STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCING

Aim: To perform the experiment of Balancing of rotating parts and find the unbalanced couple and
forces

THEORY:

Conditions for Static and Dynamic Balancing:

If a shaft carries a number of unbalanced masses such that center of mass of the system lies on the axis
of rotation, the system is said to statically balance. The resultant couple due to all the inertia forces
during rotation must be zero. These two conditions together will give complete dynamic balancing. It
is obvious that a dynamically -balanced system is also statically balanced, but the statically balanced
system is not dynamically balanced.

PROCEDURE

STATIC BALANCING:

Remove the drive belt. The value of 𝑊𝑟 for each block is determined by clamping each block in turn on the
shaft and with the cord and container system suspended over the protractors disc, the number of steel
ball, which are of equal weight, are placed into one of the containers to exactly balance the blocks on the
shaft. When the block becomes horizontal, the number of balls ‘N’ will give the value of 𝑊𝑟 for the block.

For finding out 𝑊𝑟 during static balancing proceed as follows.

1. Remove the belt.

2. Screw the combined hook to the pulley with groove. [the pulley is different than the belt pulley]
3. Attached the cord-ends of the pans to the above combined hook.
4. Attach the block No. 1 to the shaft at any convenient position and in vertical downward direction.
5. Put steel balls in one of the pans till the block starts moving up. [Up to horizontal position]
6. Number of balls give the ‘𝑊𝑟 ’ value of block 1.
7. Repeat the procedure for other blocks.

SL NO. 𝑾𝒓 WEIGHT
1 56
2 62
3 67
4 72
5 76
6 78

DYNAMIC BALANCING:
It is necessary to leave the machine before the experiment. Using values of 𝑊𝑟 obtained as above,
and if the angular position and planes of rotation of three of four blocks are known, the student can
calculate the position of the other blocks [S] for balancing of the complete system. From the
calculations, the student finally clamps all the blocks on the shaft in their appropriate positions.
Replace the motor belt, transfer the main frame to its hanging position and then by running the
motor, one can verify that these calculations are correct and the blocks are perfectly balanced.
 EXPERIMENT NO-1

DYNAMIC BALANCING OF 4 BLOCKS

Obtain Dynamic Balance of set of four blocks with unbalance as shown by properly positioning
them in angular and lateral position on the shaft.

NO. UNBALANCE [ 𝑾𝒓 Product]

U UNKNOWN WEIGHT
6
1
2

Distance between each block is 3cm. the arrangement is shown in fig. 5.a.

U 6 1 2

3cm 3cm 3cm

[planes 4 and 1 are unbalance planes and 3 and 2 are balancing planes.] First of all assume that
reference plane is 3. Then find out the couples for blocks 4,1 & 2 W.R.T. and then draw couple polygon.

Plane 𝑾𝒓 Dist. From No-3 Couple Angle Found

UNKNOWN 0 0 ----------
6 78 3 234 00
1 56 6 336 220
2 62 9 558 1930

To find out angular position of weight no 1 & 2 considering no. 4 on 00

ARRANGEMENT CHART:

Plane 𝑾𝒓 Dist. From No-3 Angle Found

4 72 0 ----------
6 78 3 00
1 56 6 220
2 62 9 1930

Angular position of No. U block is obtained from the force and its magnitude is also obtained. Adjust all
angular and lateral position properly and find that the shaft rotates without producing any vibrations.
STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCING

Four masses A,B,C and D are to be completely balanced. Masses C and D make angles of 900 and 1900
respectively with B in the same sense. Planes B and C are 100mm apart. Determine the position of planes
A and D.

𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑏 = 𝑚𝑐 = 𝑚𝑑 = 55 𝑔𝑚

𝑟𝑏 = 50 𝑚𝑚, 𝑟𝑐 = 30𝑚𝑚, 𝑟𝑑 = 40 𝑚𝑚, 𝑟𝑎 =? 𝜃𝑎 = 𝜃𝑎 =?

