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12Chapter Thermodynamics
Section-A
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (3)
2. Answer (3)
Area under the cyclic curve is
= 2 P0 × 3 V 0
= 6P0V0
3. Answer (3)
4. Answer (2)
5. Answer (1)
From first law of thermodynamics,
Q U W
As U W 0
that means Q 0
Q is constant.
6. Answer (1)
7. Answer (3)
As T 0 , for isothermal process
For ideal gas U 0
8. Answer (4)
9. Answer (2)
In case of no work done
W=0
so V = 0
This implies V is constant.
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
Q U W
U Q W
As internal energy is not a path function so we may say that ( Q W ) is independent of path.
= 1680 J
= 1.68 kJ
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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
Q.No. Solution
P Isobaric
Isothermal
Adiabatic
V1 V2 V
It is clear from the graph that area enclosed during isobaric curve is maximum.
V1 T1
V2 T2
V 300
(T1 = 27ºC = 300 K)
2V T2
T2 = 600 K
T = T2 – T1 = 300 K
Now, W P V R T
W = 0.2 × 2 × 300
= 120 cal
1 1
1 0.5
2 2
= 50%
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
T2
Then, 1 1 0
T1
= 1
T2
As, 1
T1
1 500
1
2 T1
T1 = 1000 K
T1 = 727 ºC
1 T
1 2
2 T1
1 300
1
2 T1
T1 = 600 K
Now, = 70%
70 300
1
100 T1
300
0.3
T1
300
T1 1000 K
0.3
T1 T1 1000 600
= 400 K
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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
Q.No. Solution
T2 W
1
T1 Q1
300 W
1
900 6000
2
W 6000
3
W = 4000 cal
= 4 kcal.
3
CP R R
2
5
CP R
2
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
T2
As 1
T1
so, = 1
When T2 = 0 K
5
Ui NRT
2
3
Uf (2N )RT
2
NRT
U = Uf – Ui =
2
If U = 0 Q = U + W Q = W
A = ab (where a and b are semi major and minor axes respectively)
W = area of the loop
r1 r2
= . r1r2
2 2 4
U = 0 Isothermal process.
P1V1 = P2V2
5 P = P2 11
5P
P2
11
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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
Q.No. Solution
U = Q – W = 20 J
R
C CV , where PV = constant.
1
PV4 = constant
=4
3R R 7R
C
2 1 4 6
Q = U + W = U + Q
(1 – ) Q = U
Q U
(1 – )
nT nT
5
(1 ).C R
2
5R
C
2(1 )
f f
U nRT ; f is no. of degrees of freedom = PV
2 2
P and V both are remaining same.
U is unchanged.
P
Slope of an isotherm =
V
P
Slope of an adiabatic =
V
So, for a point on the P-V diagram isotherm will have unique slope as well as adiabatic will have
unique slope. So, two isotherms or two adiabatic can’t intersect.
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
3
For monatomic gas, K.E. nRT
2
5
For diatomic gas. K.E. nRT
2
7 3.5
The value of K.E. nRT nRT can’t be obtained either by purely monoatomic gas or purely
4 2
diatomic or purely polyatomic gases. It could be obtained by either a mixture of (monoatomic +
diatomic) or a mixture of (monoatomic + polyatomic) gases.
W Q U Q C 7 2
1 P 1 1 1
U U U CV 5 5
W = Qcycle
Q = Heat absorbed
W 5
Efficiency,
Q 8
3 3
Q1 nCV T n R .T nRT
2 2
5
Q2 nCP T n R .2T 5nRT
2
13
Q Q1 Q2 nRT
2
13
nRT
Q 13
Specific heat capacity, C = 2 R
nT n.3T 6
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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
Q.No. Solution
T0
m
m P0 .
P0 m P . m m
0
P P
V P ( m m )
m 0
nR P
T 2
V T = constant or V T
3
V 3T V 3
= =
V T V T T
T1V1( – 1) = T2V2( – 1)
–1
V
T2 = T1 1
V2
= 4T1 { = 5/3}
1
= no. of moles =
4
– R(T2 – T1 )
ext =
1–
9
= RT1
8
Q = nCpT = 208 J
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Section-B
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (1, 4)
D
The process on the P- V diagram is like this.
P
Cycle is anti-clockwise. So work done by the gas is negative. In this A C
cycle work is needed to be done on the gas. So, it is suitable for
refrigerator. B
2. Answer (1, 2, 3)
System is isolated Q = 0
Work is being done on the system (liquid) by the external agent. Hence W = negative
Q = U + W
0 = U – W
U = + W = positive
3. Answer (1, 2, 3)
dP
B
dV
V
PV 2 = K
dP. V 2 + 2V. dV.P = 0
dP
2P B=2P
dV
V
B vs. P graph is a straight line through origin.
