Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
March 2017
REPORT
Small Hydro Resource Mapping in Indonesia
This final document presents the hydropower potential in the regions of NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and
Sulawesi for both the grid expansion and isolated systems and complements the GIS Database output. This
output has been internally peer-reviewed and i
listed on the ESMAP website along with the other project outputs - please refer to the corresponding
country page.
The World Bank, comprising the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the
International Development Association (IDA), is the commissioning agent and copyright holder for this
publication. However, this work is a product of the consultants listed, and not of World Bank staff. The
findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The
World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work and accept no
responsibility for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other
information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank
concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its
knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full
attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be
addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433,
USA; fax: +1-202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Furthermore, the ESMAP Program Manager
would appreciate receiving a copy of the publication that uses this publication for its source sent in care of
the address above, or to esmap@worldbank.org.
SMALL HYDROPOWER MAPPING AND IMPROVED
GEOSPATIAL ELECTRIFICATION PLANNING
INDONESIA
March 2017
SMALL HYDROPOWER MAPPING AND IMPROVED GEOSPATIAL ELECTRIFICATION PLANNING - INDONESIA
SMALL HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IN NTT, MALUKU, MALUKU UTARA AND SULAWESI REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 SYNOPSIS.............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 ESMAP ..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 THE CONSULTANT .................................................................................................................................................................2
1.4 OBJECTIVES ..........................................................................................................................................................................4
1.5 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................................................5
1.6 CONTENT OF THE REPORT .......................................................................................................................................................6
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FIGURES
Figure 1.1 – Objectives of the project Small Hydropower Mapping in Indonesia and Improved Geospatial
Planning. .........................................................................................................................................................................................4
Figure 1.2 – Workflow with the technical approach and methodology from the Consultant........................................................6
Figure 2.1 – Development plan of the transmission system in Sumatera. [5] .............................................................................10
Figure 2.2 – Total generating capacity per type of power plant in 2014. [4] ...............................................................................10
Figure 2.3 – Electricity consumption per type of customer. [4], [6], [7] ......................................................................................11
Figure 2.4 – Regional demand growth between 2015 and 2024. [3] ...........................................................................................13
Figure 2.5 – Regional demand growth between 2015 and 2024 per type of customer (TWh). [3] .............................................13
Figure 2.6 – Additional installed capacity per type of owner and operator. [3] ..........................................................................14
Figure 2.7 – Additional installed capacity per type of technology. [3] .........................................................................................15
Figure 2.8 – Development plan for New and Renewable Energy 2015-2024. [3] ........................................................................15
Figure 2.9 – Installed capacity in Sulawesi per province in 2014. [4] ...........................................................................................17
Figure 2.11 – Development plans in Sulawesi between 2016 and 2025. [5] ................................................................................20
Figure 2.12 – Installed capacity in Maluku and Maluku Utara in 2014. [4] ..................................................................................21
Figure 2.13 – Power generation development plant in Maluku between 2016 and 2025 (RUPTL). ............................................23
Figure 2.14 – Development plans in Ambon and Seram between 2016 and 2025. [5] ................................................................24
Figure 2.15 – Development plans in Buru between 2016 and 2025. [5] ......................................................................................24
Figure 2.16 – Power generation development plant in Maluku Utara between 2016 and 2025. [5] ..........................................25
Figure 2.17 – Development plans in Halmahera between 2016 and 2025. [5] ............................................................................26
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Figure 2.19 – Power generation development plant in NTT between 2016 and 2025. [5] ..........................................................28
Figure 2.20 – Development plans in Flores between 2016 and 2025. [5] ....................................................................................29
Figure 2.21 – Development plans in Timor between 2016 and 2025. [5] ....................................................................................30
Figure 2.22 – Development plans in Sumba between 2016 and 2025. [5] ...................................................................................30
Figure 3.1 – Flowchart for direct appointment method for SHP. .................................................................................................33
Figure 4.1 – Distribution of hydropower projects per Island and Wilayah. .................................................................................47
Figure 4.2 – Distribution of Large (LHP) and Small (SHP) hydro per Island and Wilayah. ............................................................49
Figure 4.4 – Total capacity (MW) per Island and identified developer. .......................................................................................52
Figure 4.5 – Site visits in: a) Minraleng-2 project site, Sulawesi Selatan; b) PLTM Tincep 2 project site, Sulawesi
Utara; c) Halo project site, Ambon, Maluku; and d) PLTMH Oehala micro-hydro project, Kupang, Timur. ................................54
Figure 5.1 – Hydropower capacity per region. List of identified potential. .................................................................................57
Figure 5.2 – Installed capacity (<10 MW) vs. investment cost in the list of identified potential. ................................................58
Figure 5.6 – Hydropower capacity per region. Final screening phase. ........................................................................................65
Figure 5.14 – Investment cost vs installed capacity for NTT region. ............................................................................................82
Figure 5.17 – Investment cost vs installed capacity for Maluku region. ......................................................................................83
Figure 5.20 – Investment cost vs installed capacity for Maluku Utara region. ............................................................................85
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Figure 5.26 – Investment cost vs installed capacity in all the regions. .........................................................................................88
TABLES
Table 2.1 – Electricity statistics between 2009 and 2014. [4], [6], [7], [8], [9] .............................................................................12
Table 2.2 – PLN and IPP investment between 2015 and 2024 (USD million). [3] .........................................................................16
Table 2.3 – Electricity statistics in Sulawesi per province in 2014. [4] .........................................................................................18
Table 2.4 – Electricity statistics in Maluku and Maluku Utara in 2014. [4] ..................................................................................22
Table 3.3 - Electricity and energy utilization activities needed to conduct an AMDAL. ...............................................................37
Table 3.4 – Utilization of forest areas by development activities beside forestry production, P.16/Menhut-
II/2014. .........................................................................................................................................................................................40
Table 4.1 – Distribution of the hydropower projects per Island and Wilayah. ............................................................................47
Table 4.5 – Identified new SHP potential from PLN Wilayahs. .....................................................................................................53
Table 5.1 – Hydropower capacity per region. List of identified potential. ...................................................................................56
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Table 5.8 – Hydropower capacity per region. Final screening phase. ..........................................................................................65
Table 5.9 – Number of projects considered for the list of most promising sites per region. .......................................................70
Table 5.11 – Potential isolated grid SHP sites (with 30 km or greater distance to grid). .............................................................96
Table 5.12 – Isolated grid SHP potential sites. Annual Energy Demand meets Annual Production. ...........................................97
Table 5.13 – Isolated grid SHP potential sites. Annual Energy Demand meets Annual Production. ...........................................98
Table 5.14 – Most promising isolated grid SHP potential sites. ...................................................................................................98
ANNEXES
Annex I – Updated list of identified potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi
Annex II – Demand forecast results
Annex III – Results of the preliminary site assessment
Annex IV – Multi-criteria results
Annex V – List of most promising sites - Base strategy
Annex VI – List of most promising sites - Hydropower development strategy
Annex VII – List of most promising sites - Environmental impact strategy
Annex VIII – List of most promising sites – Rural Electrification strategy
Annex IX –Results for the Isolated Grid Systems
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 SYNOPSIS
The Small Hydropower Mapping and Improved Geospatial Electrification Planning in Indonesia project
(Selection No. 1125330) is an initiative administered by the Energy Sector Management Assistance
Program (ESMAP), which objective is to facilitate and improve the planning and investment process for
small hydropower development in both grid and isolated systems through:
a) Building up a central database on small hydropower at national scale and validating the mapping
of small hydropower in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi;
b) Improved electrification planning by integrating small hydropower potential for the provinces of
NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi into the planning process.
The current document represents the Small Hydropower Potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and
Sulawesi Report that aims to present the hydropower potential in those regions for both grid expansion
and isolated systems and to present a list of small hydropower sites for development, including
recommendations for additional supporting studies, investigation and monitoring. It is complemented
by two other documents: the GIS Database User’s Manual and the Small Hydropower Mapping Report.
The next sub-sections further explain the background, objectives and content of the document.
1.2 ESMAP
ESMAP is a global knowledge and technical assistance program administered by The World Bank and
supported by 11 bilateral donors. ESMAP’s efforts focus on energy security, energy access, and climate
change, and involve three core services: i) analytical work, ii) knowledge clearinghouse, and iii)
operational support to The World Bank regions for technical assistance work at the country level.
Carrying out RE resource mapping and geospatial analysis at the country level helps to scale up the
deployment of biomass, small hydro, solar and wind electricity generation, particularly in countries
where one or more of these sources of power are underdeveloped. This is because such mapping is a
crucial step to developing a policy framework to guide investment in RE electricity generation which,
along with publicly-available data, helps reduce transaction costs and speeds up deployment by
providing commercial developers with:
Increased certainty that projects are likely to be approved or permitted with minimal
bureaucracy and delay;
Data transparency and a level playing field, thereby reducing barriers to the entry and limiting
the scope of corruption;
A baseline of reliable data that can help guide prospecting activities and can be used for data
verification purposes;
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A better informed off-taker or purchasing authority, thereby improving the price negotiation
process.
In response, ESMAP has launched a new initiative to support country-driven efforts to improve RE
resource awareness, put in place appropriate policy frameworks for RE development, and provide “open
access” to resource and geospatial mapping data. One of the key elements of this ESMAP initiative was
to select consulting firms and establish framework agreements for the procurement of resource data
and mapping services. On the scope of “Small Hydropower Resource Data and Mapping Service”, the
Consultant Consortium headed by Gesto Energy Consulting (GESTO), also including Aqualogus,
Engenharia e Ambiente (AQUALOGUS) and GAF AG was successfully selected for the framework
agreement with The World Bank.
The current project “Small Hydropower Mapping and Improved Geospatial Planning” is under the scope
of the framework agreement with The World Bank.
For the renewable energy mapping based on hydropower, The World Bank hired qualified consulting
firms with demonstrated capabilities in providing small hydropower resource mapping and related
services. The Indefinite Delivery Contract commenced on May 28, 2013, and is expected to end by 2017.
The tender for Small Hydropower Mapping and Improved Electrification Planning in Indonesia was
released under this contract in late 2013.
For this particular tender, the Consultant’s Association (CONSULTANT) is led by GESTO, and includes
AQUALOGUS and Indonesia Hydro Consult, as a local partner.
After the tenders’ evaluation in early 2014, the World Bank informed the Consultant that it was chosen
to perform the Project. After a period of negotiation the Contract was signed on February 12 2014.
The project was built on previous efforts for the assessment of renewable energy potential and
electrification funded by The World Bank (ASTAE-AusAID-ESMAP), ADB, AusAid, Norwegian
Government, USAID and others. The resource mapping activity is part of a broader World Bank program
of technical assistance that will assist in the implementation of the 1,000 Island Electrification Program
via scaling up renewable energy, resource mapping, geospatial planning and capacity building of key
stakeholders in each of the above areas.
GESTO, the leading partner, is an international consultant specialized in energy and in the evaluation of
renewable resources. GESTO has know-how and experience in the development of renewable energy
policy as well as master plans and supports all phases of renewable energy project development.
With a wide scope of expertise, including but not limited to, hydro resource study and evaluation,
project analysis and prioritization, and support for projects development, GESTO track record includes,
not only, resource mapping - more than 15 resource maps in the last 4 years – but also, the
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development of Hydro Atlas and projects identification for Cape Verde, East Timor, Mozambique and
Angola, and a 5 MW Solar plant development in Cape Verde (Santiago Island) - the largest built in Africa
at that time.
Currently, GESTO presents a worldwide portfolio of concluded and on-going projects: Renewable Energy
Roadmap to 2020 (Cape Verde), Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plant Pre-Feasibility Study (Namibia),
Mozambique Renewable Energy Atlas, Angola Energy Vision to 2025, Renewable Electrification Plan of
East Timor and Project Development for Renewable Auctions in South Africa.
AQUALOGUS’ core business is dedicated consultancy and engineering design services in water and
environmental projects. The company has 16 years’ experience in hydropower projects evaluation,
feasibility assessment and design. It has recently developed/participated a number of studies and
designs of hydropower schemes, dams and environmental assessments, worth highlighting the
evaluation of the small hydropower potential (<10 MW) potential for the Portuguese territory and the
Tagus hydrologic region hydropower potential mapping and location, as well as the following related
projects:
Medium and small hydropower plants: more than 30 studies and designs in the last 10 years,
with installed power ranging from 500 kW to 30 MW, in Portugal, Mozambique, Cape Verde and
Brazil.
Large dam designs: several embankment and concrete structures for hydro agricultural schemes
(mostly in the large multipurpose Alqueva project), hydropower and water supply (detailed
design in the last 5 years of Fridão 35 m gravity dam, Daivões 75 m gravity dam, Odelouca 76 m
earth dam).
Environmental impact assessment studies of hydropower plants (more than 15 in the last 10
years) and of hydraulic schemes (more than 20 000 ha of irrigation projects).
Indonesia Hydro Consult (IHC) is one of the fastest growing hydro engineering consulting service
companies in Indonesia. They are leading providers of hydro project solutions and provide high quality
on-site and remote consulting services for growing hydro developers nationwide and give them a
significant development benefit. Their objective is to enhance the success of their clients by providing
solutions for projects and cost-effective consulting services for their business needs.
IHC has expertise in the field of hydro engineering nationwide in Indonesia. The experience gained from
site reconnaissance, planning and studies, design and design reviews, and construction assistances have
made them capable to offer comprehensive consultancy services. Their benefits from the previous
projects enable them to offer improvement at every step of the project. Their experience and resources
enable innovative development to assemble project teams quickly, based on the technical requirements
of each project.
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1.4 OBJECTIVES
After the 2013 Scoping Mission by the ESMAP team in Jakarta it was concluded that small hydropower
can play a role in clean power generation in Indonesia, and that there was interest from both public and
private investors to develop small hydropower, but that there lacked promotion and coordinated
planning of small hydropower development. Hence, the ESMAP current contribution for small
hydropower in Indonesia (Small Hydropower Mapping and Improved Geospatial Planning in Indonesia)
has an overall objective to mainstream small hydropower into the planning process for generation
growth and electrification planning in Indonesia.
