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Mobile Applications for Recording Road Traffic Noise

Conference Paper (PDF Available) · October 2018 with 11 Reads

DOI: 10.20544/AIIT2018.P20
Conference: International conference on Applied Internet and Information Technologies
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Vladimir Brtka
Gordana Jotanovic
10.99 · University of Novi Sad

Mirko Stojčić
Zoran Curguz +1
2.27 · University of East Sarajevo

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International Conference on Applied Internet and DOI:10.20544/AIIT2018.P20

Information Technologies, 2018

Mobile Applications for Recording Road Traffic

Noise

Gordana Jotanovic*, Vladimir Brtka**, Zoran Curguz*, Mirko Stojcic*, Milan Eremija*
* Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Doboj, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
** Technical Faculty "Mihajlo Pupin", Zrenjanin, Republic of Serbia

brtkav@gmail.com, gjotanovic@yahoo.com

Abstract - We are witnessing numerous discussions that are noise on human health became more and more available,
conducted in order to define the optimal routes of there was a need for a higher level of protection for EU
significant transport corridors in Bosnia and Herzegovina, citizens.
especially in the segment where the issues of their location
are discussed in the vicinity of large city cores, hospitals and A. Noise and environment
cultural monuments. There are various software solutions Noise appears as a significant problem in the human
for measuring noise near traffic routes using mobile devices. environment in most urban areas. Still, this problem is still
The aim of the study is to measure the noise level on the not considered important, and therefore it is not paid
main road near the hospital complex of the city of Doboj enough attention despite the fact that it significantly
based on the noise measurements performed by the mobile affects the quality of life of the vulnerable population. The
application, and analyze the relationship between the level
reason for this approach can be sought in the definition of
of traffic noise and the traffic flow frequency.
noise and its perception as a subjective experience of
Key words – Road traffic noise, traffic flow frequency, certain external events, its specific character, and the
Sound Meter (SM). difficulty in linking causes to effects on human health [3].
Every sound phenomenon (noise, magnification, speech,
I. INTRODUCTION etc.) that hinders work or rest is noise. In order for some
sound to be called a noise, it must be strong enough, that
Environmental noise pollution refers to sound levels in we can distinguish it from other sounds and hear it well.
human environments that are higher than acceptable levels When it comes to endangering the living and working
caused by traffic, construction, industrial, and individual environment, it is certain that, in addition to various types
recreational activities. Noise can have serious direct or of harmfulness, the noise is most often mentioned.
indirect consequences on human health, such as hearing
loss or sleep disturbance. Noise, like unwanted sound, B. Road traffic noise
causes various interruptions during work and rest, Noise in the environment is defined as the sound
impedes voice communication and affects the general and created by all sources that occur in the human
working behavior of a person, and at strong levels can environment. One of these sources of sound can be traffic,
have pathological effects. Noise can endanger human and this kind of noise is called traffic noise. We
health, leading to disturbance sleep and rest, increased distinguish several types of traffic noise according to the
fatigue and decreased ability to work, and not rarely types of roads:
damage to the organism [1]. Over time, it can lead to an
increase in blood pressure and to mental disorders. The  traffic noise on motorways,
effects of noise can activate the premature development of
 urban roads,
the disease, and in extreme cases even death. Exposure to
noise during the night can be significantly different from  roads and
the effects during the day.
 roads for special purposes.
II. TYPES OF NOISE AND APPLICATIONS FOR NOISE
The latest problem is traffic noise on urban roads
MEASUREMENT
because such roads pass through urban settlements, near
Activities carried out across Europe in order to reduce hospitals, schools and monuments of culture. The
noise in the environment have a different priority European Union, by the directive of 2002, defined the
compared to environmental issues such as air and water term "environmental noise" and refers to unwanted and
pollution, often because such issues were considered to be harmful external influences generated by human activity,
best addressed at national or local level. Republic of including the noise generated by transport (road, rail and
Srpska regulated noise protection measures with the air) and the exposure of the population to noise in cities
"Environmental Protection Act" [2]. In the initial stages, [4].
EU noise regulation was based on internal market goals
and in most cases focused on harmonizing allowed noise High traffic noise values in such environments may
values created by certain devices (motor vehicles, home have a bad impact on people's lives [5]. Traffic noise is a
appliances, etc.). As time information on the impact of major environmental and health problem in modern cities.