2K 1
B 2P B
V2 V2
Also, PV 2 K
2
nRT
or, P. K P T2 B P T2
P
4. Answer (1, 3)
Volume is constant W = 0
3 3
U nR T 4 R 100 600 R
2 2
Q = U = 600 R
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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
Q.No. Solution
5. Answer (1, 2)
Let P0 be the equilibrium pressure of the gas which is also equal to the atmospheric pressure. V0 be
the equilibrium volume and S be the cross-section of the piston.
V = V0 + Sx
P V0 Sx
Adiabatic process, 1
P0 V0 Sx
V0
If x is small,
.5 x
P P0 1
V0
SP0
P .x
V0
S 2 P0
Restoring force on piston, Fr Kx P.S K x
V0
Fr (– x)
So motion is S.H.M for small displacements. If displacement is not small, still restoring force acts on
the piston and the motion is oscillatory.
6. Answer (1, 4)
There is contraction in volume when ice melts. So, work done by atmosphere is positive and the work
done by the system is negative.
Q = U + W
mL = U – W0
U = W0 + mL U > mL
7. Answer (1, 3)
1
Internal energy, U 5 nRT
2
On stopping the vessel, the kinetic energy of the centre of mass of the gas molecules is converted into
random motion of the molecules due to which internal energy of the molecules increases and
consequently its temperature rises.
8. Answer (3, 4)
In cyclic process Q = W
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
9. Answer (1, 2)
5
3
5
P2 V1 1 3 1 P
P2 1
P1 V2 8 32 32
1
T1 V2 2
8 3 4 T2
T1
T2 V1 4
1
K.E. T K.E of gas molecules becomes times.
4
Rotational K.E. of monatomic molecules is zero.
dQ
dS
T
For AB, dS = 0 dQ = 0 adiabatic.Clockwise cycle dQ = +ve. i.e. heat is absorbed by the gas in
cycle.
nR (T1 T2 ) 1 8.314 26
W 432 J
(1.5 1) 0 .5
3 3
U nRT 1 8.314 26 324.246 J
2 2
7R 5R
(CP CV )Diatomic 6R
2 2
5R 3R
(CP CV ) Monoatomic 4R
2 2
35R 2
(CP .CV ) Diatomic
4
15R 2
(CP .CV ) Monoatomic
4
Cp 2
= = 1 is smaller for diatomic gas
Cv f
Cp – Cv = R = constant
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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
Q.No. Solution
Section-C
Q.No. Solution
Comprehension
1. Answer (3)
Since, process AB is adiabatic process.
P1 – T = C
1–
P
TB = A TA
PB
5
1–
3
3 5
= 3 TA
2
2
–
3 5
= TA
2
0.4
2
= 1000
3
= 850 K
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
2. Answer (2)
nR TA – TB 1 25 150
WAB = = 1875 J
–1 2
3
3
3. Answer (1)
Here, TB = 850 K
PB PC
TB TC
PC
TC = TB
PB
1
= 850
2
= 425 K
Heat lost in BC = nCvdT
3 25
= 1 425
2 3
= 5312.5 J
Section-D
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (1)
Work and heat both are energies in transition.
2. Answer (4)
If water is converted into steam, its temperature does not change, still its internal energy increases.
3. Answer (2)
First law does not tell anything about the direction of heat flow. So, according to first law, there is no
bar on flow of heat from lower temperature to higher temperature according to first law.
4. Answer (1)
dH = dU + dW
At constant volume, dH1 = dU; dW = 0
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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
Q.No. Solution
5. Answer (4)
Specific heat capacity for adiabatic process is zero because dQ = 0
6. Answer (3)
Graph-1 represents isothermal compression and graph-2 represents
adiabatic compression, because slope of adiabatic is greater than the P
slope of isotherm. Area under graph-2 is more than the area under graph-
1. So, work done in adiabatic process is more than the work done in 2
isothermal process described in question. 1
In isothermal compression temperature remains constant while in 3
adiabatic compression temperature increases. O V
7. Answer (2)
Both statements are independently correct.
8. Answer (2)
CP
1.67 for He
CV
Section-E
Q.No. Solution
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
(A) In isothermal process, temperature remains constant, so there is no change in internal energy.
(C) In isobaric expansion temperature increases so, the internal energy increases.