More precisely, the consultancy services have the specific purpose to facilitate and improve the planning
process of small hydropower in both grid and isolated systems through establishment of GIS-based
databases, which will help PLN to optimize development and avoid conflicts with long-term maximized
utilization of the resource and to promote and facilitate the role of small hydropower in remote areas
and in isolated grid systems, where the need is to go from planning small hydropower based on
maximized capacity and least cost of energy, to customizing schemes to demand to get the highest
benefit of substituting fossil fuel generating plants.
The objectives of the project are schematically presented in Figure 1.1.
Facilitate and
Improve the
planning
Integrate small process
hydropower
Avoid conflicts
potential in the
with long term
improved
maximized
electrification
utilization of the
(NTT, Maluku, Mainstream resource
Maluku Utara small
and Sulawesi) hydropower into
the planning
process for
generation and Promote and
Building up a facilitate de role
central electrification of small
database on hydropower in
small hydro remote areas
Customizing
(National Level) and isolated
schemes (stand
grid systems
alone or hybrid)
to demand to
get the highest
benefit of
substituting
diesel
Figure 1.1 – Objectives of the project Small Hydropower Mapping in Indonesia and Improved Geospatial Planning.
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Moreover, the consultancy services will be done in parallel on two vectors following PLN’s interest:
1.5 METHODOLOGY
The Terms of Reference requested the work to be grouped in two main activities:
Activity 1 – Data collection and production of a national small hydropower GIS database, review
and validation of small hydropower potential for NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi;
Activity 2 – Support to the inclusion of small hydropower potential to the geospatial
electrification planning for NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi.
As an optional activity, a training component was requested and contracted within the scope of the
project. The training activity aims to provide PLN the required skills to host, operate and further develop
the National Database, as well as to perform the required analysis to prioritize the Small Hydropower
Projects (SHP) in the region, according to the established multi-criteria analysis.
The objectives of Activity 1 are:
To create a list of potential SHP sites in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi to be
incorporated in the Geospatial Electrification Planning (GEP) Tool
To draw policy recommendations on the development of SHP in Indonesia
To produce the Final Report and promote the Final Workshop for the Client and relevant
stakeholders
For the development of these activities, the Consultant’s methodology is best described in the workflow
of interconnected sub-activities and tasks presented in Figure 1.2.
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Figure 1.2 – Workflow with the technical approach and methodology from the Consultant.
Chapter 1 of the report is the project’s introduction. Chapter 2 addresses the existing power generation
and distribution situation in Indonesia, with an especial focus on the study area of NTT, Maluku, Maluku
Utara and Sulawesi.
Building on the assessment described on the previous chapter, a review of the SHP role in Indonesia is
presented in Chapter 3, including the assessment of the current legal framework and of the expected
strengths and weakness of using SHP in isolated grid systems.
The update of the list of already identified potential for SHP on the study area of NTT, Maluku, Maluku
Utara and Sulawesi is conducted in Chapter 4, based on the data collated for the nationwide database
complemented with the results of the site visits to the major regional offices.
Based on the previous updated list of already identified potential for SHP on the study area of NTT,
Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi, a review and prioritization of the SHP potential in the same study
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area is described in detail in Chapter 5, where the resulting list of the most promising sites is also
presented. It is also addressed in detail in Chapter 5 the SHP ranking process for isolated grid systems
and future recommendations for further development studies.
Chapter 6 addresses the coordination and inputs to the parallel contract on the Geospatial Planning
Tool, and, finally, Chapter 7 presents the report’s conclusions.
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2.1 CONTEXT
Although one of the ideas of ESMAP’s SHP mapping is ground-based monitoring of hydrology and
geotechnical site investigations, these were originally considered too difficult to conduct in Indonesia
within the time frame and budget of the project because of the geographic characteristics of the
territory, with a large number of islands and generally very steep terrain. Instead, ESMAP proposed the
focus of the validation process in Activity 1 to be on customizing the mapping of SHP to the unique
characteristics of the power grid in Indonesia, which is a result of the same difficult geographical
characteristics.
It is accepted that populated remote areas are very costly to link to the main grid and that the
traditional mapping of hydro potential based on larger schemes connected to HV lines may not always
be the best alternatives.
This chapter presents an overall review of the existing power generation and distribution situation in
Indonesia in general, and in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara, and Sulawesi in particular. It serves as an
introduction to the assessment presented in the next chapter, where SHP’s role as a generation option
is addressed.
2.2 INDONESIA
Indonesia is estimated to have the world’s 16th largest GDP in 2016, having maintained a growing
economy even in face of a global economic slowdown. Indonesia’s economic growth is dependent on
the country’s ability to secure access to reliable and cost-effective energy sources, given that the energy
demand has been growing steadily in the past few years. [1]
Furthermore, its vast territory, comprised of 17 508 islands, is home for over 250 million people, making
Indonesia the fourth most populated country in the world, only behind China, India and the United
States of America. More than half of the country’s population lives in the Jawa-Bali region, the region
where Indonesia’s economic activity is mostly focused. The rest of the population is spread out across
Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku and Papua. This island geography makes
transportation and service provision, such as providing electricity and energy services nationwide, a
challenge needed to be overcome. [2]
Given the aforementioned, some remote populated areas become very costly to connect to the existing
grid. In such areas, electricity is supplied through isolated grid systems, that are based mainly on LV and
MV lines and that need independent power generation sources. On the other hand, in large electricity
systems, such as Sumatera, Jawa-Bali and Sulawesi, there are already extra high voltage (EHV)
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transmission lines, that form the backbone of the electricity systems. Moreover, a connection between
the Jawa-Bali and the Sumatera systems is also planned, as depicted in Figure 2.1. Taking Sumatera’s
grid as an example, it is important to highlight that one of the advantages of connecting a system to the
grid is that this allows the transmission of electricity from power plants with cheap energy sources to
regions lacking those types of source, and which were consequently using more expensive ones, such as
diesel-fueled power plants. [3], [4]
The Indonesian electricity distribution service is monopolized by PLN, which is the sole supplier of
electricity to the public and business. Although some private electricity companies are operating, they
are only allowed to sell the electricity produced to the public through the power system owned by PLN.
Additionally, PLN is the entity responsible for achieving the government’s generation targets, but the
generation capacity is distributed between PLN and independent power producers (IPP), with PLN
having the right of first refusal over every activity in the electricity sector.
At the end of 2014, PLN owned and operated units totaling 37.4 GW of installed capacity, representing a
3.99% increase from the previous year. Including IPPs’ power plants, the total generation capacity of the
country was 53.1 GW. The total generating capacity per type of power plant is pictured in Figure 2.2,
with a predominance of steam-based generation, which accounted for more than 47%, having
hydropower plants accounted for 9.9% of the total installed capacity. In the same pictures, “Others”
generation accounts for solar, wind, coal gasification and waste power plants, totaling 0.1% of the
national installed capacity. [3], [4]
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2.6% 0.1%
9.3%
Steam Turbine
Figure 2.2 – Total generating capacity per type of power plant in 2014. [4]
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Considering the electricity sold by PLN, it is possible to see a steady increase: while in 2009 the
electricity sold amounted to 133.1 TWh, in 2014 this value was 198.6 TWh. This growth is also related to
the increase in the number of customers, from 39.8 million to 57.5 million, and in the electrification
ratio, from 63.5% to 84.4%, between 2009 and 2014. It was also observed that the major share of
electricity sold was to residential consumers, followed by industrial and commercial ones, and finally by
the “Others” group (social/government office buildings and public street lighting). The evolution of
electricity consumption between 2012 and 2014 for each type of consumer is displayed in Figure 2.3
below. [3]
Electricity consumption (GWh)
90 000
84 086
77 211
75 000 72 133
65 909
64 381
60 175
60 000
45 000
36 282
34 498
34 045
30 000
12 324
15 000 11 451
10 694
0
Others Commercial Industry Residential
2012 2013 2014
Figure 2.3 – Electricity consumption per type of customer. [4], [6], [7]
Along with the investment in energy generation facilities, in order to strengthen the electricity systems
and to provide electricity to non-electrified regions, investment in transmission and distribution lines is
needed. The development of the transmission is focused on strengthening the existing grid, as well as
interconnecting islands and establishing connections with neighboring countries when such investments
are feasible. On the other hand, distribution investment is focused on the improvement of electricity
supply quality, on the reduction of distribution losses and on the replacement of aged distribution lines.
The deterioration of the existent distribution network, due to the lack of maintenance, has caused
overloading and unreliability in energy supply in certain regions.
A compilation of several important characteristics of Indonesia’s electricity grid is tabled in Table 2.1
below, which includes the total installed capacity in the country, the peak load, the transmission and
distribution network lengths, the amount of energy sold to customers, the number of customers and the
electrification ratio (number of households with electricity to total number of households ratio),
between 2009 and 2014.
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Table 2.1 – Electricity statistics between 2009 and 2014. [4], [6], [7], [8], [9]
Analyzing the previously presented table, it is possible to see a clear growth in Indonesia’s electricity
sector. All the tabled factors have constantly grown between 2009 and 2014, of which it is important to
highlight the total installed capacity and the number of customers. An average growth of about
3.5 million customers per year implies significant investment in power generating facilities and in
transmission and distribution lines in order to supply the energy needed. In fact, while in Jawa and Bali
there is now enough generation to meet the power demand, shortfalls in electricity supply are often
experienced in Sumatera and East Indonesia, as well as in smaller energy systems. In these areas, where
the installed capacity does not have a large enough reserve margin, shortage in electricity supply results
in extensive use of diesel generating power plants and in blackouts.
According to the RUPTL [3], Indonesian electricity consumption is expected to more than double
between 2015 and 2024, with 464 TWh of energy consumption forecasted for 2024, as shown in Figure
2.4 below. This increase represents a yearly mean growth of 8.7% nationwide, although roughly 70% of
the total energy consumption is still related to the Jawa-Bali region.
The growth in power demand is, depending on the region considered, associated with different types of
costumers: while in Jawa-Bali the growth is mostly related to increase in industrial consumers’ power
demand, in Sumatera and East Indonesia this growth is due to the increase of electricity consumption by
residential customers, as depicted in Figure 2.5.
Short-term solutions to cope with the increase in electricity demand include renting generation capacity,
although it is also important to take into account the costs of the existing generation power plants. As
such, together with the necessity of satisfying the increasing demand, Indonesia aims to replace the use
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of diesel fuel for more cost-effective energy sources, with the development of renewable energy
projects being prioritized, where available, to supply local grids.
Figure 2.4 – Regional demand growth between 2015 and 2024. [3]
Figure 2.5 – Regional demand growth between 2015 and 2024 per type of customer (TWh). [3]
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Considering the increase in energy demand, from 219 TWh in 2015 to 464 TWh in 2024, related to an
estimated increase in the electrification ratio from 87.7% to 99.4%, PLN plans on adding 70.4 GW of
installed capacity until 2024. According to the RUPTL 2015-2024 [3], with the detailed yearly plan shown
in Figure 2.6, 21.4 GW shall be developed by PLN, 35.5 GW by IPPs and the remaining 13.5 GW are yet to
be decided.
19 320
Additional installed capacity (MW)
20 000
15 000
9 237
10 000
7 334
6 389 6 147
5 079 4 617
3 783 4 212 4 319
5 000
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
PLN IPP Unallocated
Figure 2.6 – Additional installed capacity per type of owner and operator. [3]
The plans to include this additional capacity are mainly based on the introduction of coal-fired power
plants, which account for almost 60% of the total planned additional capacity. Hydropower plants,
including SHP in isolated systems, will amount to 13.4% of the total value, followed by combined cycle
and geothermal power plants, with contributions of 13.0% and 6.8%, respectively. The information
relative to the amount of capacity added each year per type of technology is displayed graphically in
Figure 2.7 below.
19 620
Installed capacity (MW)
20 000
15 000
9 237
10 000
7 334
6 389 6 147
5 079 4 617
4 212 4 319
5 000 3 783
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Coal Hydro Combined Cycle Geothermal Gas Turbine/Gas Engine Others
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Indonesia’s investment in coal-fired power plants is particularly evident in 2019, with an increase of
more than 16 GW of installed capacity. Analyzing also Figure 2.6, it is possible to conclude that most of
the investment in coal-fired power plants is made by IPPs. Finally, it is possible to state that the
investment in Gas Turbine/Gas Engine and Combined Cycle power plants is only relevant until 2018.
After 2018, apart from the investments in coal-fired power plants, only investments in hydropower and
geothermal energy are substantial.
PLN has also prepared a development plan for New and Renewable Energy (EBT), where the
implementation of several types of renewable power plants are included, using hydropower, PV power
plants, biomass and wind energy, among others. Less conventional energy sources, such as ocean
energy and crude palm-oil are also planned to be developed. While crude palm oil power plants have
been already tested in Indonesia, harnessing the ocean’s energy will be done through pilot projects, as
the technology is not mature yet. Moreover, investment in technologies that aim to replace diesel
generation is also planned. These power plants consist mostly on gas-fired power plants, either gas
turbines, gas engines or combined cycle power plants, with the objective to decrease the operational
costs. Figure 2.8 shows the contribution of each type of power plant for the period between 2015 and
2024, totaling 3.4 GW of installed capacity. [3]
Installed capacity (MW)
4 000
38
250
3 000 321
385
400
2 000
435 3 371
1 000
1 542
0
Small hydro Biomass Wind Crude palm-oil Solar PV Diesel Ocean Total
replacement
Figure 2.8 – Development plan for New and Renewable Energy 2015-2024. [3]
To meet the power requirements during the period of 2015-2024, RUPTL [3] has also set a mid-period
target of installing 35 GW until the end of 2019, excluding 6.6 GW of projects which are already under
construction or have been commissioned meanwhile. According to the RUPTL 2015-2024 [3], aside from
those 6.6 GW, there are already 17 GW of committed projects and 18.8 GW of projects in the planning
stage. Every project until 2019 is already assigned: 18 GW assigned to PLN and 24.9 GW assigned to
IPPs, totaling 42.9 GW of new installed capacity between 2015 and 2019.