The European Environment Agency published a report  indicates decibel,

according to which about 125 million people were
affected by road traffic noise levels above 55 dB daily,  display the current noise,
causing 10,000 cases of premature death, nervousness and  display average decibel values,
anxiety in almost 20 million adult inhabitants, and 8
million a year had a disorder sleeping. Over 900,000 cases  display decibel by graph,
of hypertension and 43,000 hospitalized per year have
 calibrate for each device.
been reported [6].
Different applications for measuring environmental
There are numerous projects in Europe dealing with
noise made by the redeemed or different operating
noise reduction in urban areas. One of them is SYLVIE
(SYstematisch Lärmsanierung von innerstädtischen systems. They can be installed on Android, ISO, Linux
and Windows operating systems. The most popular
WohnVIErteln) [7].
mobile applications for measuring environmental noise
By rapidly increasing the traffic flow frequency, traffic are:
noise is becoming more and more intense. Previously,
under the noise of the vehicle, only the noise of the  Sound Meter.
engine, of its exhaust system. Today, it is known that there  Decibel Meter.
are other noise sources of vehicles that are no less
important than the noise of the engine, which are:  Sound Meter & Noise Detector.
 transmission,  Decibel X.
 tire noise due to rolling and Sound Meter

 noise of parts of the superstructure, which comes Sound meter is mobile application (app) which shows
under the influence of resonances. a decibel values by measure the environmental noise.
Microphones in most Android mobile devices are
Road vehicles produce two basic and independent designed to measure environmental noise. Microphone
noise sources and come from the drive system and tire detects and displays in decibels (dB) as max, average and
contact with the road surface. On the drive system, noise min sound level. The maximum values are limited by the
is mainly generated by engine operation, in suction, device. The mobile application Sound Meter has the
blowing and cooling. For trucks and buses, the noise is ability to recognize the type of noise based on measured
stronger due to the stronger propulsion system and the noise in (dB), Figure 2. In a study to measure road traffic
characteristic adhesion of the vehicles on the road, noise used mobile application Sound Meter because it is
therefore, their percentage distribution in the traffic flow free, allows calibrate for each device and "friendly" for
is of great importance. In passenger and freight vehicles, use.
the sound pressure level largely depends on the engine
operation, the speed of the rpm, and they are different for Decibel Meter
different speeds [8]. Road traffic noise (cars, buses, trucks Decibel Meter mobile app uses the built-in
and motorcycles) is the most common source of noise in microphone to determine the level of sound it detects, and
cities and is the primary cause of interfering with human displays this in decibels (dB) as max, average and min
activities. Long-term exposure to high noise levels has far- sound pressure level. With this app, the level of noise
reaching negative impacts on human well-being and from the environment can be easily measured. All
health, with measurable economic consequences: microphone audio data are used to calculate (dB) reading
treatment costs, decline in work activity and productivity, to the user.
increased mortality, a decline in the market value of
buildings in excessive noise zones [9]. Sound Meter & Noise Detector
When considering traffic noise, the analysis of the Sound Meter is also known as sound level meter,
noise characteristics of isolated vehicles, passenger decibel meter (dB), noise meter, sound pressure level
vehicles, motorcycles and heavy vehicles should first meter (SPL meter). This app will use the phone
begin, and then analyze the traffic noise, especially in the microphone to measure environmental noise decibels (dB)
urban environment, where there are interrupted and and show a value for reference. The biggest advantage is
uninterrupted traffic flows. the ease of use.
In order to better understand the effects of traffic noise Decibel X
on man, considerations of the basic sources of traffic noise "Decibel X" or Professional dBA Noise Meter is one
are necessary. Noise sources are present in both road and of the few sound meter mobile apps that has highly
rail and air traffic [10]. reliable, pre-calibrated measurements and supports
C. Mobile applications for frequency weightings: ITU-R 468, A and C. It converts
environmental noise measurement the mobile into a professional noise meter, precisely
measures the sound pressure level (SPL).
There are different applications for mobile devices that
measure environmental noise in decibels (dB). Mobile
applications for noise measurement substantially similar
in architecture and can:

III. MATERIAL AND METHODS

This paper presents the results of the study of
the level of traffic noise and the traffic flow frequency in
the area of Doboj. The research is based on the
collection, statistical processing and recording of the
value of road traffic noise (Lsm) expressed in (dB)
and traffic flow frequency (N) expressed in (vph). The
aim of the research is to determine the existence
of a mathematical dependence between the stated
quantities.
A. Location of measuring
In the focus of observation is the location marked
with the number (1-red) in Figure 1. The location marked
with (1-red) represents the intersection crossroads from
the direction of Doboj and M17 road from the direction
of Modrica. The location (1-red) was selected due to the
traffic peak in the morning and the end of the working
day. For this reason, police often regulate traffic at the
Figure 2. Mobile App Sound Meter for measuring traffic noise.
location of the designated site. The measuring point is
located 4 m from the road, in the middle of the marked
Seven measurements were made, and each metric
island and at a height of 1.5 m [11]. It should be pointed
implies morning, afternoon and night time. Each term
out that the location of the measurements is located in a
consists of three fifteen-minute intervals within an hour,
20 m radius from the city settlement "Old Town" (2-
and these are:
yellow) and 200 m from the hospital "Holy Apostle
Luka" (3- yellow).  Morning intensity (traffic peak) between 6:30
a.m. and 7:30 a.m.
 Afternoon intensity (traffic peak) between 2:30
p.m. and 3:30 p.m.
 Night intensity (traffic peak) between 10:30 p.m.
and 11:30 p.m.
The measurements were performed in approximately
equal conditions with respect to climatic data. The
following climatic data were recorded:

 the weather,
 the air temperature,
 the velocity and direction of wind,
Figure 1. Location of measurements in relation to housing settlement
and hospital. Measurement location (1-red), housing estate "Stari grad"  the atmospheric (barometric) pressure.
(2-yellow) and hospital (3-yellow).
Climate data is also collected and stored using a
B. Measuring of traffic noise smartphone.
Measuring the value of road traffic noise (Lsm) was IV. RESULTS AND DISSCUSION
done in June 2018 by a smart phone using the Sound
Meter application that is intended for the Android Correlation between the average values of road traffic
platform. The Lsm variable represents the noise level noise (measured using the Sound Meter application) or
recorded by the Sound Meter app (Figure 2). Lsm in (dB) and the average traffic flow frequency N u
(vph) is shown in Table 1.

TABLE I. THE CORRELATION MATRIX OF (LSM) AND (N).

N is a causal variable and L is a consequential variable.
Time Morning Afternoon Night Determination coefficient shows what percentage of the
variability of the dependent (consequential) variable
Measur Lsm N Lsm N Lsm N explained by variability of the independent (causal)
ement (dB) (vph) (dB) (vph) (dB) (vph) variable. The quadratic function has a coefficient of
1 62 190 61 160 53 51 determination of 87.9% which is smaller in relation to the
function represented by the equation (1). The value of the
2 58 161 61 236 51 48 determination coefficient for a linear function has a value
3 60 192 60 207 51 52 of 81.5%.
4 63 306 65 320 56 99 V. CONCLUSION
5 60 283 62 300 54 90
Road traffic noise greatly affects the quality of life of
6 62 216 61 220 56 99 people who for a long time or temporarily stay in the
vicinity of roads. Traffic flow affects the road traffic noise
7 65 247 62 238 57 78
that has been proven in this paper. It is important that the
traffic noise is rapidly and accurately recorded due to the
The results of the average values of road traffic noise speed of traffic flow frequency. Mobile devices allow
and average traffic flow frequency at intervals of fifteen recording the level of traffic noise and traffic flow. Mobile
minutes in the morning, noon and evening are shown in applications for recording traffic noise represent a fast and
Figure 3. efficient way of recording noise with the aim of alarming
at not allowed noise values. In this case, competent
authorities can react quickly to alleviate the disadvantage
of the state for the quality of people's lives. In case of
noise alarm based on the traffic flow frequency, it is
possible to seek quick and efficient solutions in the form
of air barriers, noise reduction at source, reduction of
noise distribution, protection against noise in the place of
emission, and altering the route of the roads. Mobile noise
measurement applications take precedence over classical
noise meters because they are adaptable to a variety of
portable devices (smart phones, tablets, notebooks, etc.)
Figure 3. Road traffic noise Lsm and traffic flow frecuency N values
in day time. and different operating systems (Android, ISO, Windows,
etc.). The applications are cheap, reliable and portable,
By the method of mathematical regression, a form of which in certain noise measurement situations is
function describing the dependence of the average value necessary.
of road traffic noise Lsm from traffic flow frequency N
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Citations (0) References (5)

Tehnička dijagnostika u mašinstvu

Jan 1991

Ž Ž Adamović

Adamović, Ž. Ž. (1991). Tehnička dijagnostika u mašinstvu. Naučna knjiga.

Službeni glasnik Republike Srpske

Jan 2007

Zakon O Zaštiti Životne Sredine

Zakon o zaštiti životne sredine (2007),"Službeni glasnik Republike Srpske", br. 53/02 i 109/05, član 20.

relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise -Declaration by the Commission in the
Conciliation Committee on the Directive relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise

Jun 2002 · 12-25

Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and
management of environmental noise -Declaration by the Commission in the Conciliation Committee on the Directive
relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. Offi cial Journal L 189, 18.7.2002, p. 12-25.

Influence of the intensity and composition of traffic flow on the equivalent noise level

Jan 2003 · 35-40

M Kapusta

Kapusta, M. (2003). Influence of the intensity and composition of traffic flow on the equivalent noise level. Slovak Journal
of Civil Engineering, 2, 35-40.

Jan 2018 · 15

J Božić · P Ilić · L S Bjelić

Božić, J., Ilić, P., & Bjelić, L. S. (2018). ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE CITY TRAFFIC NOISE: CASE
STUDY//EKONOMSKI ASPEKTI BUKE OD GRADSKOG SAOBRAĆAJA: STUDIJA SLUČAJA. EMC REVIEW-ČASOPIS
ZA EKONOMIJU, 15(1).

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