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Define surveying

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OBJECTIVES
Identify the jobs of a surveyor

INTRODUCTION TO Gain knowledge on the history of surveying

SURVEYING
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Enumerate the surveying operations/types, their uses and
recent technologies

Be familiar with important surveying terms

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Presentation prepared and edited by: Engr. A.M. Perez &
Engr. K.A. Vergara of UP DGE 2

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OUTLINE The science concerned with
GEOMATICS

the measurement, representation,

Geomatics analysis, management, retrieval and
Surveying Definitions display of SPATIAL INFORMATION
The Surveyor describing both the Earth's
History of Surveying physical features and the
Survey uses, types, recent technologies built-in environment
Source: Dept. of Surveying and Spatial Information Science, Univ. of Tasmania

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traditional
SURVEYING

The art of making measurements of the

REMOTE SENSING &
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEMS
relative positions of natural and man-
made features on the earth's surface, and
GEODESY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION the presentation
SYSTEMS
of this information either
DISCIPLINES
graphically or numerically
OF Source: NJDOT Survey Manual, p.3

SURVEYING
CARTOGRAPHY
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modern A professional person with the

SURVEYING

academic qualifications and

The art and science of determining
technical expertise to:
angular and linear measurements to
establish the form, extent, and relative position of 3. Use that information for the purpose of
1. Practice the science of planning and implementing the efficient
points, lines, and areas on or measurement; administration of the land, the sea and
structures thereon.
near the surface of the earth or on other 2. Assemble and assess geographic
4. Instigate the advancement and
related information;
extraterrestrial bodies through applied mathematics development of such practices

and the use of specialized equipment and --International Federation of Surveyors

techniques.
J.P. La Putt (1987) SURVEYOR
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Egypt (2780 BC)

▪ Over a 10 to 20-year period concluding
around 2560 BC
▪ Base is nearly perfect square
▪ Side of the pyramid align with the
true meridian
▪ Harpedonapata: Ancient Egyptian
Surveyors

SURVEYING HISTORY
Babylon (4000 BC)
Tax maps and Land ownership
▪ Clay tablets contain records of lands (measurements of lands,
THROUGHOUT signature of the surveyor)
▪ The face of the tablet is divided into five fields, each referring to a
single parcel of agricultural land
▪ Inside each field are symbols giving surface measurements of the
parcels
9 ▪ Sexagesimal system is in use (degree, minutes, second) 10

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Eratosthenes (276 BC-194 BC) Developments: 1400-1700

• telescope design and construction
Syene/Cyrene: Well with no shadow • measurement of magnetic declination
Alexandria: Tower with shadow of 7°12‘ • measurement of time
Distance of 5000 stadia • standardization of units of measurement
(950 km; 1 stadion: 157.5 m; 700 stadia/deg) • determination of longitude
Circumference: 39,690 km (less than 1% error) • surveying instruments and reference books written on surveying methods

School of Surveying (150 BC)

School of surveying was established by Romans to teach:

“What can be mapped
▪ town planning
▪ map making and could be ruled”
▪ building of roads and aqueducts
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USES OF SURVEYS
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1. Establishment of boundaries of land
2. Fixing of national and state boundaries
3. Charting of coastlines and navigable streams and lakes
1900 4. Precise location of definite reference points throughout the
country
The military requirements of World Wars I & II provided 5. Collection of valuable facts concerning the earth’s magnetism at
the motivation for vast improvements in the design of widely scattered stations throughout the country
surveying equipment and execution of surveying
operations.
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RELEVANCE TO ARCHITECTURE
-------------------------- RELEVANCE TO ARCHITECTURE
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• Design of buildings with consideration for Important programmatic considerations such as:
the existing context, including the • building and zoning codes
topography of the site.
• requirements for easements, right-of-way, drainage, utilities
• Locate design features on site with • access to public transportation
precision. • landscape requirements
• The survey is the base on which the • handicap accessibility
architects work in shaping buildings and • other constraints
the terrain together.
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CLASSIFICATIONS
OF C O N T RO L MI N E
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S U RVE Y S U RVE Y