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The plan for the development of transmission and distribution lines until 2019 is also detailed in the
RUPTL [3]. Of the 45 396 km of total planned transmission lines, 9 035 km are 500 kV or 275 kV
transmission lines and 36 361 km are 150 kV or 70 kV transmission lines. Additionally, the development
of the transmission networks includes plans for 472 new transmission substations. The development
plans for the distribution networks comprise the addition of 82 210 km of distribution lines until 2019,
roughly 16 500 km of new distribution lines per year.
The plans until 2024 will cost a total of 132.2 USD billion, broken down as follows in Table 2.2, bearing in
mind that IPPs’ investment is related to generation only.
Table 2.2 – PLN and IPP investment between 2015 and 2024 (USD million). [3]
2.3 SULAWESI
The island of Sulawesi, the world’s 11th largest island, is separated in six administrative divisions or
provinces: Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Selatan and Sulawesi
Tenggara.
Sulawesi’s power generation by type of technology and per province is shown on Figure 2.9, where
major disparities are observed related to the installed capacity in each province – Sulawesi Barat’s 9 MW
of capacity contrasts with Sulawesi Selatan’s 1 746 MW, having almost two hundred times less capacity.
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Installed capacity (MW)
3 500
78 9 2 930
3 000 234
378
2 500
484
2 000 1 746
1 500
1 000
500
0
Sulawesi Selatan Sulawesi Tengah Sulawesi Utara Sulawesi Gorontalo Sulawesi Barat Total
Tenggara
Moreover, the province with the second highest installed capacity, Sulawesi Tengah, with 484 MW
already installed, considerably less than Sulawesi Selatan, where more than half of the island’s total
generation is installed. Finally, both in the previous figure and in Figure 2.10 below it is possible to
observe the predominance of diesel-based generation, followed by hydro and steam power plants. A
part of the diesel generation consists of rented power plants, totaling 513 MW of rented installed
capacity, which is half of the island’s total diesel-fueled generation.
2.7% 0.1%
6.2%
6.7% Diesel
34.5% Hydro
Steam Turbine
29.5%
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Regarding the island’s power transmission, PLN reports that Sulawesi Selatan is the province with the
most extensive transmission system, consisting of more than 2.2 thousand kilometers in transmission
lines. Of those, almost 95% are 150 kV lines, with the remaining having between 25 and 70 kV.
Additionally, it was reported that both Gorontalo and Sulawesi Barat only have 150 kV transmission
lines, while other provinces also have 25-30 kV and 70 kV transmission lines. Of all the provinces,
Sulawesi Tenggara is the one with the smallest transmission network, comprised only of 24 km of
transmission lines. [4]
Sulawesi’s distribution network consists of 38 936 km of MV lines and 36 801 km of LV lines. Once more,
Sulawesi Selatan has the most extensive distribution network, with more than 25 thousand kilometers
of distribution lines. On the other hand, Sulawesi Tenggara’s distribution system, which has
approximately 8 thousand kilometers, is more extensive than the one found in Sulawesi Barat, having
roughly 2.8 thousand kilometers. [4]
Furthermore, Sulawesi’s average electrification ratio is approximately 76.5%, ranging from 69.6% in
Sulawesi Utara to 85.1% in Sulawesi Tenggara. Sulawesi Selatan is the province with most customers,
accounting for almost half of the total 3.4 million customers in the island, of which most are residential
customers. [4]
Table 2.3 summarizes the status of Sulawesi’s power generation, transmission and distribution in 2014,
based on PLN’s 2015 statistics.
Table 2.3 – Electricity statistics in Sulawesi per province in 2014. [4]
The development plans for Sulawesi until 2025 are shown in Figure 2.11, where almost 5.9 GW of
projects are identified throughout the island. RUPTL separates Sulawesi in North and South, considering
the Norther part as the Sulbagut system, and the Southern part the as Sulbagsel system. [5]
In the north, 1.2 GW of new generation capacity are planned to be added until the end of 2024, mostly
consisting of coal-fired power plants, with 714 MW, but also gas, geothermal and hydro power plants,
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contributing with 350 MW, 120 MW and 42 MW, respectively. With the increase of coal-based
generation, as well as with the gradual replacement of diesel for gas and combined cycle power plants,
the use of oil for power generation is expected to be reduced. [5]
The south Sulawesi system development plan includes the integration of the Sulbagsel system, formed
by the integration of Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Tenggara and Sulawesi Selatan systems.
This is expected to balance existing deficits in Tengah’s and Tenggara’s systems, as there is a surplus in
power generation in Barat’s and Selatan’s systems. The development plans for the region aim to meet
the increasing power demand, planning on the installation of 4.6 GW until 2024. A strong bet on
hydropower, related to the potential of such resource in the island, is translated in the development of
2.1 GW of installed capacity during the period. Also, 1.2 GW and 1.1 GW of coal and gas-based power
plants are expected to be added, as well as 60 MW of geothermal energy. Development plans in south
Sulawesi also aim to interconnect sub-systems, as stated previously, including the connection of isolated
systems to the grid, with the development of the transmission system. Again, oil-based power
generation is expected to be reduced through the addition of other energy sources. This type of
generation is expected to be stopped by the end of 2019. [3], [5]
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Figure 2.11 – Development plans in Sulawesi between 2016 and 2025. [5]
The Maluku islands, an archipelago of approximately one thousand islands, were split in two provinces
in 1999: Maluku and Maluku Utara (North Maluku).
Based on PLN’s statistics in 2015 [4], both provinces relied almost exclusively on diesel-fueled power
plants, as shown in Figure 2.12, whether owned or rented by PLN. While Maluku Utara has a 100%
diesel-based system owned by PLN, totaling 48 MW, Maluku’s electricity is generated through 0.9 MW
of solar power plants and 294.2 MW of diesel generation, of which 146.7 MW are owned by PLN and the
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remaining 99.5 MW are rented. Also, there are no IPPs operating on either of the provinces. As such, in
the Maluku archipelago only 0.3% of the generation is non-diesel.
48 295.1
Installed capacity (MW)
300
247.1
200
100
0
Maluku Maluku Utara Total
PLN Diesel Rent Diesel PLN Solar
Figure 2.12 – Installed capacity in Maluku and Maluku Utara in 2014. [4]
The power plants in Maluku Utara are spread throughout the province, and most of the smaller systems
are connected directly to the 220 V low voltage network. Similarly, in Maluku the power generation
system consists mostly on scattered small diesel-fueled generation units connected to the low voltage
network, although there is also solar capacity installed.
Table 2.4 contains a summary of the relevant information about Maluku’s and Maluku Utara’s power
sector. In this table, it is possible to see that there is no transmission system in any province, as the
demand is mostly residential and fairly concentrated, with poorly developed systems in some islands.
The existing distribution networks total 5 738 km in Maluku and 3 670 km in Maluku Utara. Additionally,
every MV distribution line has between 15 and 20 kV, with only 4 of the 41 Indonesian regions
considered in PLN’s Statistics having MV lines with lower voltages. [4]
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Table 2.4 – Electricity statistics in Maluku and Maluku Utara in 2014. [4]
Maluku
Electricity consumption in Maluku is expected to increase almost threefold between 2016 and 2025.
Such projection leads to an urgent planning of additional capacity, as certain issues related to shortage
in power supply arise. Especially in Ambon, but also in other regions, power supply is inadequate and
still relies on diesel. The implementation of a non-oil power generation and a transmission system
remains the bottleneck in Maluku’s power sector development. [5]
Development plans in the region include not only the addition of new capacity, but also the reduction of
diesel dependence. To meet the power requirements, priority will be given to renewable energy
sources, such as hydro, geothermal and solar power plants. Additionally, the development of gas-fired
power plants is expected to assist in meeting the power demand, including a 30 MW power plant in
Ambon, expected to be operational by the end of 2017. A total of 535.8 MW are expected to be
installed in Maluku, as shown in Figure 2.13, where it is possible to observe the amount to be invested in
gas generation technologies. Additionally, diesel power plants will be built in the smallest and outermost
islands, to ensure a sufficient supply of electricity near the border. [5]
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Installed capacity (MW)
600
10 6 535.8
20
20
54.8
130
400
295
200
0
Gas Steam Hydro Geothermal Wind Solar Biomass Total
Turbine/Engine
Figure 2.13 – Power generation development plant in Maluku between 2016 and 2025 (RUPTL).
Along with the development of the power generation plants, 70 kV and 150 kV will be built in Maluku, to
supply power from the plants to the load center. During the period 2016-2025, a total of 663 km of
transmission lines will be built, of which 337 km and 326 km are 70 kV and 150 KV transmission lines,
respectively. The plans for power generation and transmission networks in the islands of Ambon, Seram
and Buru are shown in Figure 2.14 and Figure 2.15. The investment in the transmission system amounts
to approximately 96 USD million of the 896 USD million for Maluku’s power sector development. [5]
As for the distribution networks, their development is expected to connect around 154 thousand new
customers until 2025, with the addition of 2 246 km of distribution lines. This aims to increase the rural
electrification ratio, as well as to connect isolated systems with renewable generation potential that still
rely of diesel-based power generation. [5]
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Figure 2.14 – Development plans in Ambon and Seram between 2016 and 2025. [5]
Figure 2.15 – Development plans in Buru between 2016 and 2025. [5]
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Maluku Utara
The development plans for power generation, transmission and distribution in Maluku Utara aim to deal
with the increasing electricity needs in the province, and they envisage exploiting the potential of
primary energy in the region, taking into account the local geographical conditions.
These plans include the addition of 380 MW of new capacity, as seen in Figure 2.16, mostly based on gas
turbine and gas engine power plants, but also including steam turbines, geothermal energy and solar
power plants. As non-oil power plants are still being developed in Maluku Utara, mobile dual fuel power
plants, using both gas and diesel, will be used in the short-term to avoid power deficits in the system.
These dual fuel power plants will also be used in scattered islands to guarantee power supply and,
together with the optimization of geothermal energy systems, small-scale power plants will be gradually
replaced. Finally, given the strategic importance of islands bordering with neighboring countries, power
generation in those regions will be developed so as to ensure sufficient supply. [5]
Installed capacity (MW)
400
200
0
Gas Turbine/Engine Steam Geothermal Solar Total
Figure 2.16 – Power generation development plant in Maluku Utara between 2016 and 2025. [5]
As shown in Figure 2.17, there is also a transmission system planned to be developed in Maluku Utara,
specifically in the island of Halmahera. This network is particularly intended to connect geothermal
power plants to the load centers. Given the distance between them, 436 km of a 150 kV transmission
line will be constructed, including submarine lines. Of the total 710 USD million required for the power
sector development, 64 USD million are related to investment in transmission networks. [5]
The development of the distribution network in Maluku Utara is intended to connect 107 thousand new
customers until 2025, while connecting the islands that have renewable and cheap energy potential to
nearby islands where such potential does not exist. The plans for electricity distribution development
include 1 429 km of distribution lines. [5]
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Figure 2.17 – Development plans in Halmahera between 2016 and 2025. [5]
2.5 NTT
Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) is an Indonesian province consisting of 566 islands. The most significant
regions are the islands of Flores and Sumba, and the western part of Timor Island.
As observed in Figure 2.18, NTT’s power sector is dominated by diesel generation, as almost 82% of the
289.1 MW installed by the end of 2014 was fueled by diesel. The remaining 52.4 MW consist mostly on
steam and geothermal power plants, with a smaller share of hydro, solar and wind power generation
systems. Due to the large share of diesel used to generate power, the electricity production costs in NTT
are high. [4]
Additionally, only 3.6 MW of the installed capacity in NTT are owned and operated by IPPs, with PLN
owning and operating 195.6 MW and renting the remaining 89.7 MW. [4]
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Some of the generation plants operate separately, using 20 kV MV lines, while some smaller systems,
especially diesel-based ones, supply power directly at 220 V. Solar power generation, through the use of
solar home systems, is mainly used to supply electricity in isolated regions, far from the urban centers,
where the load demand is still small. [4], [5]
Diesel
13.8 Steam
Geothermal
236.7 52.4 3.6
Hydro
33.0 2.0
Solar
0.1
Wind
Although PLN reports that by the end of 2014 there were no transmission lines in NTT in their 2015
Statistics report [4], 70 kV transmission lines in some systems are mentioned in the later RUPTL
2016-2025 [5]. Considering the distribution networks, a total of 13 121 km of distribution lines are
already operating, of which 6 024 km are MV and 7 097 km are LV distribution lines. [4]
Table 2.5 contains a summary of the power sector in NTT by the end of 2014. It is important to mention
that NTT’s electrification ratio in 2014, 58.9%, was the lowest provincial electrification ratio in all
Indonesia, behind Sulawesi Barat’s 66.8%, the second lowest ratio.
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NTT
Installed capacity (MW) 289.1
PLN (MW) 195.6
IPPs (MW) 3.8
Rented (MW) 89.7
Transmission lines (km) 0
Distribution lines (km) 13 121
MV (km) 6 024
LV (km) 7 097
Number of customers 618 330
Electrification ratio 58.9%
In order to satisfy the increasing power demand in the province, to further electrify the region, and to
reduce diesel fuel dependence, so as to reduce operational costs, new power generation capacity is
planned to be installed in NTT between 2016 and 2025.
As Figure 2.19 shows, power generation addition comprises 736.5 MW of installed capacity, primary
constituted by steam and gas-based power plants, but also with geothermal power plants playing an
important role. The remaining generation is planned to be from renewable technologies, including solar,
wind, hydro and biomass power plants.
Installed capacity (MW)
800
19.5 14 736.5
20
30
110
600
270
400
273
200
0
Steam Gas Geothermal Solar Wind Hydro Biomass Total
Figure 2.19 – Power generation development plant in NTT between 2016 and 2025. [5]
Similarly to what is being done in other Indonesian regions, in order to avoid short-term power deficits
in some of the systems with increasing power needs, dual fuel power plants are also being considered.
