portion is clockwise.
x

Convexity x

ccw cw
Negative Bending Moment

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 Relationship between Bending Moment & Shear Force
w per unit
M M+
F+F length
P Q
A B
x x

F
l

Fig shows a beam carrying UDL of w/m length. Consider

small portion of the beam PQ of length x at a distance x
from the left support. The load on the portion PQ =w x.
Let F=Shear force at P
F+ F=Shear force at Q
M = Bending moment at P
M+ M = Bending moment
Dr P R Venkatesh, atRVCE,Q
Mech Dept,
Bangalore
 w per unit
M M+
F+F length
P Q
A B
x x

F
l

For equilibrium of element PQ,

V  0  F  w x  ( F   F )  0
δF
 = w Thus, the rate of change of shear force (or slope of
δx
the shear force diagram) is equal to the intensity of load.

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
Also  M  0 Taking moments about Q,
x
M  ( w x)   ( F   x)  ( M   M )  0
2
( x) 2
w  F  x   M  0 Neglecting ( x ) 2 as it is very small,
2
δM
= -F Thus, the rate of change of bending moment (or slope of
δx
the bending moment curve) is equal to the shear force at that section.

δM
Note : For maximum value of bending moment, 0
δx
i.e. Bending moment (BM) is maximum when shear force (SF) is equal
to zero. But practically, BM will be maximum when SF changes its sign.

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 Bending Moment & Shear Force diagrams for standard cases

Within the scope of our syllabus, we discuss the SFD & BMD of;
(i) Cantilever beam subjected to point loads, UDL & couple. (UVL not
included)
(ii) Simply supported beam subjected to point loads, UDL & couple. (UVL
not included)
Note:
• In a bending beam, a point is known as a point of contraflexure if it is a
location at which no bending occurs. In a bending moment diagram, it is
the point at which the bending moment curve intersects with the zero line.
• In other words it is the point where the bending moment changes its sign
from negative to positive or vice versa. Knowing the place of the
contraflexure is especially useful when designing reinforced concrete or
structural steel beams andDr Palso
R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
for designing bridges.
Bangalore
Cantilever beam subjected to Point load Fig shows a cantilever beam
X W fixed at end A & carrying a point

A B load at the free end B.

x
X
L
Consider a section X-X at a
distance ‘x’ from free end B.
+ W Shear force at this section is
B
A
SFD
A equal to the total unbalanced
B
_ BMD force. Shear force Fx=+W.
WL
Even at ends, at x=o, F=+W.
@ X=L, F=+W

Bending Moment at section x - x = Wx ( Negative as it is a hogging moment,

& BMD is a straight line as variation is linear)
At x = 0, (at free end), BM = 0
At x = L, (at fixed end), BM = -WL
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
Cantilever beam subjected to UDL Fig shows a cantilever beam
X w/unit length fixed at end A & carrying a
UDL of w/unit length
A x B
L
X Shear force at section X-X is
equal to the total unbalanced
Linear
force. Shear force Fx=+wx.
wL
+ SFD
B
(Linear variation)
A
A B At the end B , x=o, F=0.
_ BMD @ end A, X=L, F=+wL
2
wL
2
parabolic

x2
Bending Moment at section x - x =  w (-ve as it is a hogging moment,
2
& BMD is a parabolic as variation is as square of distance)
At x = 0, (at free end), BM = 0
L2
 w Mech Dept, RVCE,
At x = L, (at fixed end), BMDr P=R Venkatesh,
2
Bangalore
Cantilever beam subjected to Couple at a section

Fig shows a cantilever beam

X M
fixed at end A, free end B &
C
A x B
X subjected to a couple M at C
L
Shear force As the beam is
subjected to couple alone,
+ M
there will be no shear force in
A B
C the beam.
BMD

Bending Moment at section x - x =  M (+ve as it is a sagging moment,

& BM is constant from A to C )

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 Problem 1
A cantilever beam carries UDL & Point loads as shown in fig.
Draw the shear force diagram (SFD) & the Bending Moment
diagram (BMD)

