CHAPTER 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter represents the review of related literature and studies which significant

bearings to the present research have conducted. It includes foreign and local materials of

sources.

Vocational preference is another factor that might determine the psychological cost of

pursuing vocational and general education" For example, a person who has a relatively low locus

of control and, thus, low self-efficacy might have a high psychic cost enrolling in vocational

education if she or he has no interest in mechanical or clerical work" According to Holland

(2010) vocational interests are an expression of personality that reflects the value systems, needs,

and motivations of individuals" Thus, as long as vocational and general high school tracking

have a vocational implication, the former being linked more directly to a middle-level technician

and clerical jobs while the latter is more closely linked to white collar .jobs, it is likely that

vocational interests will affect students decisions to enroll in vocational or general high schools"

because vocational interests reflect the value systems and the needs of individuals, enrolling in

an educational track that is contradictory to ones vocational interests can be said to impose a

higher level of psychic costs to individuals than when the educational choice and vocational

interest are perfectly matched. Male and female students tend to make different educational and

career choices (Brown and Corcoran,2010) found that mathematically talented women prefer

careers in law and medicine over careers in physical science and engineering" Lafar (2007)
found that male students are more likely to choose engineering majors but less likely to choose

literature and fine art majors than their female peers" brown and Corcoran (2010) also found

gender differences in the number of language and math classes taken in high schools in their

sample from the rational and longitudinal study of the high school Class of 1732 (2005).

According to Sarmiento, D. Orale, R. (2016), with their academic research journal entitled:

‘’Senior High School Curriculum in the Philippines, USA, and Japan.’’ The K to 12 education

program in the Philippines addresses the defects of the country basic education curriculum. As

claimed by the proponent of the K12 program, the curriculum is seamless, ensuring the smooth

transition between grade levels and continuum of competencies. It is also relevant and

responsive, enriched and learner-centered curriculum (SEAMEO INNOTECH, 2012). Senior

High School curriculum in various parts of the world is offered to prepare students for work or a

university life. The World Education News and Reviews (2016) presented various basic

education curriculums in the world. The senior SHS curriculum is an entry point to

college/university life or business and industry, the later seen as the lesser of the two regarding

prestige (Schoon,I., & Parsons, S.2002). In the Philippines for example, more students would

prefer going into the academic track than any other track. In a study conducted, about half

chooses academic tracks while tech-voc courses are selected only by about 3% of their

prospective students (Wahl, K., & Blackhurst, A. 2000). Based on enrolment data from DepEd,

60.6% of Philippine senior high school enrollees went to academic track while around 39% went

to the tech-voc track.

 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods of collecting the data used in this study. It includes the

research design, the research environment, respondent, sampling procedure research instrument,

data gathering procedure, and statistical tools used.

Research Design

This will study utilize the descriptive correlational research design. It will seek to

describe the collected data in its simplest raw firm and sophistical form whereby data were

grouped and presented in tables and figures. The study will use correlation in investigating

relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

Research Environment
 The study will be conducted to the students who graduated Senior High School at Brgy.

Dalipuga, Iligan City. Dalipuga located at Mindanao in the province of Lanao Del Norte.

Research Instrument Used

The research instrument will be used in determining the effectiveness Senior High School

Curriculum will be adopted According from Enilegna M. (2013).It consist of questions and was

divided into two parts. Part one will deal on the respondents profile while part two will asses

with the respondents perception on SHS Curriculum.

Respondent and Sampling Procedures

The respondents of this study are the students who were a graduate of Senior High

School. This study will use purposive sampling.

Data Gathering Procedure

 To facilitate the gathering of data, the researchers will send a letter to the principal of

Dalipuga National High School to allow the researchers to administer questionnaires to the

respondents. The researcher will distribute and retrieve the questionnaire. The data will be

fullied, consolidated, summarized and interpreted based on problem.

Statistical Used

The following statistical treatments will be employed by the researchers in the analysis of

data.

1. Weighted Mean. This was used to treat the raw data to yield useful description of

each variable.

FORMULA FOR THE WEIGHTED MEAN

∑ 𝐖 𝟏𝐗𝟏
X=
∑𝐖𝟏

2. Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (r). This was used to determine the

extent of correlation between the classroom management students’ performance.

Where:

∑𝒏
𝒕=𝟏(𝑿𝟏−𝑿)(𝒀𝟏−𝒀)
r=
∑𝒏 𝒏
𝒕=𝟏(𝑿𝟏−𝑿) 𝟐√∑𝟏 𝟏(𝒀𝟏−𝒀)
 - -

𝑥1−𝑥
, X and Sx
𝑆𝑥

Are the standard score, sample mean and sample standard deviation respectively.

3.T- Test. This will be used to determine the students’ performance between classroom

management.

Formula:

𝒙
t=-
𝒅𝒙

Where:
X = mean of sample 1

X2= mean of sample 2

N2 = number of subjects in sample 2

Si2 = variance of sample 1 = Σ (X1– X2)

N1
S2² = variance of sample 2 = Σ (X2 )
X2

N2