TYPES PRO PE RT Y
S U RVE Y
RO U T E
S U RVE Y

OF
SURVEYS TO P O G R A P H I C
SURVEY
CONSTRUCTION
SURVEY
PLANE SURVEYING GEODETIC SURVEYING
the mean surface of the earth is takes into account the true
considered as a plane, or in which shape of the earth
HYDROGRAPHIC P H OTO G R A M M E T R I C
its spheroidal shape is neglected SURVEY SURVEY
Davis, R.E., et. al. (1981)
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performed to determine the length and direction of lot

PRO PE RT Y
S U RVE Y
lines and to establish the position of these lines on the
ground
consists of
establishment of
the horizontal
and vertical
positions of
arbitrary points

C O N T RO L
S U RVE Y
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TO P O G R A P H I C
SURVEY

HYDROGRAPHIC
made to secure data SURVEY
from which may be
made a topographic
map indicating the
configuration of the refers to surveys of bodies of
terrain and the water for the purposes of
location of natural
and human-made navigation, water supply, or
objects subaqueous construction.
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utilizes the RO U T E
principles for land, S U RVE Y
geologic and
topographic refers to those
surveying to control, topographic
control, locate and and construction
map underground surveys necessary for
the location and
and surface works
construction of lines
related to mining of transportation or
operations. communication, such
as highways,
railroads, canals,
transmission lines
MIN E and pipelines.
S U RVE Y
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utilizes the principle of aerial and terrestrial

photogrammetry, in which measurements
made on photographs are used to determine
the positions of photographed objects
P H OTO G R A M M E T R I C
SURVEY
CONSTRUCTION
SURVEY

performed to lay
out, locate and
monitor public
and private
engineering
works.

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RELEVANT SURVEYS TO ARKI

-------------------------- RECENT TECHNOLOGIES
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PROPERTY/BOUNDARY
TOPOGRAPHIC

CONSTRUCTION/AS-BUILT

ROUTE/UTILITY
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC
OTHERS: GEOTECHNICAL 27
TOTAL STATION SYSTEM SATELLITE SYSTEMS 28

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RECENT TECHNOLOGIES
---------------------- RECENT TECHNOLOGIES
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LiDAR 3D MAPPING USING

GEOGRAPHIC AND LAND
REMOTE SENSING 29 DRONE SURVEYS 30
INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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---------------------- SOURCES ---------------------- SOURCES

• Becker, B.J. Eratosthenes of Cyrene. http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Eratosthenes.htm • International Federation of Surveyors.
• ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu/ people/ptolemy.htm • http://www.surveyor.asn.au/for-the-public/international-definition-of-surveyor.php

• Buckner (1994). http://surveying.mentabolism.org/buckner.html. Last Accessed 16June08 • La Putt, J.P. (2007). Elementary Surveying. Philippines: National Book Store.

• Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies, University of Arkansas. • ManSurveying.gif. From http://everythingaboutsurveying.blogspot.com/2008/05/geodetic-
http://www.cast.uark.edu/home/research/geomatics.html instrumentation-methods.html

• Davis, R.E., et. al (1981). Surveying: Theory and Practice. USA: McGraw-Hill, Inc. • New Jersey Department of Transportation. Survey Manual. Downloaded from
http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/eng/documents/survey/
• Federation of American Scientists. Html link lost

• Great Pyramid of Khufu. http://vncafe.blogspot.com/2008/03/great-pyramid-of-giza.html • http://surveying.mentabolism.org/geomatic.htm. From the Dept. of Surveying and Spatial Information
Science, Univ. of Tasmania. Link (broken): http://info.utas.edu.au/docs/geomatics/geomatics_exp.html
• History of Geomatics. http://www.sli.unimelb.edu.au/planesurvey/prot/topic/topo02-01.html
• www.mitrecaasd.org/ proj/satnav/ 31 32

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BRING A 3x5 INDEX CARD NEXT MEETING WITH THE

FOLLOWING CONTENTS:

END OF LECTURE
QUESTIONS?

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