15 KN 12 KN/m 20 KN
10 KN

A B
C D
1m 2m 1m

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 15 KN 12 KN/m 20 KN
10 KN

A B
C D
1m 2m 1m

Shear force Diagram : SF at B = +20 KN

Between D &B, SF is a constant = +20 KN
SF at D = + 20 +10 = +30 KN
SF at C = + 20 +10 + (12  2) +15 = +69 KN
(Shear force increases from 30 KN to 54 KN linearly due to udl
between D & C., then increases suddenly due to point load at C)
Between C &A, SF is a constant = +69 KN
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
 15 KN 12 KN/m 20 KN
10 KN

A B
C D
1m 2m 1m

Bending Moment Diagram : BM at B = 0

BM at D = 20  1 = 20 KN  m (-ve as it is a hogging moment)
2
BM at C = ( 20  3)  (10  2)  (12  2)   = 104 KN  m
2
2 
BM at A = ( 20  4)  (10  3)  (12  2)   1   (15  1) = 173 KN  m
2 
(Between B & D, BM varies linearly, Between D & C BM varies parabolically due to udl
between C & A, BM varies linearly)

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 15 KN 12 KN/m 20 KN
10 KN

A B
C D
1m 2m 1m

54 KN Linear
SFD
69 KN 30 KN
+ 20 KN

-
173 KNm 20 KNm Linear
Parabolic BMD
104 KNm

Linear
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
 Problem 2
A cantilever beam carries UDL & Point loads as shown in fig.
Draw the shear force diagram (SFD) & the Bending Moment
diagram (BMD)

20 KN/m 15 KN
20 KNm
B C D E
A F
0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 20 KN/m 15 KN
20 KNm
B C D E
A F
0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m

Shear force Diagram : SF at F = 0, Between F & E, SF = 0

SF at E = +15 KN, Between E & D, SF is constant @ +15 KN
SF at D = +15 KN, Between D & C, SF is constant @ +15 KN
SF at C = +15 KN, Between C & B, SF varies from +15 KN to + 25KN
SF at B = + 25 KN, Between B & A, SF is constant @ + 25 KN
(Between C & B, Shear force increases from 15 KN to 25 KN linearly due to udl)

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 20 KN/m 15 KN
20 KNm
B C D E
A F
0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m

Bending Moment Diagram : BM at F = 0, BM at E  0

BM at D = (15  0.5)  20  27.5 KN  m (-ve as it is a hogging moment)
(Between E & D, BM varies linearly, from 0 to -7.5KNm, and at D, BM increases
suddenly by 20 KNm due to hogging moment of couple)
BM at C = ( 15  1)  20) = 35 KN  m
 0.5 
BM at B = ( 15 1.5)  20  (20  0.5)   = 45 KN  m
 2 
(Between C & B, BM varies parabolically due to udl from - 35 to - 45 KNm)
 0.5 
BM at A = ( 15  2)  20  (20  0.5)  0.5   = 57.5 KN  m
Dr P R Venkatesh,Mech Dept, RVCE,
2 
Bangalore
 20 KN/m 15 KN
20 KNm
B C D E
A F
0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m
+
25 KN Linear

15 KN
25 KN 15 KN SFD
+

- 7.5 KNm
57.5 27.5 KNm
KNm 35 KNm
Parabolic
45 KNm
57.5
KNm Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
 Problem 3
A cantilever beam is subjected to loads as shown in fig. Draw
the shear force diagram (SFD) & the Bending Moment
diagram (BMD)

30 KN 10 KN
20 KN/m 40 KNm
A B D
2m 1m C 2m

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 30 KN 10 KN
20 KN/m 40 KNm
A B D
2m 1m C 2m

Shear force Diagram : SF at D = 0

Between D & C, SF varies linearly from 0 to 40 KNm
SF at C = 40 +10 (Vertical downward load @C ) = 50 KN
Between C & B, SF varies linearly from 50 to 70 KN
SF at B = 70 + 30 (Vertical downward load @ B )  100 KN
Between B & A, SF varies linearly from +100 KN to +140KN

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 30 KN 10 KN
20 KN/m 40 KNm
A B D
2m 1m C 2m

BM Diagram : BM at D = 40 KNm (-ve as it is a hogging moment)

BM at C = 40  (20  2  1)  80 KN  m
(Between D & C, BM varies parabolically, from - 40 to - 80 KNm)
BM at B = 40  (20  3  1.5)  10  1 = 140 KN  m
(Between C & B, BM varies parabolically, from - 80 to - 140 KNm)
BM at A = 40  (20  5  2.5)  (10  3)  (30  2) = 380 KN  m
(Between B & A, BM varies parabolically due to udl from - 140 to - 380 KNm)