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For example, to overcome this problem in Kupang, a 40 MW dual fuel power plant, using both gas and
diesel, is expected to be operational in 2017. Where renewable potential is available, power generation
from renewable energy sources is being prioritized. In Flores, an island with great geothermal potential,
100 MW in geothermal power plants are planned to be installed, of the total 110 MW in NTT. [5]
Once more, given the relevance of power supply near the borders to maintain the Republic’s integrity,
additional capacity in Timor will be considered as needed. In addition to this, as an effort to provide
reliable power near the border with Timor Leste, PLN will cooperate with Timor Leste’s utility, EDTL,
which may include the connection of both countries distribution networks near the border. [5]
The development of NTT’s power sector also comprises a transmission development plan in the three
major islands, with 70 kV and 150 kV transmission lines expected to be built in Flores, Timor and Sumba,
as is shown in Figure 2.20, Figure 2.21 and Figure 2.22, respectively. The transmission system will be
constructed in harmony with the development of power plants scattered on the islands, with a total of
1 924 km of transmission lines planned. This entails an investment of approximately 284 USD million in
transmission, from the total required investment of 1 667 USD million. [5]
Finally, to support the addition of about 694 thousand new customers, 7 225 km of distribution lines are
planned to be added in NTT, with 20 kV distribution lines, as well as well as low voltage distribution
lines. [5]
Figure 2.20 – Development plans in Flores between 2016 and 2025. [5]
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Figure 2.21 – Development plans in Timor between 2016 and 2025. [5]
Figure 2.22 – Development plans in Sumba between 2016 and 2025. [5]
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3.1 CONTEXT
Access to electricity is a key factor for the development of a country and its population, as it provides
light, heat and power for productive uses and communication, among others. With a worldwide
increase in power demand, and Indonesia, as seen before, being no exception, sustainably increasing
power generation sources is crucial. In this context, SHP arises as a renewable and sustainable
alternative for power generation. Additionally, their low energy cost provides a cost-effective solution
for regions where grid-connection is not yet feasible, while cutting down the high carbon emissions of
the commonly-used diesel generators.
In this chapter, the SHP role in power generation is reviewed and analyzed, taking into account the
Indonesian context. Firstly the legal framework concerning the planning and developing of SHP plants is
thoroughly examined. The following section includes the study of strengths and weaknesses of using
SHP plants, focusing their use in isolated systems. Lastly, the challenges pointed out in the previous
sections are studied and possible solutions are suggested in the last section.
The Electricity sector is regulated by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) and its sub-
agencies – the Directorate General of Electricity (Direktorat Jenderal Ketenagalistrikan) and the
Directorate General of New and Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (Direktorat Jenderal Energi
Baru, Terbarukan Dan Konservasi Energi).
According to the Electricity Law No. 30/2009, electricity development shall aim to guarantee the
availability of power at adequate quantity, good quality, and reasonable price to improve public welfare
and prosperity in a just and distributive manner as well as to realize sustainable development.
Energy policy objectives are based on the Presidential Decree No. 5 of 2006 on National Energy Policy
(Kebijakan Energi Nasional – KEN) and its Blueprint of National Energy Management 2005-2025
(Pengelolaan Energi Nasional – PEN).
The 2005-2025 National Energy Blueprint specifies 500 MW on grid and 330 MW off grid targets for
small scale hydropower energy production.
The MEMR is responsible for developing the electricity master plan (RUKN – Rencana Umum
Ketenagalistrikan Nasional) which sets out, amongst others, a ten year estimate of the power demand
and supply, the investment and funding policy, and the approach to the utilization of new and
renewable energy resources. RUKN is reviewed annually and is the source for the Electrification
Development Program (RUPTL – Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik) and Regional General Plan
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of Electricity (RUKD – Rencana Umum Ketenagalistrikan Daerah). The current RUKN is for the period
2016-2035.
RUPTL constitutes the official ten year power development plan prepared by PLN with MEMR approval.
The RUPTL contains demand forecasts, future expansion plans, energy production, and fuel
requirements and indicated which projects will be developed by PLN and IPP investors. As RUKN, RUPTL
is also reviewed annually. The current RUPTL is for the decade 2016-2025.
The bidding process for new capacity is generally on a competitive basis, in line with the private sector
participation according to Perpres No. 67/2005 and amended by Perpres No. 13/2010. However, for the
renewable energy projects, Direct Appointment is a common practice in the sector. The process usually
undertaken for small hydropower IPP direct appointment method is presented in Figure 3.1.
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PROPOSAL
- KKO , KKF, AR
- PRE QUALIFICATION
DATA EVALUATION
DIRECT APPOINTMENT
PERMIT
REQUEST PUBLIC
ELECTRICITY PROVIDER DIRECT APPOINTMENT SEND TO PLN REGION
PERMIT (IUPTL) TEMPORARY
A
PUBLIC ELECTRICITY
PROVIDER PERMIT (IUPTL)
TEMPORARY
PRICE EVALUATION
Yes
FIT
04 / 2012
No
PRICE ESTIMATION
NEGOTIATION
No
GM AUTHORITY BOD PRINCIPAL PERMIT
Yes
PPA
FC
REQUEST PUBLIC ELECTRICITY
PROVIDER PERMIT (IUPTL)
COMMERCIAL OPERTION DATE
(COD)
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The developer submits its proposal to the PLN regional office for Pre-qualification with its operational
and financial feasibility study and risk assessment. The PLN regional office sends the direct appointment
permit proposal to the PLN central office (PLN Pusat), whom through DivEBT makes a data evaluation
and forwards the direct appointment permit proposal to the MEMR for his approval.
If direct appointment permit is approved, PLN’s regional office starts the process of price evaluation.
Currently SHP may benefit from the feed-in tariff (FiT). In that case, the process avoids the price
negotiation and runs directly to approval, from the region or the Board of Directors, depending on the
amount of investment.
On 29 June 2015, the MEMR issued a new FiT regulation for hydropower projects with a capacity up to
10 MW (SHP). Regulation No. 19 of 2015 on Power Purchase from Hydro Power Plants with a Capacity
up to 10 MW by PLN replaces MEMR Regulation No. 12 of 2014 as amended by MEMR Regulation
No. 22 of 2014.
Reg. 19 suggests that the intention of the new FiT regulation is to accelerate development of SHP to
attract more investment by local and foreign investors. The previous Reg. 12, featuring Rupiah-based
tariffs, has been criticized by the industry as having been set too low, particularly considering the
continued depreciation of the Rupiah against the US Dollar and the necessary equipment. So the recent
move by Government to set the tariffs in US Dollar terms, Table 3.1, and generally increase tariff levels,
will hopefully increase investment in the sector.
It should be stressed that all SHP tariffs are set out in US Dollar but the payment of the invoice by PLN
will be made in Indonesian Rupiah based on Bank Indonesia middle exchange rate at 11.00 West
Indonesia Time one day prior to the invoice date.
After the financial close of the PPA, the developer must request an Electricity Business License (IUPTL –
Izin Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik). A business license must be granted before an entity can supply
electrical power or run an electrical power-supporting business. In this sense, a business license to
supply electricity for public use is required. The IUPTL must be required by the IPP and it is issued by the
Central Government. Otherwise, the IPP may only sell power to PLN (already an owner of an IUPTL).
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Apart from the licenses and requirements from the electric sector, the additional required licenses for
SHP development in Indonesia are long. From the meetings held during the assignment, it was
mentioned that all the required processes, the different length, agencies, the different concessional
durations are considered obstacles to hydropower development.
The list of the identified official licenses is presented in Table 3.2.
Required Licenses
Of those it should be highlighted that the environmental and forest licenses are the most critical
licensing processes, and are better described in the following subchapters.
Additionally, it is also worth mentioning the Principle License that is a mandatory document for
companies looking to establish a new business. As a mandatory document, the Principle License is a
prerequisite for the securing of other licenses, permits, and non-permits from both central and local
governments.
The Head of the Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM – Badan Koordinasi Penanaman
Modal) recently issued Regulation No. 14 of 2015 on the Guidelines and Procedures for Principle
Investment Licensing (“2015 Regulation”). As a part of President Joko Widodo’s economic-policy
packages, the 2015 Regulation simplifies the procedure for the securing of a Principle License (izin
prinsip) for investment activities.
Prior to the 2015 Regulation, these procedures were regulated under Head of BKPM Regulation No. 5 of
2013 on the Guidelines and Procedures for Investment Licenses and Non-Licenses, as amended by
Regulation No. 12 of 2013 (“2013 Regulation”). The 2015 Regulation is of relevance to investment
companies, as well as to the officials who will be supervising the One-Stop Integrated Services (PTSP –
Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu) procedures for principle licenses across all levels and areas (central,
provincial, regency/municipality, free-trade areas and free markets, as well as special-economic zones).
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Moreover, the local governments stated when visited that the regional offices are still adjusting to this
new law and that for the moment it is very confusing who is in charge of what in the licensing process.
For this reason, no principle licenses are currently being issued, since the regency’s offices don’t have
the power to license and the provincial offices are still adjusting to the new legislation.
On February 23, 2012, the Government of Indonesia issued Government Regulation No. 27 of 2012
regarding Environmental Permits (“GR 27/2012”).
GR 27/2012 is an implementing regulation of the recent 2009 Environmental Law (Law No. 32 of
2009) and revokes Government Regulation No. 27 of 1999 (“GR 27/1999”) which previously regulated
two types of environmental reporting and compliance for companies operating in Indonesia: an
Environmental Impact Analysis Report (“AMDAL”) and an Environmental Management/Monitoring
Efforts Report (“UKL – UPL”).
The aim of GR 27/2012 is to provide greater legal certainty for businesses in terms of environmental
licensing while ensuring the protection and management of the natural environment.
The key requirement of the new regulation is the environmental permit. The idea of an Environmental
Permit was initially introduced by the 2009 Environmental Law, but has not been implemented until
now. In brief, any business which currently requires either an AMDAL or an UKL-UPL also requires an
environmental permit.
The environmental permit is also a requirement for obtaining a business permit. In the event the
Environmental Permit is revoked, the business permit will also be cancelled.
Under GR 27/2012, companies must still apply for and receive approval of an AMDAL or UKL – UPL. As
an additional requirement, companies must now also apply for an environmental permit. Both the
environmental permit and AMDAL or UKL – UPL approval should be issued on the same day.
An environmental permit shall report the requirements and obligations which have been stated in the
approval of the AMDAL or UKL – UPL. Additional requirements may be added as stipulated by the issuing
authority (e.g. Minister of Environmental Affairs, Governors, or Regents/Mayors).
The type of business plans and/or activities that must have an AMDAL are indicated in State Ministry of
Environment Regulation No.11/2006. Table 3.3 presents those related with electricity and energy
utilization.
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Table 3.3 - Electricity and energy utilization activities needed to conduct an AMDAL.
NO ACTIVITY SCALE
1 Construction of the transmission network > 150 kV
2 Development ≥ 100 MW
a. PLTD / Gas Power Plant / Power Plant / Combined Cycle (in one location)
Power Plant
b. Development PLTP (geothermal development) ≥ 55 MW
c. Hydroelectric Development by:
- High dam, or ≥ 15 m
- Areas of inundation, or ≥ 200 ha
- Installed capacity ≥ 50 MW
d. Construction of power plants from other species (such as:
OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conservation), Solar, Wind, ≥ 10 MW
Biomass, Peat, etc.).
In terms of SHP (under 10 MW), the developments under 15 m and with inundation reservoir area under
200 ha will not need to conduct AMDAL. This will allow to effectively speed-up the implementation of
the SHP projects, as the procedures for AMDAL can be very time consuming.
Figure 3.2 describes the AMDAL procedures based on the GR 27/2012.
According to the State Ministry of Environment Decree No.8/2006 the necessary documents for the
AMDAL are:
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The AMDAL committee is established to review the AK-ANDAL, ANDAL, RKL and RPL for the proposed
project. The Committee will be established by approval authorities such as Minister of Environment,
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Governor and Mayer decided depending on the size of the proposed project. According to GR 27/2012,
the AMDAL committee consists of following members.
Representative from environmental institution;
Representative from technical institution;
Expert in the kind of effort and/or activity studied;
Expert in the impacts that may occur from effort and/or activity studied;
Representative from community to be effected by the impact; and
Representative from Non-Governmental Environmental Organization.
The AMDAL committee is also classified into the central, provincial and district depending on the
category and size of the proposed project. The State Ministry of Environment Decree No.5/2008
indicates the responsible AMDAL committee for each category and/or size of the proposed project as
follows:
Central AMDAL Committee: assess business and / or activities located in more than one area of
the province; in the territory dispute with another country;
Provincial AMDAL Committee: assess business and / or activities located in more than one
district / city and/or in cross-district / city; and
District AMDAL Committee: assess business and / or activities located in single district.
An environmental management efforts and environment monitoring efforts (UKL-UPL) is required for
projects or activities smaller than those requiring an AMDAL. In principle, the AMDAL is a study of the
potential significant impact of the proposed business activity on the environment, while the UKL-UPL
covers monitoring and management efforts undertaken for business activities which are not likely to
have significant impact on the environment.
Unlike AMDAL, a UKL-UPL is not a formal certificate, and does not include conditions requiring the
applicant to mitigate impacts – it simply requires that a narrower list of environmental impacts be
considered in the decision making process.
Forests in Indonesia are classified into three major types depending on the functions and objectives, as
production forest (Hutan Produksi), protection forest (Hutan Lindung) and conservation forest (Hutan
Konservasi) according to the Article 6 in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 41 of 1999. Production
forest is defined as the forest area where production of forest products is sought for. Protection forest is
the forest area having the main function to sustain water resources, to prevent flood, erosion, water
intrusion and to maintain land fertility. Conservation forest is the forest area which the principle
function is to conserve bio-diversity and ecosystem.
The Utilization of forest area by development activities beside forestry production is only allowed in
production forests and protection forests in accordance with the Article 38 in the Law of the Republic of
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Indonesia No. 41 of 1999. Therefore, it’s not allowed to explore conservation forests for other purpose
than forestry production. The additional development activities possible beside forestry production are
defined in the Republic of Indonesia’s Forestry Minister Regulation No.16 of 2014, and listed in the
following table.
