Plant

reproduction
Biology 02
Lecture 7
Types of reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
 5
1
6
2 7

9
3

4 10
 petals Flower Parts
• Sepals
• outer ring of leaves
• protection
• Petals
• inner ring of leaves
• brightly colored to
attract pollinators
• Perianth
sepals • sepal and petal
• Reproductive organs
found inside
 anther

filament

stamen
Male: Stamen
•Anther: produces pollen
• Filament: holds anther
Sexual Reproduction
Female: Carpel/Pistil
Ovary: within the base
Contains ovule/s (contains egg) -Becomes
fruit when fertilized
• Stigma: collects pollen
• Style: passage way for pollen tube
Life Cycle
karyokinesis
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
 Functions
• 3 antipodal cells – nourishment of embryo sac;
eventually die
• 2 Polar nuclei- fertilized by sperm to become
triploid nucleus (becomes endosperm)
• 2 synergids – attract/guide the pollen tube
• 1 egg – fertilized by sperm to form zygote
Self-Pollination
(own pollen fertilizes own egg)

...
Cross-Pollination
(pollen of one, fertilizes egg of another)

. ..
 Angiosperm Life Cycle
1) Pollen sticks to animal or released into wind

2) Insect flies away covered in

pollen

. ......
......... ......
Angiosperm Life Cycle
1) Pollen sticks to animal or
released into wind

2) Insect flies away covered in

pollen

3) Insect comes across another

flower and spreads the pollen

. ..
.. .. .. .
. .
 Angiosperm Life Cycle
1) Pollen sticks to animal or
released into wind

2) Insect flies away covered in

pollen

3) Insect comes across another .

flower and spreads the pollen

4) Pollen tube grows towards

ovary
 Angiosperm Life Cycle
1) Pollen sticks to animal or
released into wind

2) Insect flies away covered in

pollen

3) Insect comes across .

another flower and spreads
the pollen

4) Pollen tube grows towards

ovary

5) Nucleus travels down pollen

tube to fertilize egg
Angiosperm Life Cycle
1) Pollen sticks to animal or
released into wind

2) Insect flies away covered in

pollen

3) Insect comes across another

ovary .
flower and spreads the pollen seed

4) Pollen tube grows towards .

ovary

5) Nucleus travels down pollen

tube to fertilize egg

6) Zygote hardens into

seed…flower starts to die
Angiosperm Life Cycle
1) Pollen sticks to animal or
released into wind

2) Insect flies away covered in

pollen
ovary
3) Insect comes across another
flower and spreads the pollen

4) Pollen tube grows towards

ovary

5) Nucleus travels down pollen

tube to fertilize egg

6) Zygote hardens into

seed…flower starts to die

7) Ovary grows into a fruit (seeds

insides)
Angiosperm Life Cycle
1) Pollen sticks to animal or
released into wind

2) Insect flies away covered in

pollen

3) Insect comes across another

flower and spreads the pollen

4) Pollen tube grows towards

ovary

5) Nucleus travels down pollen

tube to fertilize egg

6) Zygote hardens into

seed…flower starts to die

7) Ovary grows into a fruit (seeds

insides)
Angiosperm Life Cycle
1) Pollen sticks to animal or
released into wind

2) Insect flies away covered in

pollen

3) Insect comes across another

flower and spreads the pollen

4) Pollen tube grows towards

ovary

5) Nucleus travels down pollen

tube to fertilize egg

6) Zygote hardens into

seed…flower starts to die

7) Ovary grows into a fruit (seeds

insides)
A few hours later…

seed
Coevolution – 2 species influence each other’s
evolution
Complete flower
• Complete floral parts
• sepals, petals, stamen and pistil

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Incomplete flower
- any floral parts are missing

Carica papaya
Spadix – w/ stamen and pistil
but no perianth
Regular flower
(actinomorphic)
- petal is of similar shape
equidistant from each other

Irregular flower
(zygomorphic)
– sizes of petals are different
Perfect flower (bisexual)
- both stamen and pistil are present

Lilium canadense

Imperfect flower (unisexual)

- lack either stamen or pistil

Cucurbita maxima

Staminate flower Pistillate flower

Basic Parts of a Seed
Basic Parts of a Seed
Monocot seed
plumule

radicle

Plumule – becomes first

leaf
Radicle – becomes first
root
Micropyle – s p e r m e n t r a n c e
Hilum –point ofattachment (ovule to
ovary wall)
Raphe-seamlike line/ ridge
 Kinds of fruits
(based on its development)

1. Simple – 1 ovary of a single flower

2. Aggregate – multiple separate ovaries of a
single flower
3. Multiple – multiple fused ovaries of a
single flower
Fruit – angiosperms ONLY

Note: After fertilization …

 Ovary- becomes fruit

 Ovule - becomes seed
 Flower dies
 In botany …
Vegetable – all non-flowering parts of a plant
Fruits – seed bearing structure

Solanum melongena Fragaria ananassa

Fruit Types: Aggregate fruit
Fruit Types: Aggregate fruit
Fruit Types: Multiple fruit
Multiple fruits develop from several
flowers where the carpels stay
together to resemble a single fruit.
Sorosis – a multiple fruit in w/c the unit
fruits are fleshy berries and are later on
fused along a central axis
- group of flowers on a stalk