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 30 KN 10 KN
20 KN/m 40 KNm
A B D
2m 1m C 2m

140 KN 100 KN

70 KN SF Diagram
50 KN
+
40 KN

- 40 KNm

80 KNm
140 KNm BM Diagram

380 KNm
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
 Bending moment & Shear Force for simply supported beam
1. Simply supported beam with a central point load
Support Reactions :
As the loading is symmetric (at the center),
W 
the support reactions will be equal to  
 2
Shear Force Diagram :
W 
SF at right support    
 2
W  W 
SF at the center      W    
 2  2
W 
SF at left support    
 2
Bending Moment Diagram :
BM at left end = BM at right end  0
BM at mid point (under the point load)
W L  WL 
=     (sagging moment)
2 2  4 

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

9/21/2017
Bangalore
 Support Reactions :  V  0
2. Simply supported beam with
 RA  RB  W
a point load at distances a & b
supports Taking moments about the support A.
Wa
( RB  L)  Wa  0  RB 
L
W  Wa  W ( L  a ) Wb
 RA   W   
C  L  L L
A B Shear Force Diagram :
RA
a b RB
 Wa 
L SF at right support    
 L 
 Wa 
Wb SF at point load     W
L SFD  L 
Wa W ( L  a)  Wb 
L =   
Wab
L  L 
L
 Wb 
BMD SF at left support    
 L 
Bending Moment Diagram :
BM at left end = BM at right end  0
BM under the point load  RB  b (or RA  a)
 Wa   Wab 
= RVCE,  b
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept,    (sagging moment)
9/21/2017
Bangalore  L   L 
 Support Reactions :
3. Simply supported beam with
As the loading is symmetric,the support
uniformly distributed load w/m
 wL 
reactions will be equal to  
w /m
 2 
Shear Force Diagram :
 wL 
SF at right support    
L  2 
SF at a section x-x from right support
wL /2 SFD  wL 
    wx (linear variation)
 2 
2 wL /2
 wL  L
wL/8 SF at the center      w  0
 2  2
 wL 
SF at left support    
BMD  2 
Bending Moment Diagram :
BM at left end = BM at right end  0
BM at a section x-x from right support
 wL 
2
x
 xw (parabolic variation)
 2  2
 L
BM at mid point  put x  
 2
 wL2   wL2  wL2
=
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,  = + (sagging moment)
9/21/2017
Bangalore  4   8  8
 Support Reactions :
4. Simply supported beam with equal
loads at equal distances from supports As the loading is symmetric,the support
reactions will be equal to W
Shear Force Diagram :
SF at right support  W
SF under pont load from right support
 W  W  0
SF between point loads  0
SF at left support  W
Bending Moment Diagram :
BM at left end = BM at right end  0
BM under right point load
 Wa (Sagging moment)
BM under left point load
 Wa (Sagging moment)
Note : The portion of the beam between
the two point loads is subjected to only
bending moment & no shear force.
It is known as pure bending.
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
9/21/2017
Bangalore
 Problem 4
Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for a
simply supported beam subjected to the loads as shown in
fig. Also find the location of point of contraflexure.

70 KN 40 KN 10 KN/m

A B 150 KNm C D
100 KNm 2m 3m 3m

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 70 KN 40 KN 10 KN/m

A B 150 KNm C D
100 KNm 2m 3m 3m

Support Reactions :
V  0 gives R B  RD  70  40  (10  6)  0  RB  RD  170 KN
Taking bending moments about the right extreme support (about D)
M D  0  (RB  6)  (10  6  3)  (40  3)  150  (70  8)  100  0
 RB  101.67 KN , RD  68.33 KN

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 70 KN 40 KN 10 KN/m

A B 150 KNm C D
100 KNm 2m 3m 3m

31.7 KN
1.7 KN
+

SFD _ _

70 KN 68.33 KN

Shear Force Diagram :