Table 3.4 – Utilization of forest areas by development activities beside forestry production, P.16/Menhut-II/2014.
3.3.1 CONTEXT
Renewable energy sources can be used to help countries meet their sustainable development targets,
through the provision of clean, secure and affordable energy. These factors stimulated an intensive
addition of renewable capacity that is still on-going, with tens of gigawatts of wind, hydropower and
solar PV capacity being added every year [10]. According to a 2015 IRENA report [11], the largest source
of renewable generation for mini-grids is SHP systems (1-10MW).
The deployment of renewable energy technologies in off-grid systems is growing steadily, stimulated by
the decline in costs and the increase in efficiency of small hydro, solar PV and wind energy systems,
together with cost reductions and technological improvements in electricity storage and control
systems. Off-grid energy systems are required to connect a vast number of people in regions where grid
connection is not economically feasible or geographically constrained. Particularly, power distribution in
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Indonesia is subject to geographical constrains associated mainly to the number of islands that it
comprises and to the extension of the country. Moreover, isolated systems based on renewable
energies provide local communities with local, clean and cost-effective energy sources, reducing both
the generation costs and the polluting emissions associated to the use of diesel gensets. However, every
type of system has strengths and weaknesses, and SHP are no exception.
It is also important to state that although SHP plants contain most of the defining characteristics of
Medium and Large Hydro Power plants, since the principles of how the resource is harnessed are the
same, social and environmental impacts of larger schemes are not as aggravated. This is especially true
in run-of-river power plants, where there is little or no water storage, as in most cases only a small dam
is built.
3.3.2 STRENGTHS
1. SHP has often the lowest LCOE for electricity generation. An IRENA’s report [11] states that SHP
is frequently presented as the cheapest technology for rural electrification where hydro
resources exist, even when considering its substantial investment costs. Lower energy prices not
only benefit the residential consumers, by providing them access to affordable electricity, but
also stimulate commercial and industrial competition, with the reduction of operational costs.
SHP costs are mostly related to its initial investment, particularly in civil works, but also in
electrical connections, in case the power plant is distant from the demand center. In remote
projects, electrical connection costs dominated the total LCOE, while infrastructure and logistical
costs contributed more in sites far from existing infrastructure.
2. There is no need for fuel. SHP is a renewable energy source, harnessing the kinetic energy of
moving water, requiring no fuel for power generation. This not only implies a significant
reduction in operational costs, as there are no fuel imports, but also that such costs are not
dependent on volatile fuel prices. Considering Indonesia’s reliance on diesel-based generation,
particularly high in electrical systems farther from Jawa-Bali such as Sulawesi, Maluku and NTT,
using renewable energy sources may allow considerable savings.
3. SHP is a clean and environmentally-friendly energy source. Along with the lack of need for fuel,
the substitution of conventional energy sources, such as diesel, with renewable energies like
SHP, allows the replacement of highly polluting sources of energy for clean ones, thus helping in
the reduction of CO2 emissions, contributing to climate change mitigation. Moreover, SHP plants
can usually harness the renewable energy with minimal alteration of the environment, which is
especially true in run-of-river power plants, where the inundated area required is not as
large. [12]
4. Its construction can and should be aligned with local communities’ interests. An effective way
to mitigate possible social and environmental impacts of hydropower is to develop hydropower
plants in such a way that it is aligned with the interests of the affected communities, allowing a
smoother process and strengthening relationships between the community and the project. The
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3.3.3 WEAKENESSES
1. Power production is highly seasonal. Seasonal variations in water supply directly affect power
generated in SHP plants. Consequently, during the dry-season there is usually less water
available, and the plant may not generate power at its rated capacity. This requires advance
planning to ensure adequate energy generation throughout the year and generally implies the
need for backup generation, as thermal power plants. SHP plants with little or no reservoirs are
further dependent on the availability of the resource, having no ability for energy storage. SHP
energy generation is also highly vulnerable to extreme weather phenomena, such as droughts,
that greatly reduce the plant’s production, or floods, which might compromise the integrity of
the structure. [13], [14]
2. In-depth feasibility studies are required. SHP plant development requires knowledge of the
geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of the site, so as to obtain reliable predictions
of the availability and time distribution of the flow rates. As such, the assessment of a
hydropower project relies heavily on the quantity and quality of basic information and historical
data. Weak feasibility studies may have negative impacts on the project quality and efficiency,
possibly leading to costly design corrections and maintenance problems. On addition to this,
feasibility studies should take into account their impact downstream, as a power plant upstream
may render unfeasible a more attractive project in a downstream location. [14]
3. The power plant size is constrained by both the location and the demand. On the one hand, in
order to produce electricity a site with good hydro potential is necessary. Moreover, the power
plant capacity cannot exceed the site’s resource potential. On the other hand, taking into
account the situation for isolated grids, the plant capacity is further constrained by the energy
demand, which can negatively affect the feasibility of the SHP plant as the cost of electricity
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In order to mitigate the consequences of the weaknesses identified previously, it is necessary to point
out courses of action that can be followed. Not taking into account such limitations may affect the good
operation of SHP generation systems, possibly compromising their inherent advantages.
UNIDO’s “Projects for the Promotion of Small Hydropower for Productive Use” report [14] provides an
example of what may occur in cases where best practices or risk-mitigation strategies are overlooked.
That example takes place in Nias, Indonesia, where a SHP plant financed by post-crisis funds was
installed in 2008. Its installation aimed to provide a rural community in Nias with environmentally
sound, affordable and adequate electricity, which was expected to have positive social impacts and to
stimulate productive use and income-generating activities.
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However, when the project was later evaluated, the power plant was not operating. Each targeted
house had installed its own load management system, exceeding the load capacity of the power plant,
shutting it down each time it was turned on. The lack of agreement between users resulted in a
continuous shut down of the power plant. According to what was found by the evaluation team, several
hindering factors promoted this. To begin with, households were not adequately involved and
consulted. The local entity in charge of the operation was not trusted by the community. There was no
criteria defining how the limited supply of electricity should be distributed, or to which end it should be
allocated. This resulted in a lack of sense of ownership from the community, subsequently affecting
minor repairs that were needed and that could have been performed by locals, even though the project
document had foreseen the need to involve the local community in operating and maintaining the SHP.
Meanwhile, additional funds were released to mobilize the community to take over and operate the SHP
and to deliver income-generation equipment (mill, sewing machines, etc.). In conclusion, future projects
of the sort should ensure from the start that the targeted community is mobilized and ready to operate
and maintain the power plant, and that they agree on how the electricity will be shared.
Taking the above example into account, each weakness and challenge identified previously is addressed
and possible solutions are suggested, so as to diminish the inherent risks.
1. Power production is highly seasonal.
Seasonal variations in power production are related to water availability, and so during the dry
season hydropower resources are usually limited, limiting this way the firm power. To begin
with, it is necessary that this variation is properly assessed, in order to optimize the SHP plant’s
design according to the existing conditions and to ensure there is energy generation throughout
the whole year. This might not be a problem if the power plant’s size is limited by power
demand, and its rated capacity is near the minimum flow capacity. If otherwise, additional
generation will be needed, in which case the technical and economic feasibility of hybrid systems
should be analyzed. Such systems can use other renewables as solar or wind energy. Solar
energy, for instance, presents the opposite seasonal variations from hydropower, generating
more energy during dry months and less energy in the rainy season. Since using a
fully-renewable system might not be cost efficient, in most cases thermal power plants are used
as backup. In isolated grid systems with low energy demand, this usually means having
diesel-fueled power generation units, despite their high operation costs. [11], [14]
2. In-depth feasibility studies are required.
In order to better assess a site’s potential, as well as technical parameters that affect its
efficiency, feasibility studies are necessary. The weakness of such studies may have negative
consequences on the project and lead to costly corrections during the project execution. It is also
desirable to have historical records of river flows and other meteorological data. Each study
should be performed by experts, guaranteeing this way the accuracy of the results. In an initial
phase, gathering data from existing weather stations in the area, as well as using satellite or
other available data sources, might shorten the necessary time to evaluate a specific site. A key-
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factor to promote these studies’ effectiveness is the communication between the evaluation
team and the local or national authorities, whose access to such data is probably
easier. [12], [13]
3. The power plant size is constrained by both the location and the demand.
Given that these constraints are applicable to almost every local energy generation source, the
most important solution is to thoroughly assess the site’s potential, as well as perform demand
studies that evaluate not only the current power demand, but that also forecast future power
consumption. Analyzing both the supply and demand sides, it is possible to optimize the SHP
plant capacity and to develop the project feasibly, in case the project is, of course, feasible.
Nonetheless, as stated before, the site’s limited potential may not be a constraint if the demand
is low. [15]
4. Hydropower is paid upfront and there may exist several constraints beforehand.
Similarly to solar and wind energy, the initial investment in a SHP plant is what contributes the
most for the total cost. Several mechanisms can stimulate the investment in SHP, such as
national government’s support programs, or access to grants and concessional financing from
international organizations and development partners, in order to assist local communities with
higher initial cost projects. A fresh look at the policies might assist in overcoming barriers for the
development of SHP projects, considering not only the financing mechanisms, tariffs and
subsidies, but also the sector’s regulation and its whole legal framework, concerning concessions
and permit acquisition, among others. To further improve the effectiveness of such projects, a
strong central planning is required, with an efficient integration of power generation and
transmission planning at regional and national levels, so as to identify clearly institutional
responsibilities and to allocate adequate resources. [11], [13]
5. SHP plants have negative impacts on the environment and local communities.
The definition of proper mitigation strategies for environmental and social impacts of SHP plants
begins with studies and assessments, with clear and minimum requirements established for such
evaluations. For example, the assessment of social impacts is, in general, limited to a vague
description, where affected populations are not adequately identified or quantified. As such, a
strong environmental and social framework in needed to ensure the sustainable development of
hydropower through quality studies and consultation processes with adequate budgeting.
Finally, the integration of SHP plants with existing infrastructures, or its development aligned
with the interests of the local communities such as water pumping and irrigation, are effective
ways to reduce the impacts both on the environment and on the local population. [12], [13]
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4.1 CONTEXT
The following chapter presents the update of the list of already identified potential for SHP in NTT,
Maluku, Maluku Utara, and Sulawesi.
The original list is taken from the comprehensive list of projects identified for the national map
(presented in the accompanying Small Hydropower Mapping Report), mostly collected in central
authorities and major stakeholders in Jakarta, and was complemented by site visits to all major wilayahs
in the in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara, and Sulawesi regions to find local knowledge and interests from
private investors.
The collection of SHP data was the most important and challenging assignment of Activity 1.
The SHP data was gathered from the RUPTL 2013-2022, Hydro Inventory Study – 1997, IPP’s requests,
PLN’s own feasibility studies and from the Consultant’s own internal knowledge SHP database with
almost 2700 projects identified in total.
The data collection assignment is reported in detail on the accompanying Small Hydropower Mapping
Report.
In brief, the projects were collected from RUPTL, Hydro Inventory Study from 1997, IPP and PLN
Feasibility Studies, PLN New and Renewable Energy Department and the Consultant’s own internal
knowledge SHP database. In order to merge those lists while removing duplicates it was necessary to
have especial attention to projects with different characteristics on the same location. On those cases if
the overall project characteristics were too different, mainly the output power, it was decided to keep
both projects in the same location given that they should have different schemes for the same location.
[16] [17]
After a thorough analysis it was possible to eliminate approximately 700 duplicate projects while
merging projects, resulting on a final comprehensive compilation list of 2000 entries.
It should be stressed that 33 of those projects are located in East-Timor, former Indonesian territory
that has gained independence as sovereign nation since the initial Hydropower Master Plan of 1997.
Those projects were gathered from PLN’s archives and for that reason were kept on the database, but
will be excluded of any further analysis. Also, 4 projects don’t have information regarding the installed
capacity, which is essential for any basic analysis.
On the other hand, from the remaining 1963 projects, 176 were not possible to locate geographically
(just stating the province where they are located). Although all 1963 projects were analyzed, these 176
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projects were not included on the maps of findings of the next subchapter for not having the necessary
coordinates.
The compiled data corresponds to a total of 88 GW between 1963 hydropower projects. Table 4.1 and
Figure 4.1 present the distribution of the hydropower projects per island and wilayah.
GW
100
90 1 1 9 0 0 1 1 1 1 88
6
80 4 14 0
10
70 11 17
60 1
6
50 23 23
40
30
5 23
20 5 1
8 0 3
10
1
-
SUMATERA
MALUKU
NUSATENGAGARA
PAPUA
KALIMANTAN
JAWA
WRKR
DISJABAR
WILNTT
WILACEH
WILSUMBAR
SUMATERA
WILNTB
WILMMU
GRAND TOTAL
WILBABEL
WILSUMUT
WILPPB
WILKALTIMRA
KALIMANTAN
SULAWESI
DISBALI
WS2JB
DISBANTEN
DISJATIM
MALUKU
WILKALBAR
WILKALSELTENG
TENGGARA
DISLAMPUNG
WILSULSELRABAR
WILSULUTTENGGO
DISJATENG
SULAWESI
NUSA
Figure 4.1 – Distribution of hydropower projects per Island and Wilayah.
Table 4.1 – Distribution of the hydropower projects per Island and Wilayah.
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It can be seen that this database includes not only SHP but also Large Hydro Projects (LHP), since in
average the projects on the database have more than 40 MW. This wasn’t considered fully inhibiting at
the outset since even a hydropower project that was initially thought as LHP may in some cases be
downsized to SHP. However, caution is advised, since it may not be feasible to install power capacity far
from the optimal design (since the energy costs might be too high). Even so, less than 1000 projects on
the database are SHP with a total capacity of 4 GW, while LHP reaches 84 GW, Figure 4.2.