𝑏

1900
D 𝑟𝑐
𝑚𝑑 𝑟𝑑
900
C 𝑟𝑏
B 𝑚𝑐 𝑟𝑐
𝑟𝑑
𝑎 𝑚𝑎 𝑟𝑎
B
A
𝜃𝑎 D 𝑚𝑏 𝑟𝑏
A (RP)

Static Balancing Force polygon

∑𝐹 = 0

𝑚𝑎 𝑟̅𝑎 𝑤 2 + 𝑚𝑏 𝑟̅𝑏 𝑤 2+𝑚𝑐 𝑟̅𝑐 𝑤 2 +𝑚𝑑 𝑟̅𝑑 𝑤 2 =0

Or
𝑚𝑎 𝑟̅𝑎 + 𝑚𝑏 𝑟̅𝑏 +𝑚𝑐 𝑟̅𝑐 +𝑚𝑑 𝑟̅𝑑 =0
∑ 𝑚𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0 , ∑ 𝑚𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0
𝑚𝑎 𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑎 +𝑚𝑏 𝑟𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑏 +𝑚𝑐 𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐 +𝑚𝑑 𝑟𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑 =0
𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑎 =-(50 𝑐𝑜𝑠0+30 cos 90+40cos 190)
(𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑏 = 𝑚𝑐 = 55 𝑔)
=-10.61 ---------(i)
𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑎 =-(50 𝑠𝑖𝑛0+30 sin 90+40 sin 190)
=-23.054 ---------(ii)

𝑟𝑎 = √10.622 + 23.0542 =25.38 mm

Dividing (ii) by (i)
tan 𝜃 = 2.173
Or 𝜃𝑎 = (65.2 + 180) = 245.30
 Couple polygon from position diagram

1900
D
90 0 𝑙𝑑 ∑ 𝑚 𝑟̅ 𝑙 = 0 𝑟𝑏 = 50, 𝑟𝑐, = 30, 𝑟𝑑 = 40
C ∑ 𝑚 𝑟𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛳 = 0 , ∑ 𝑚 𝑟𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛳 = 0
𝑙𝑐

B
𝑙𝑏
𝜃𝑎 A (RP)

A is R.P
𝑚𝑏 𝑟𝑏 𝑙𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠0 + 𝑚𝑐 𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠90 + 𝑚𝑑 𝑟𝑑 𝑙𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠190=0
Or, 50 𝑙𝑏 + 40 𝑙𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠190 =0
Or, 𝑙𝑏 =0.7878 𝑙𝑑
𝑚𝑏 𝑟𝑏 𝑙𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛0 + 𝑚𝑐 𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛90 + 𝑚𝑑 𝑟𝑑 𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛190=0
Or, 30 𝑙𝑐 + 40 𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛190 =0
Or, 𝑙𝑐 =0.2315𝑙𝑑
Planes B & C are 100 mm apart, i.e. 𝑙𝑐 − 𝑙𝑏 = 100 or, 𝑙𝑐 = 𝑙𝑏 + 100
∴ 𝑙𝑏 + 100 = 0.2315𝑙𝑑
Or, 0.7878 𝑙𝑑 + 100 = 0.2315 𝑙𝑑
Or, 𝑙𝑑 = −179.76 𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑏 = 0.2315 𝑙𝑑 =-141.61 mm
𝑙𝑐 = 0.2315 𝑙𝑑 =-41.61 mm
To find out the relative position graphically

𝜃𝑐 = 2450
A
900 41.6 mm 𝑚𝑑 𝑟𝑑 𝑙𝑑 =?
C
141.6 mm
𝑚𝑐 𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑐 (1.65𝑋105 )
B 179.76 mm
𝑚𝑎 𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 =1
1900
𝜃𝑎 D

Couple Polygon

Take B as the R.P. 𝑚𝑐 𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑐 = 55𝑋33𝑋100 = 1.65𝑋105 𝑔𝑚. 𝑚𝑚2