At D, SF  68.33 KN , Between D & C, SF varies linearly due to UDL
from  68.33 to  38.33 KN.
At C, due to downward point load, SF  38.33  40  1.67 KN
Between C & B, SF varies linearly due to UDL from 1.67 to 31.67 KN.
Due to vertical reaction, SF at B  31.67 KN  101.67  70 KN
Between B & A, SF remains
Dr Pconstant  RVCE,
atDept,
R Venkatesh, Mech 70 KN . At A, SF =  70 KN
Bangalore
 70 KN 40 KN 10 KN/m

A B 150 KNm C D
100 KNm 2m 3m 3m

70 KN 160.1 KN-m
68.3 KN
100 KN-m

10.1 KN-m +
+
BMD
_

40 KN-m

Bending Moment Diagram :

BM at D  0
BM at C  (68.33  3)  (10  3 1.5)  150  10 KN  m
BM at B (considering left side) =  (70  2)  100  40 KN  m
BM at A  100 KN  m
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
 70 KN 40 KN 10 KN/m
Point of contraflexure :
A B 150 KNm C D From the bending moment diagram,
100 KNm 2m 3m 3m
the BM is zero between points B & C.
31.7 KN
1.7 KN Let x be the distance of the point of
+

SFD _ _ contraflexure from support B.

x2
70 KN 160.1 KN-m
68.3 KN
 100 -70(x + 2)+101.67x - 10  = 0
100 KN-m
2
10.1 KN-m +
or 5 x 2  31.67 x  40  0  x  1.74 m
+
BMD Hence the point of inflexion is at a
_

40 KN-m
distance of (2 + 1.74) = 3.74 m from A
3.74 m

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 Problem 6
Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for a
simply supported beam subjected to the loads as shown in
fig. Also find the location of point of contraflexure.

60 KN 100 KN

300 KN-m
A B C D
2m 3m 2m

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
Support Reactions : M A  0  RD  7  (60  2)  (100  5)  300
 RD  131.4 KN , Also (RA  RD )  (60  100),  RA  28.6 KN
Shear Force Diagram : SF at A=28.6KN,
SF b/n B & C  28.6  60  31.4 KN
SF b/n C & D  31.4  100  131.4 KN
60 KN 100 KN

300 KN-m
A B C D
2m 3m 2m
28.6 KN
+

31.4 KN -
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

131.4 KN

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
Bending Moment Diagram : BM at A  BM at D  0
BM at C (on portion BC)= (28.6  5)  (60  3)  37 KN  m
BM C (on portion CD)=  37+300=263 KN-m
Point of contraflexure : BM at a section at X - X from left support
M xx  28.6 x  60( x  2), Equating to zero, x = 3.82 m (from left support A)

60 KN 100 KN

300 KN-m
A B C D
2m 3m 2m
28.6 KN
+

31.4 KN -
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

131.4 KN

57.2 KN-m 263 KN-m

+ +

3.82 m -

37 KN-m
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
Bangalore
 Problem 7
Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for a
simply supported beam subjected to the loads as shown in
fig. Also find the location of point of contraflexure.

10 KN

3 KN/m

A
B C D E
2m 1m 1m 2m 2m

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 10 KN

3 KN/m

A
B C D E
2m 1m 1m 2m 2m

The offset load of 10 KN =  Direct load of 10 KN + Couple of (10 × 1) = 10 KNm  at B

10 KN
3 KN/m
10 KNm
A
B C D E
2m 1m 1m 2m 2m

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
Support Reactions : (RA  RD )  (10  3  4)  17 KN
M A  0  RB  6  (10  2)  (3  4)  5   10, RD  17 KN & RA  5 KN
Shear Force Diagram : SF at A = 5 KN, SF at B = SF at C = (5 - 10)= 5 KN
SF at D = -5 - (3  2)+17 = 6 KN, SF at E = 0
10 KN
3 KN/m
10 KNm
A
B C D E
2m 1m 1m 2m 2m

6 KN
5 KN 5 KN
+ + SFD

5 KN 5 KN _

11 KN

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
Bending Moment Diagram : BM at A  BM at E  0
BM at B = (5  2)  10  20 KN  m, BM at C =(5  4)+20  (10  2)  20 KN - m
BM at D =  (3  2) 1  6 KN  m
Point of contraflexure : (occurs b / n C & D).BM at X - X from right end
x2
M xx  17( x  2)  3 , Equating to zero, x = 2.5934 m (from right end)
2
10 KN
3 KN/m
10 KNm
A
B C D E
2m 1m 1m 2m 2m

6 KN
5 KN 5 KN
+ + SFD
5 KN 5 KN _

20 KNm 11 KN

10 KNm 10 KNm x=2.5935 m

+
BMD
_
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
6 KNm
Bangalore
The shear force diagram for a beam, simply supported at
its ends is shown in fig. Determine the forces acting on
the beam and draw the bending moment diagram. Also
find the maximum bending moment and its location.