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GW
100
SHP - Acumulated Capacity (GW)
90
LHP - Acumulated Capacity (GW)
80
SHP - Number of projects
70
60 LHP - Number of projects 937
50
40 257
30 400
96
50 188 241
20 2 84 43 43 40 91 97 140 1 026
53 70 88 128
19 2 35 198 198 15 16 9 151 86 90 84 77
10 126 0 54 15 52 20 31 40 40
14 96 79 12 60 8 43 23 14 17 24 25 25
10 2 5
-
KALIMANTAN
JAWA
SUMATERA
SULAWESI
WILACEH
WRKR
PAPUA
WILNTT
WILNTB
WILMMU
GRAND TOTAL
WILBABEL
WILSUMBAR
DISJABAR
WILSUMUT
WILPPB
WILKALTIMRA
KALIMANTAN
DISBALI
MALUKU
WS2JB
DISBANTEN
DISJATIM
WILKALBAR
WILKALSELTENG
TENGGARA
DISLAMPUNG
WILSULSELRABAR
WILSULUTTENGGO
DISJATENG
PAPUA
MALUKU
NUSA TENGGARA
NUSA
Figure 4.2 – Distribution of Large (LHP) and Small (SHP) hydro per Island and Wilayah.
Proceeding with the SHP analysis, it should be stressed that more than half of SHP are located on
Sumatera or Jawa Islands with almost 500 projects and a total capacity of more than 2 GW. In terms of
average capacity, Sumatera and Kalimantan have the highest capacity per SHP with more than 5 MW.
Given the type of feed-in-tariff (FiT) implemented by the Government it was expected the collection of
more projects near the 10 MW limit, but since that’s not the case, it is possible that the majority of the
gathered SHP are designed considering the optimal solution in terms of Cost/Production. Sumatera
Island does not only presents the highest number of projects and average capacity per SHP, as also
naturally presents the highest total capacity with more than 1.3 GW. All this analysis can be easily seen
in Figure 4.3 and Table 4.2.
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GW
5
PAPUA
WILNTB
WILMMU
WILACEH
WILBABEL
DISJABAR
WILSUMBAR
WILSUMUT
SUMATERA
WILKALTIMRA
KALIMANTAN
SULAWESI
JAWA
DISBALI
WILNTT
TOTAL
MALUKU
WILPPB
DISBANTEN
WILKALBAR
WILKALSELTENG
DISLAMPUNG
WS2JB
WILSULSELRABAR
DISJATIM
KALIMANTAN
DISJATENG
TENGGARA
WILSULUTTENGGO
PAPUA
MALUKU
TENGAGARA
JAWA
SULAWESI
GRAND TOTAL
GRAND
NUSA
NUSA
Figure 4.3 – Distribution of SHP per Island and Wilayah.
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DISLAMPUNG 19 60
WILACEH 53 269
WILBABEL 2 1
WILSUMBAR 50 240
WILSUMUT 96 557
WRKR 2 18
WS2JB 35 169
Grand Total 937 3 959
Still on SHP, there are a large number of entries without any information regarding the status of the
project and even if they had it, they could just be outdated. For instance 85% of the projects don’t have
such data, corresponding to more than 3 GW, Table 4.3. Project’s developer information suffers from a
similar situation as more than 40% of SHP don´t have indication of even the developer’s type (IPP or
PLN), Table 4.4. Even so, from the identified 386 SHP under IPP responsibility it was possible to collect in
250 of them the name of the company in charge. The SHP IPP’s request list by island is presented in the
accompanying Small Hydropower Mapping Report, with indication of the project’s capacity and status.
Completed 83 285
PPA 6 37
Under Construction 51 271
Unknown 797 3 366
Grand Total 937 3 959
While it is comprehensive for the type of developer to be unknown at a study level, since it may be
unspecified at that stage, the unknown status of a project should naturally correspond to some study
level, although this is not certain - especially since some sources were databases that may not be up-to-
date.
Finally, bearing in mind PLN’s past SHP strategy it was expected for the vast majority of SHP in the
database to be developed by IPPs. This strategy is now changing considering the high power demand of
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some Indonesian regions where the generation cost is still very high. For that reason, PLN wants to
boost renewable generation projects implementation by developing SHP themselves. As stated, this is
PLN’s recent approach and this database is based on past studies and may not represent this scenario.
Figure 4.4 presents the total capacity per Island and identified developer, where it is easily seen that IPP
still are the main actors on the SHP market, but there is still a lot of identified potential with undefined
developer.
Figure 4.4 – Total capacity (MW) per Island and identified developer.
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As part of the review and validation of SHP potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara, and Sulawesi the
Consultant performed site visits to all major wilayahs to gather more SHP projects and to find local
knowledge and interests from private investors. This mission was accomplished with strong
coordination between the Consultant and PLN’s Pusat and Wilayah staff.
This study area comprises the following PLN’s regional divisions, which were visited in March 2016:
1. Wilayah Maluku dan Maluku Utara (based in Ambon, Maluku);
2. Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur (based in Kupang, Timur);
3. Wilayah Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara dan Sulawesi Barat (based in Makassar, Sulawesi);
4. Wilayah Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah dan Gorontalo (based in Manado, Sulawesi).
From the regional offices it was possible to identify 48 new projects from IPP’s requests and 6 from PLN
studies. This represents an additional 256 MW to study in a total of 54 new projects, as presented in
Table 4.5.
New SHP
PLN Wilayah
Number Potential (MW)
Wilayah Maluku dan Maluku Utara 2 14
Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur 12 8
Wilayah Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara dan Sulawesi
20 127
Barat
Wilayah Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah dan Gorontalo 20 107
Total 54 256
Besides PLN’s regional offices, the Consultant also made an effort to visit local government offices to
find local knowledge and compile information on principle licenses for hydropower. Nonetheless, this
assignment was more complex and less productive than originally expected, since a recent change in
legislation altered the SHP licensing process (as described in section 3.2.2) and as such local offices
couldn’t provide helpful contributions. In one occasion, for instance, during a visit to the local
authorities in Minahasa’s Regency (Sulawesi Utara), the Consultant was informed by both the local
offices of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) and the Integrated Licensing Services
(KPPT) that the regional offices are still adjusting to the new legislation and that for the moment it’s not
entirely clear who is in charge of what on the principle licensing. For this reason the local government
offices often directed the Consultant to PLN wilayahs and were not able to provide relevant information.
Additionally, the sheer number and dispersion of different local offices throughout the focus region is so
significant that a comprehensive collection of data would be too complex for the project timeframe and
budget.
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Additionally, the Consultant carried out sample site visits to assess local conditions of the study area and
to calibrate design assumptions and details (presented in the next chapter). Figure 4.5 demonstrates
some of the different conditions for SHP that could be found. For instance, Sulawesi (photos a and b)
naturally presents more potential especially given the weather conditions, more rainy, and the size of
the catchment areas. On the other hand in Maluku, Maluku Utara and NTT (photos c and d) the weather
is drier, with tropical rain, and considering the size of the islands, as one should expect, the average
catchment areas are must smaller. This doesn’t mean there is no potential on those islands, just that
torrential streams and water shortage in few months should be expected. This situation is well
illustrated on the dry river visit in Ambon Island presented in Figure 4.5 (photo c).
Finally, on Figure 4.5 (photo d) is possible to observe yet another possibility, the rehabilitation of an
existing hydropower. In this particular case in NTT, the micro-hydro is out of commission and has good
potential for rehabilitation or even to boost the previous installed capacity. All this should be carefully
studied taking also into consideration the local demand, grid connection cost and social and
environmental impacts.
Figure 4.5 – Site visits in: a) Minraleng-2 project site, Sulawesi Selatan; b) PLTM Tincep 2 project site, Sulawesi Utara; c)
Halo project site, Ambon, Maluku; and d) PLTMH Oehala micro-hydro project, Kupang, Timur.
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4.4 RESULTS
Based on what was presented above, the list of already identified potential for SHP in NTT, Maluku,
Maluku Utara, and Sulawesi was updated merging the entries from these regions on the original list
taken from the comprehensive collection of projects identified for the national map (presented in the
accompanying Small Hydropower Mapping Report), and the new data collected during site visits to all
major wilayahs in the focus area (in a total of 54).
This resulted on a list with a total of 433 entries located in the focus area 1, as presented in Table 4.6.
Also included on the previous table is the initial estimate of projects in each region given as reference to
the Consultant at the beginning of the present assignment2. As a measure of the effort deployed by the
Consultant in data collection, it is worth highlighting the considerable increase in number of projects in
all the regions, especially in Maluku and Maluku Utara (three-fold) and in Sulawesi (nearly ten-fold).
Initial number
Number of Potential
PLN Wilayah of estimated
projects (MW)
projects
Wilayah Maluku dan Maluku Utara 29 60 760
3
Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) 64 86 690
Wilayah Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara dan Sulawesi Barat 156 9 050
31
Wilayah Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah dan Gorontalo 131 3 925
Total 157 433 14 426
The updated list of identified potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi is presented in
Annex I.
1
The original resulting list has 490 projects on the focus area. However, 57 projects lack geographic coordinates and couldn’t be correctly located and were
therefore excluded from the proceeding analysis.
2
From the selection process Terms of Reference: “the 1997 Hydropower Master Plan lists 31 sites in Sulawesi, 29 sites in Maluku, and 97 sites in NTT with
estimated capacity below 10 MW.”
3
The original reference states 97 projects in NTT, but 33 of those projects are located in East-Timor, former Indonesian territory that has gained
independence as sovereign nation since the initial Hydropower Master Plan of 1997, thus the revised figure on the table.
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5.1 CONTEXT
Following the updated list of identified potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi derived on
the previous chapter (and presented in Annex I), a review and prioritization of the SHP potential in the
study area was conducted, with the final goal of listing the most promising SHP to be developed in these
provinces to support electrification. The process for review and prioritization of the SHP potential and
the ensuing results are the focus of the present chapter.
The proposed methodology for this task included step-wise validation through gradual screening of
information as the review becomes more advanced. This analysis took into account several factors such
as hydrology, grid connection, environmental and social issues, as well the financial parameters
resultant of the costs evaluation.
Lastly, recommendations for further preparation studies, investigation and monitoring to support the
development of the prioritized schemes are made and the latest resulting data was updated to the
national GIS database on SHP potential.
As mentioned before the list of the identified potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi
includes 433 project sites. This list is organized in a data base, which includes the main characteristics of
each project.
The number of hydropower sites in the list of identified potential, regarding the location and anticipated
installed capacity, is depicted in Table 5.1 and Figure 5.1.
NTT 86 (20%) 16 51 18 1
Maluku 38 (9%) 3 16 19 -
Maluku Utara 22 (5%) 1 15 6 -
Sulawesi 287 (66%) 8 144 133 2
Total 433 28 (6%) 226 (52%) 176 (40%) 3 (1%)
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Due to the size of the Sulawesi territory, the majority of the sites are situated in this island, followed by
NTT. Only 14% of the sites are situated in Maluku and Maluku Utara Islands. Almost 60% of the sites
presented in this list are expected to be SHP plants (capacity up to 10 MW).
Some of the information presented in the database associated with the list of identified potential is
based on pre-feasibility and feasibility studies (18% of 433 projects), but most of the planned sites are
map or investigation studies (64% of 433 projects). The study level of the remaining projects is
unknown. The diversity in the underlying study level makes the information in the database to have
different levels of detail. This particularity makes project comparison difficult. Some projects have
substantial information regarding the characteristics of the hydraulic circuits, like dimension and
lengths, which can only be compared with other projects with similar information.
In order to review the unitary costs of investment, the Consultant analyzed the installed capacity versus
investment cost present in the data base of the list of identified potential. The result is presented in
Figure 5.2.
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Figure 5.2 – Installed capacity (<10 MW) vs. investment cost in the list of identified potential.
From the data analysis it is evident that there is no meaningful correlation between the two variables.
This may be partially explained by the different currency (RP and USD) in the original data and the
exchange ratio used when calculating the investments costs, the different dates of each estimate and
the type of scheme.
In terms of hydrological characteristics, about 75% of the sites in the list of identified potential have
annual rainfall information, 79% presented average runoff data and 85% indicated catchment area. A
quick analysis of this data revealed that only 1% of the project has a runoff greater than the rainfall and
72% otherwise. The remaining 114 project entries do not have enough information to reach a
conclusion. Although there are a large number of projects with annual rainfall information, when
comparing this data with the Atlas Rainfall of Indonesia, the Consultant concludes that some of the
original rainfall data may not be reliable.
After georeferencing the project site in SRTM maps V1 and V4.1 [18], satellite imagery maps obtained
from Google Earth and OpenStreet maps [19], the Consultant confirmed that only 25% of the database
site coordinates were located at a distance inferior to 100 m from the probable correct site. Regarding
elevation and catchment areas, it was also noted that some original information lacked accuracy.
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5.3 DEMAND
Energy demand on the study area is essential for prioritization of the projects and the analysis of
isolated grid systems (off-grid).
This data should be an input from the parallel contract of Geospatial Electrification Planning 4. However,
it was noted that the Sulawesi island assessment was not included on the parallel contract, hence the
Consultant only received the NTT, Maluku and Maluku Utara 2025’s local demand forecast, consisting on
a demographic growth forecast and annual energy demand for the target year of 2025 at village level.
This information was given in both GIS and table formats.
To overcome this data gap in Sulawesi Island, the Consultant had itself to develop the demand forecast
for district level since it wasn’t possible to collect GIS data at village level. The determination of the 2025
Sulawesi’s demand considered the 2010 National Census results and PLN’s RUPTL and Statistics Reports.
From the 2010 National Census the average annual population growth rate forecast for 2010-2014 and
the 2010 district population and number of households were used. For this study’s purpose the
provincial annual population growth rate determined on the Census for the period of 2010-2025 was
extended. This allowed the determination of the 2025 population by district. [20]
Secondly, the same inhabitants per household at district level as indicated on the Census were
considered for the determinations of the number of households per district. [20]
Based on the household demand reported on PLN’s Statists, Table 6.3, the 2025 district demand was
determined. [4]
4
In accordance with the Small Hydropower Mapping and Improved Geospatial Electrification Planning in Indonesia Technical Assistance Terms of Reference
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Finally, for the SHP review for isolated grid systems it was also necessary the peak demand for Sulawesi,
NTT, Maluku and Maluku Utara regions. In order to determine the 2025 peak demand from the annual
energy demand already determined the 2025 province load factor given by the RUPTL 2016-2025 energy
consumption and peak demand forecasts was used, Table 5.3. [5]
The demand forecast results are presented in Annex II.