(D) In isochoric expansion temperature decreases, so the internal energy decreases and work done
also zero.
n> Q<0
n= Q=0
n=1 T = constant
n>1 T decreases
n<1 T increases
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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
Section-F
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (7)
P0.A
Pin.A
mg
mg 10
Pin P0 105 4 2 105 N/m2
A 10
QP = n CP T
7
2P0
mg
A
v 7 2 105 10 4 0.1 7 J
2
2. Answer (3)
P
PV–1 = k
x = –1
5 R
C R C 3R
2 2
x=3
3. Answer (6)
WBC = 0
WDA = 0
VB
WAB = nRT1 loge = –2.303 nRT1 loge 2
VA
VD
WCD = nRT2 loge = 2.303 nRT2 loge 2
VC
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
4. Answer (4)
TV – 1 = constant
7
5
2
V 5
2
TV
i i
5
Ti i
32
=4
Section-G
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (2)
Statement 1 : The temperature of a system can be increased without supplying heat by the suddenly
compression.
Statement 2 : Now, since work done is the area under P-V diagram
P2
P1
V1 V2
4 ( P 2 – P 1) (V 2 – V 1)
Statement 3 : Slope of the isothermal process = P
and slope of the adiabatic process = – P
Slope of adiabatic process P
Slope of isothermal process P
2. Answer (4)
Statement 1 : This is not necessary.
Statement 2 : Since, Q = 0 C = 0
Statement 3 : Heat is a path dependent function.
Section-H
Q.No. Solution
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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
Q.No. Solution
1 1
nRT = P2V2 – P1V1 kx22 = kx12 = 2 kx22 kx12 = 2 × 5 = 10 J
2 2
nCvT = 25 J
Cv 25 5
R 10 2
5
Cv R Gas is diatomic.
2
3. Answer (1, 2, 4)
3
V 2
3
PV 2
P P = 8P
1
4
TV – 1 = k T = 2T
V
PV – 8P
W 4 – PV –2PV
–1 1
2
4. Q = U + W
–Q N 1
Q U U Q N
N
R T R T 5 N 1
R T Q
–1 7 2 N
–1
5
2Q N 1
RT =
5 N
Now, Q = ·CT
5R T N
Q N 1
2
Q
C
T
5NR
C
2[N 1]
N = 5
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
5. Answer (4)
3 P0V0
W 4 P0V0 P0V0 2P0V0 P0V0 2P0V0
2 4 4
R T 3
U R T
5 2
1
3
3 3
= P2V2 PV = P0 2V0 2P0 V0
2
1 1
2
3
Q W U P0V0 2
4
x=4
7. V2 3V
W = nRT ln = 2R 400 ln = 800 R ln (3)
V1 V
8. Temperature at B is highest and the temperature at A is lowest because the value of ‘P.V’ is highest at
B and lowest at A.
TB = 2TA
B B
WAB =
A
PdV KV .dV
A
( P = KV)
B
KV 2 PV
B
PBVB PAVA nR (TB TA )
= 2
2 A A 2 2
3
U AB nR (TB TA )
2
Q AB W AB U AB 2nR (TB TA ) = Heat absorbed
Wcycle = area of triangle
1
= (VC VA ) (PB PC )
2
1
= (PBVC PCVA PBVA PCVC )
2
1
= (PBVB PAVA PBVA PCVB ); ( VB VC and PA PC )
2
PA PB
PBVA PAVB PCVC
VA VB
1 nR
Wcycle = (PBVB PAV A 2PCVC ) (T A TB 2TC )
2 2
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Thermodynamics (Solutions) Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
Q.No. Solution
VA T A P T V .P T .T
and B B A B A 2B
VC TC PC TC VC .PC TC
TC TA TB ( VA PB VC PC )
Wcycle TA TB 2 TATB
100 25 ; ( TB 2TA )
Q AB TB TA
~ 4.29% ~ 5%
9. (i) Let us consider the given 1 mole of gas and raise its temperature by 1°C. Then the heat required
will be equal to specific heat capacity.
3
Change in internal energy, U R ( monoatomic gas)
2
dW = PdV
PV nRT R (T0 4V )
R T0 T0
= 4 .dT P R 4
4 V V
T T 4V dT 4dV
0
dW
= work done in raising temperature by 1°C for 1 mole
dT
R T0
= 4
4V
dW R T
C U = 10 0
dT 4 V
(ii)
Q nCdT
4V0
R T
=
V0
10 0 .4dV = 30 V0R + RT0 ln 4
4 V
10. P1
P2
2
T1
T2 150 K
2
(P1, V1, T1)
O V
Heat released in isochoric compression,
Q1 = – nCVT = –2CV 150
= – 300 CV
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Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Thermodynamics (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
11. Q = U + W
R
= nCVT + W = n T W
( 1)
W PdV
nRT a a
V
.dV ; V
T
dV 2 .dT
T
T a
nRT . . 2 .dT
a T
= – nRT
nRT
Q nRT
1
1
nRT 1
1
1
= 1 R 100 1
1 . 4 1
= 150 R
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