56.7 KN

36.7 KN
+

-
23.3 KN

43.3KN
A B C D 53.3 KN
E
2m 4m 2m 1m

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 56.7 KN
20 KN 20 KN 10 KN
36.7 KN 15 KN/m
+
A B C D E

- 2m 1m
23.3 KN
2m 4m
RA RE
43.3KN
A B C D 53.3 KN
E
2m 4m 2m 1m

From the given SFD, The reactions at supports are R A  56.7 KN & R E  53.3 KN
SF between A & B is constant. At B, there is a downward point load of  56.7  36.7   20 KN
36.7   23.3 
Also the rate of UDL between B & C must be   15 KN / m
4
At C, there is a downward point load of  43.3  23.3  20 KN
SF between C & D is constant. At D there is a downward point load of  53.3  43.3  10 KN
SF between D & E is constant & equal to 53.3 KN
Hence the loading diagram is as shown in fig.
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
Bending Moment Diagram: BM at B  113.4 KN  m, @ C  140 KN  m, @ D  53.3 KN  m
Max BM occurs at a point where SF changes its sign, i.e between B & C
Let the SF is zero at a distance x from left support (A)
SF at A  56.7  20  15( x  2)  0  x  4.45 m from A
 2.45 
 Max BM  (56.7  4.45)  (20  2.45)  15  2.45    158.3 KN - m
 2 

20 KN 20 KN 10 KN
15 KN/m
A B C D E

2m 4m 2m 1m
RA RE
158.3 KN-m Parabolic
140 KN-m
113.4 KN-m Linear
Linear 53.3 KN-m
+

BM Diagram
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore
Draw the shear force & bending moment diagrams for
the beam loaded as shown in fig and locate the point/s
of contraflexure.

8.5 m 5.5 m
30 KN/m 100 KN

C A D B E
11 m 4m

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
Support Reactions : M A 0
 RB  11  (100 15)  (30  5.5  2.75)  (30  3 1.5)  0
 RB  165.34 KN , Also (RA  RB )  (30  8.5)  100  355  RA  189.66 KN
Shear Force Diagram :
SF at C  0, Between C & A, SF varies from 0 to 90 KN due to UDL
At A, there is upward support reaction.  SF at A  189.66  (30  3)  99.66 KN
SF b/n A & D varies linearly due to UDL
SF at D  99.66  (30  5.5)  65.34 KN
SF between D & B is constant, at B there is upward support reaction
SF at B  65.34  165.34  100 KN  SF at E
8.5 m 5.5 m

30 KN/m 100 KN

C A D B E
11 m 4m

x 100 KN
99.66 KN
+
+
- - SF Diagram

Dr P R Venkatesh,
90 KNMech Dept,KN
65.34 RVCE,
Bangalore
Bending Moment Diagram : BM at C  BM at E  0
BM at A =  (30  3 1.5)  135 KN  m, BM b/n A & D varies parabolically
 At point F, the SF is zero  30x  189.66  0  x  6.322m 
 
 BM at F   (30  6.322  3.161)+189.66(6.322  3)   30.535 KN - m 
BM at D =  (30  8.5  4.25)+(189.66  5.5)  (10  2)  40.62 KN - m
BM at B =  (100  4)  400 KN  m
Point of contraflexure : (occurs twice b / n A & D).
y2
BM at distance y from left end M  30  189.66( y  3)  0,
2
 y = 7.75 m (point H) and y = 4.895 m (point G)

Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,

Bangalore
 8.5 m 5.5 m

30 KN/m 100 KN

C A D B E
11 m 4m

x 100 KN
99.66 KN
+
+
- - SF Diagram
F

90 KN 65.34 KN

Parabolic
30.535 KNm
+
- G H BM Diagram
-
Parabolic 135 KNm
400 KNm
y z
z
Dr P R Venkatesh, Mech Dept, RVCE,
Bangalore