5.4 METHODOLOGY
The original methodology proposed in the inception report for the prioritization process is shown in
Figure 5.3.
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The first phase (Phase 1) of the screening consisted on a filtering to exclude any SHP projects that are
already constructed or under construction, or with execution plans under development. Projects for
which the exact locations (coordinates) were not retrieved were also excluded.
The subsequent phase consisted on the selection of sites through a multi-criteria analysis followed by
one by one analysis.
Finally, in Phase 3, the final prioritization was aimed to be the result of a strategic analysis consisting of
each project evaluation within the defined criteria for major strategic options.
As the Consultant started the analysis, some challenges arose that forced the Consultant to make
changes in the initially proposed methodology. Firstly, the number of projects without coordinates or
with wrong locations was so significant that compelled the Consultant to adjust the exclusion criteria.
The only option available was to attempt the relocation of the projects to a more realistic position,
according to some characteristics, like river name, watershed area or elevation. Secondly, the majority
of the information in the database to be used in the multi-criteria analysis was insufficient or lacking
reliably, as previously explained.
Hence, in order to achieve the proposed objectives, the Consultant decided to review the methodology,
Figure 5.4.
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The main difference from the original methodology is the preliminary analysis (similar to a pre-feasibility
study) of all the projects selected after the screening process. With this study it was possible to assure
that all sites were given equal treatment and was possible to compare each one. After this preliminary
analysis it was possible to apply a multi-criteria inquiry in order to prioritize the sites. The screening
process was also subject to review. In order to not exclude projects only by the lack of exact
coordinates, the Consultant attempted to relocate project sites that, by some unknown reason, were
not in a realistic location.
5.4.2.1 OVERVIEW
The objective of this stage is the screening of the sites and subsequently the selection of the projects for
the analysis stage. The screening stage is divided in four phases as presented in Figure 5.4.
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5.4.2.2 PHASE 1
Phase 1 consists on the exclusion of the already built, under construction or in advanced stage of
development (Power Purchase Agreement), according to the information available in the database of
the list of identified potential.
The screening on this phase excluded 48 projects of the initial 433. Table 5.4 presents the location and
motive of exclusion.
Phase 1 Under
Region Already built PPA
Excluded construction
NTT 3 3 - -
Maluku 1 - 1 -
Maluku Utara - - - -
Sulawesi 44 30 9 5
Total 48 33 10 5
5.4.2.3 PHASE 2
After georeferencing the remaining 386 sites projects in satellite imagery maps obtained from Google
Earth, it was possible to verify their physical existence, overlapping with other schemes and repetition of
sites. Phase 2 comprises the exclusion of the projects based on the referred criteria.
The screening on this phase excluded 70 projects of the 385 remaining project entries. Table 5.5
summarizes the location and motive of exclusion.
Overlapping
Phase 2 Repeated
Region Not found existing
Excluded sites
schemes
NTT 19 4 12 3
Maluku 5 1 - 4
Maluku Utara 3 3 - -
Sulawesi 43 12 23 8
Total 70 20 35 15
5.4.2.4 PHASE 3
The key objective of this study is the determination of the list of most promising SHP sites. In order to
achieve this goal, the Consultant decided to discard the entire non-SHP projects. Although the
considered limit for SHP is 10 MW installed capacity, the Consultant decided to include all projects with
planned installed capacity below 12.5 MW, that is to say, to provide a 25% adjustment margin. The
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purpose of this extension in the upper limit of SHP is not to discard any project that after the analysis
stage could become a SHP.
The screening on this phase excluded 130 projects of the 315 remaining projects. Table 5.6 presents the
location and number of sites according to their capacity.
5.4.2.5 PHASE 4
The final phase of the screening stage consists in the exclusion of projects based on the quality of the
site identification. As previously described, the identification of the sites in some cases was performed
based on catchment area, elevation and river name. The site identification quality was defined by the
ratio between the revised catchment area and original catchment area value. It was deemed a poor
quality site identification where the ratio was superior to 25% and the site was subsequently excluded
from the selection. The catchments areas were automatically generated via QuantumGIS software using
the SRTM maps V1 and V4.1. [18]
The screening on this phase excluded 18 projects of the 185 remaining projects. Table 5.7 presents the
location and number of excluded projects.
Incorrect
Region
area
NTT 2
Maluku 3
Maluku Utara 4
Sulawesi 9
Total 18
The number of hydropower sites selected projects for the following analysis stage, regarding the
location and installed capacity, is presented in Table 5.8 and Figure 5.6.
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NTT 51 (31%) 9 39 2 1
Maluku 17 (10%) 2 12 3 -
Maluku Utara 11 (7%) - 10 1 -
Sulawesi 88 (52%) 6 75 5 2
Total 167 17 (10%) 136 (81%) 11 (7%) 3 (2%)
The number of selected projects is 167, which corresponds to 39% of the total projects in the list of
identified potential. As expected, the majority of the project sites are located in Sulawesi, followed by
NTT.
5.4.3.1 OVERVIEW
The objective of this stage is the preliminary assessment of the selected project sites and subsequent
preliminary design of the hydropower schemes. The results of the preliminary site assessment will form
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the basis of the prioritization and final stage. The analysis stage comprises four phases, as shown in
Figure 5.7.
5.4.3.2 PHASE 5
This first phase of the analysis stage consists in the definition of the hydropower scheme for each
selected project.
Hydropower plants can be broadly classified in three different categories according to operation type.
Run-off-river;
Hydropower plant with reservoir (storage);
Pumped storage hydropower plant.
Run-of-river Plants (Figure 5.8) are generally used in rivers where there is a natural elevation drop. If
there is enough flow, the difference in elevation can be a good source of electricity. This type of scheme
does not require significant water storage. Instead, the water is diverted from the river and channeled
along a waterway into a headpond. The diversion is usually possible through the construction of a weir
and an intake. The water is then channeled in the headrace toward the headpond. The headrace can be
an open channel, a pipe or a tunnel. The headpond objective is to provide a steady level and the
appropriate submergence conditions of the penstock entrance before the flow is conveyed to the power
house.
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Power generation in run-of-river plants is ruled by the river flow conditions and thus heavily depends on
precipitation and runoff (and snowmelt, in some regions). This type of scheme may have substantial
daily, monthly or seasonal variations. Because of the minor dimensions of the weir and relatively small
construction works, the option for run-of-river plants usually avoids larger environmental impacts.
Hydropower plants with upstream reservoir (Figure 5.9) typically comprise the construction of a dam to
store the water. The power house is often located at the dam toe.
The storage capacity allows a better management of the flow and therefore the power generation is
more stable and less variable than for run-of-river plants. This type of hydropower scheme can have
major environmental and social impacts due to the flooding of land for the reservoir.
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In Pumped Storage Hydropower Plants water is pumped from a lower reservoir into an upper one,
usually during off-peak hours, while flow direction is reversed to generate electricity during the daily
peak load period or at other times of need. This type of scheme is not common in SHP plants.
In the definition of the scheme for the selected projects, the Consultant attempted to reach the best
option regarding the local topographic conditions. This analysis was possible using the available
cartography (1:25 000 and 1: 50 000), obtained from the office of Surveying and Mapping Coordinating
Agency (Bakosurtanal) in Cibinong, Bogor Regency. The maps include contour lines elevation, land use,
roads, rivers, toponyms, buildings and topographical features. In addition to these maps, the
CONSULTANT also resorted to digital terrain model SRTM maps V1 and V4.1 [18], and satellite imagery
maps obtained from Google Earth.
At this, stage the Consultant proceeded with the preliminary design of the schemes based on the
following main criteria.
1. Determining location of the headpond
One of the civil structure components that is most decisive in SHP plants is the headpond. The location
of the headpond is crucial to establish the gross head.
Generally, the headpond structure is often the second most expensive building after the headrace and
the most decisive for head in SHP. So, it needs special attention and should be placed on flat area and
avoid steep areas which may be prone to landslides.
2. Determining location of weir and headrace
Weirs can be defined as the waterworks that allow the water to be properly diverted to the intake. The
location of the weir shall consider the following aspects:
Topography
a) Located on straight river stretch and at a narrow section;
b) If there is no straight stretch in the river at the desired area, then it can be placed in a smooth
river curve, but the position of intake shall be on the outside of the curve;
c) When the headpond elevation is set due to terrain topographical restrictions, then the
elevation of the weir can be determined accordingly;
d) Weir/dam height shall not be high;
e) Accessibility and service levels;
f) Waterway channel can be placed in suitable terrain.
Hydrology
a) Hydrological factors will influence height, width and length of the weir that are dependent on
the flood design discharge.
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To determine the waterway type, it is assumed that the waterway uses open channels whenever
possible (lower cost) and syphons on the channel part that crosses tributaries, as well as in areas that
are considered prone to landslides.
3. Determining the location of the powerhouse and tail water level
The powerhouse functions as a shelter of the mechanical and electrical equipment that are required for
power generation. Mechanical-electrical equipment shall be indoor, adequately protected from adverse
weather conditions.
The location for the powerhouse should ideally be on a flat area below the headpond site and safe from
flooding. Generally, in preliminary assessment the power house location is placed at elevation 1 or 2 m
above the estimated water surface of the river in flood conditions.
4. Determining the access road
In order to allow the erection, operation, inspection and maintenance operations, all building sites of
SHP should be accessible. Accessed shall be granted with a four-wheel vehicle, two-wheel vehicle or by
foot. However, to facilitate maintenance work, it is recommended that 4-wheel vehicles can access
certain parts that need heavy equipment.
The access ways that are used in daily operations can be asphalt roads, while others inspection paths
can use macadam pavement or ground.
The access road must be connected to the nearest existing road. The alignment and profile of the access
road should follow the common rules of design.
5. Determining the Transmission Line
On determining the capacity and length of the transmission lines for preliminary assessment, the
Consultant assumes that the transmission lines are connected to the nearest village to the SHP location
that has a 20 kV network. The length of the transmission line is therefore based on the distance
between powerhouse location and the nearest village.
5.4.3.3 PHASE 6
This phase concerns the exclusion of projects with unsatisfactory design parameters.
Even after the screening procedure previously described an implemented it is possible that some
projects could not present favorable design parameters. Based on the Consultant’s experience, SHP sites
with a head minor than 20 m, catchment areas below 10 km 2 and with headraces lengths greater than
10 km are most likely economically unfeasible.
The referred analysis excluded 12 projects of the 167 analyzed. Table 5.9 presents the location and
number of considered projects for the list of most promising sites.
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Table 5.9 – Number of projects considered for the list of most promising sites per region.
NTT 50 (32%)
Maluku 14 (9%)
Maluku Utara 7 (5%)
Sulawesi 84 (54%)
Total 155
5.4.3.4 PHASE 7
The following step (Phase 7) consists on the hydrological characterization of all the selected projects.
This characterization is based on the catchment areas defined in the Screening Stage, the information of
the Atlas Rainfall of Indonesia (published by Survey and Mapping Coordinating Agency in collaboration
with Meteorology and Geophysics Agency), and Forest/Non-forest maps modeled from ALOS -published
by Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) with a resolution of
50 m.
In order to estimate the flow availability for each project, a flow-duration curve was calculated. The
flow-duration curve is a representation of the average flow regime at a given river section. This curve is
obtained by sorting the records in decreasing order with the same period of the flow along the dataset.
The result is a curve showing the percentage of time that a given flow value is equaled or exceeded.
Determination of a flow-duration curve requires adequate records of river flow, ideally daily.
The flow-duration curve has been used for a long time as a tool to ascertain the hydrologic response of a
watershed. Lately, the flow-duration curve has been used to validate the output of hydrological models,
or compare the hydrologic response of output flows of a model with the observed flow, as done by
Hansen et al (1996) and Ye et al (1997).
Recent research developments show that the flow-duration curve is a hydrologic "signature" of a
watershed, which reflects its hydrological characteristics. The hydrological characteristics have been
used in the modeling approach to determine the appropriate level of complexity required in the rainfall-
runoff models (Jothityangkoon et al, 2001). It was hypothesized that hydrological characteristics may
reflect the nature of watersheds, and therefore can be used in the study of regional water resources
potential. For instance, Yu et al (2002) have implemented a regionalization procedure to predict the
proportion of low flow from the flow duration curve at locations where there is no record of flow in
southern Taiwan.
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In a relatively homogeneous area, flow duration curves can be approximated in a simple way to
correlate with the watershed area. Yu and Yang (2000) demonstrated this in the homogeneous
watershed of Gao-Ping tributaries in southern Taiwan. However, in order to regionalize the flow
duration curve for more heterogeneous regions, other watershed parameters need to be considered
(David A Post, 2004).
There are many alternatives in the flow duration curve parameterization which are published in the
literature. For example, Cigizoglu and Bayazit (2000) has modeled using 5 harmonic parameters and
concluded that the parameters can be simplified into 2 or 3 parameters. Best et al (2003) have
conducted three studies using different parameters and concluded that models with 5 parameters give
quite suitable results to examine the effects of land use changes.
According to Best et al (2003), the flow-duration curve can be approximated by an equation of
normalized flows, where the flows are divided by the median of the stream flow that is not zero. This is
done so that the logarithmic of normalized flows intersect the axes at the median flow.
1. 2 parameter equations
aF1 x
y 10 CTF P50
, x ≤ CTF
y = 0, x ≥ CTF
2. 3 parameter equations
b1 F1 x
y 10 CTF
P
50 , x ≤ CTF/2
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b2 F1 x
y 10 CTF
P
50 , CTF/2 ≤ x ≤ CTF
y = 0, x ≥ CTF
3. 5 parameter equations
y = 0, x ≥ CTF
In the above equations, y is the predicted flow, F-1 is the inverse of the standard normal cumulative
distribution, P50 is the median of the non-zero flow days, CTF is the cease to flow point (expressed as a
percentage), x is the probability value (0-100%) and a, b1, b2, c1, c2 are curve-fitting parameters.
The annual rainfall was estimated based on the information presented in the Atlas Rainfall of Indonesia.
In the case of regional flow data limitations, the equation that requires more parameters will have
difficulty in obtaining them. As has been done by David A Post (2004) to obtain regional the flow-
duration curve within watersheds in the Burdekin River catchment, a normalized flow curve equation
can be expressed in a different form, as follows:
a
ln 1
y
x
b
where
y - ln (normalized flow);
x - percentage of exceeded flows;
a - perennial factor, the percentage of exceeded flows of non-zero flows;
b - retention constant, a constant that represents the slope of the flow-duration curve.
The perennial factor a shows the ratio of non-zero flow period and the entire period as a percentage, so
if 90% of the time flows in a river are available, then the value of a is 90. When flows in a river are
available all the time, then the value of a is 100.
Retention constant b is obtained by matching (fitting) curves with a river flow-duration curve that has
good flow records. This value indicates the watershed retention ability in responding to the rainfall. Low
b values indicate that the watershed has a low retention capacity.
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Values a and b represent the characteristics of a watershed that reflect a combination of complex
parameters such as watershed area, slope of ground surface within the watershed, watershed shape,
length of river networks, slope of river networks, river network density, vegetation, land use, geological
structure, elevation, temperature, wind speed, humidity, solar radiation, rainfall depth and climate.
Research conducted by David A Post (2004) in the watersheds in the Burdekin River basin (140 000 km 2
catchment area) in North Queensland, Australia, showed that the value of b ranges from 1.14 to 2.6 and
tends to increase for higher annual rainfall. The value of a for these watersheds are close or equal to
100.
Research conducted by Dhani Irwanto (2010) concluded that areas of high rainfall, such as in the islands
of Sumatera, Java, Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua, show values of a close to 100, while areas that
have low rainfall, such as in Nusatenggara, show values of a of less than 100. The b values in areas with
high rainfall range between 1 and 4. The values of b are related to the forest coverage, watershed area,
surface slope, length of river networks, slope of river networks and river network density.
Dhani Irwanto (2011, 2012) has conducted research in the southern part of West Java by analyzing 8
watersheds with the following characteristics.
1. No significant artificial stream regulation (e.g. irrigation, drinking water and reservoirs);
2. No lake with a significant area in the watershed;
3. Relatively little residential areas and arable land;
4. Geological structures which are dominated by volcanic rocks and soil;
5. Continuous data availability or nearly continuous
In 2013 the research was extended by adding some other watersheds to the above. Several watershed
parameters have been studied and the following equations were established:
1. Models with 1 parameter:
b = 3.1873 FC0.0923 ± 14.7% dengan R2 = 0.12
b = 1.3902 RL0.1436 ± 11.1% dengan R2 = 0.51
b = 1.3988 CA0.1357 ± 12.0% dengan R2 = 0.44
2. Models with 2 parameters:
b = 2.1896 FC0.0923 SS-0.2574 ± 10.8% dengan R2 = 0.55
b = 1.7883 FC0.0923 RL0.1138 ± 10.4% dengan R2 = 0.55
b = 1.9244 FC0.0923 CA0.0947 ± 12.1% dengan R2 = 0.41
3. Model with 3 parameters:
b = 1.2215 FC0.0923 SS-0.2574 RL0.1150 ± 5.5% dengan R2 = 0.89
b = 1.1055 FC0.0923 SS-0.3044 CA0.1154 ± 5.7% dengan R2 = 0.85
where,
FC - ratio of forest cover and watershed (FC ≥ 10%)
CA - watershed area (km2)
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a
l n 1
y
x
b
a = 100
b = 1.2215 FC 0.0923 SS-0.2574 RL 0.115
Y is ln (normalized flow), x is percentage of exceeded flows, a is perennially factor, the percentage of
exceeded flows of non-zero flows, b is retention constant, a constant that represents the slope of the
flow-duration curve, FC is ratio of forest cover and watershed (FC ≥ 10%), the SS is average slope of the
watershed surface and RL is length of streams with ≥ 1 km 2 basin area (km). The FC, RL an SS values
were estimated based on the DEM and Forest/Non-forest maps, automatically generated via GIS
software.
5.4.3.5 PHASE 8
1. Weir
Hweir = FSL – Elbed
Elcrest = FSL + FF
FF = 1.41 × CA/BR + 1
Where
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Q
h
vk n
b = kh
2
vn
I 2/3
2/3 k m
h
k 2 1m
2
HL = IL
where:
3. Penstock
DP = 0.72Q0.5
K s v1.9
HL 0.002587 1.1
DP
Ks = 0.42
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where:
DP - penstock diameter (m)
Q - design discharge (m3/s)
HL - headloss (m)
V - design velocity (m/s)
1. Turbine
The selection of turbine types is determined by three parameters. These are the design discharge, head,
and mechanical and electrical equipment prices. For a preliminary stage, the selection of the type of
turbine can be determined based on the following chart (Figure 5.11).
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2. Installed Capacity
The installed capacity is estimated using the following equation.
Pi = g Q Hnet
where
Pi - installed capacity (kW)
- plant efficiency at design discharge
g - acceleration of gravity (m/s2)
Q - design discharge (m3/s)
Hnet - net head (m)
Hnet = Hgross – HL
where
Hgross - gross head (m), that is the full supply level at the weir minus the tailwater level
or turbine axis level
HL - headloss (m)
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E pot P dt
t 0
t
where
Epot - energy potentially generated (kWh)
t - time (hour)
Pt - plant power at “t” time (kW)
The potentially generated estimated energy is calculated using the flow duration curve considering t max
= 1 year.
The estimated saleable energy is calculated using the following equation.
Esale = Epot kp kt
where
Esale - saleable energy (kWh)
kp - percentage of plant stoppage and losses
kt - percentage of transmission losses
Loss of energy in the power plants is usually caused by outages for maintenance, outages due to
disturbances and loss of discharge. Energy losses in the transmission might be caused by the conductor,
from outages due to maintenance and outages due to other interferences.
Capacity factor is defined as the ratio between the energy generated in a certain period and the
potential energy generated when the plant, is in full capacity during the same period. It embraces the
following definitions.
Potential capacity factors, i.e. the plant capacity factors with the existing flow availability without
any loss.
Salable capacity factor, which is the plant capacity factor that has been reduced by the plant use
and the losses in the plant and transmission line.
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where:
BR - weir length, Hweir - weir height, CA - watershed area, Q - design discharge, I - longitudinal
slope, L - length, UCS - steel unit price, H - head, W - width, V - voltage, N - number, S - original
ground slope, Fg - geological condition factor
The estimated project cost is expressed in optimistic, moderate and pessimistic conditions, reflecting
variations of the cost dependent on the conditions on the field, work implementation method, quality of
the equipment, level of project management and unpredictable conditions.
The following example depicts the cost curve for the penstock unit cost. In Figure 5.13 there are three
condition levels expressed. Optimistic condition is expressed with the bottom line, pessimistic condition
with the superior line and the moderate condition is expressed with the intermediate line. This study is
based on similar previous projects.
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The costs of land and plant acquisition were assumed from similar projects and location in the past. The
highest values, based on the location of the project area, were conservatively selected.
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generated energy trough the applicable average cost of capital. LCOE has the important advantage over
other indicators of allowing a direct comparison across different projects and generation technologies.
Optimistic - Has a relatively low level of risk, most favorable natural conditions, and most
appropriate way of implementation of the project.
Moderate - Has a relatively moderate level of risk, moderate natural conditions, and moderate
way of implementation of the project.
Pessimistic - Has a relatively high level of risk, most adverse natural conditions, and most
unappropriated way of implementation of the project.
The Consultant decided to consider only the moderate scenario in the following phases of this study.
The results of the preliminary site assessment are presented in Annex III.
5.4.3.6 RESULT
5.4.3.6.1 NTT
The relation between the investment cost and the installed capacity is shown in Figure 5.14 below. In
the performed analysis the Consultant chose to considerate the design capacity limited to the maximum
of 10 MW. This means that projects whose optimal design capacity was calculated above 10 MW, were
considered in their version of 10 MW to comply with the defined power limits of the study. However, it
should be noted that independent power production in Indonesia is not limited to 10 MW, although the
direct appointment option for the PPA is, as mentioned in section 3.2.1.
Regarding the NTT SHP sites, there were two projects that exceeded 10 MW when designed to optimal
capacity. For the sake of aggregate results presentation the investment cost related to the installed
capacity of 10 MW versions was considered.
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From the data analysis it is evident that there is a significant correlation between the investment cost
and the installed capacity (optimal).
Regarding the LCOE values, approximately 44% of the SHP sites in NTT have values lower than 100
USD/MWh (Figure 5.15). The minimum value is 64 USD/MWh and the maximum of 326 USD/MWh.
After analyzing the IRR distribution (Figure 5.16), one can conclude that practically all the SHP projects in
these islands have a positive IRR. For this region the average IRR, under the defined conditions, is 12.4%,
which can be considered a quite significant value.
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5.4.3.6.2 MALUKU
The relation between the investment cost and installed capacity regarding the Maluku Islands is shown
in Figure 5.17. Like in the NTT islands, the Consultant identified two SHP sites that exceeded 10 MW for
optimal design. The investment costs considered in these two cases correspond to the installed capacity
of 10 MW.
It is also noticeable in this case a significant correlation between the investment cost and the installed
capacity.
Regarding the LCOE values, only one SHP site has a LCOE lower than 100 USD/MWh (Figure 5.18). For
this region, the average LCOE is 240 USD/MWh. The two higher LCOE values can be explained by the fact
that the two SHP projects in question (JicaPR 1227 and JicaPR 1228) envisage an installed capacity of
only 0.2 MW.
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In the wake of the IRR distribution analysis (Figure 5.19), one can observe that three projects have an
IRR lower than 1%. For this region, the average IRR is 5.9%, which can be considered quite low.
Naturally, the projects with negative IRR correspond to the highest LCOE values.
The selected economic indicators show the general low attractiveness of the studied SHP projects in
Maluku, in particular when compared to NTT.
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Figure 5.20 – Investment cost vs installed capacity for Maluku Utara region.
From the analysis of the exhibited data it is evident a very good correlation between the investment
cost and the installed capacity.
For this region, the average LCOE is 175 USD/MWh (Figure 5.21).
After analyzing the IRR distribution (Figure 5.22), one can conclude that all the SHP projects have a
positive IRR. For this region, the average IRR is 7.8%.
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Only seven SHP projects were selected for the Maluku Utara region, showing varied grades of economic
attractiveness.
5.4.3.6.4 SULAWESI
The relation between the investment cost and the installed capacity in Sulawesi region is depicted in
Figure 5.23. The Consultant identified twelve SHP sites with envisaged (optimal) capacity above 10 MW.
The investment costs herein presented for these twelve cases correspond to the installed capacity of 10
MW version of the project.
From the data analysis one can conclude that there is one SHP project that is clearly outside the
expected cost zone. This particular project (id: JicaPR 0747) comprises the construction of a significant
dam that weights on the investment cost and unbalances the project, given the estimated capacity.
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Regarding the LCOE values, approximately 38% of the SHP sites in Sulawesi have values lower than
100 USD/MWh (Figure 5.24). The average LCOE is 150 USD/MWh.
Analyzing the results one can see that there are two projects with extremely high LCOE values. The
project with the LCOE of 570 USD/MWh corresponds to a previously mentioned, JicaPR 0747, which can
be explained by the high investment cost. The highest LCOE value estimated (890 USD/MWh)
corresponds to the project JicaPR 0755. This project foresees the installation of SHP with an installed
capacity of 0.59 MW. The high LCOE value, and corresponding weak economics, can be partly explained
by the excessive transmission line length (41 km) to the project’s scale.
After analyzing the IRR distribution (Figure 5.25), one can conclude that 93% of the SHP projects have a
positive IRR. For this region, the average IRR is 12.1%. However, it shall be noted that 60% of the
projects exhibit an IRR equal or exceeding 10%.
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5.4.3.6.5 OVERALL
The present subchapter presents the aggregate results of the economic evaluation. The relation
between the investment cost and the installed capacity for the whole focus area of NTT, Maluku,
Maluku Utara and Sulawesi is exhibited in Figure 5.26.
The main conclusions to be drawn from this figure are that the investment cost per MW of installed
capacity are close in the NTT and Sulawesi regions and are generally somewhat higher for the regions of
Maluku and Maluku Utara. This can be partially explained by the distance from the SHP to the nearest
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village which is, in a general appraisal, higher in Maluku and Maluku Utara regions. This distance is
directly associated with the cost of the transmission lines and access roads.
Regarding the values of LCOE and IRR, one can conclude that only a few projects in Maluku Utara and
NTT regions may eventually be considered feasible. The most attractive SHP sites seem to be, therefore,
located in the Sulawesi region followed by NTT.
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5.4.4.1 OVERVIEW
The objective of this stage is the prioritization of the sites analyzed in the previous step. The
prioritization stage is divided in two phases as presented in Figure 5.29.
5.4.4.2 PHASE 9
This phase consists in the definition of the criteria for the multi-criteria analysis. The multi-criteria
analysis will weight quantitative and qualitative variables, for an overall score to rank the projects. After
careful evaluation and based on the gathered information, the multi-criteria analysis was based on the
following as aspects:
Installed capacity;
LCOE - Levelized Cost of Energy;
Protected and environmentally sensitive areas;
Local electrification demand.
In order to rate the analysed projects, the four selected aspects were graded between 0 and 10 points.
The more points the project has, the higher the ranking of the site.
1. Installed capacity
The installed capacity indirectly defines the generation potential of a given site. In fact, average annual
production is in practice a more meaningful parameter to characterize hydropower contribution to
energy provision, in particular for SHP and run-of-river schemes. However, annual production is an
estimate, presents different variability and is lees often used as a quantified objective in terms of energy
policy. For these reasons, the installed capacity parameter was selected, not only for what it represents
by itself (peak capacity), but as a proxy for generation potential. Therefore, the main benefits underlying
a preference for larger capacity are the following:
Greater contribution to address the energy deficit challenge that Indonesia faces;
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2. LCOE
Other key factor to rate a project is its economic interest, or cost competiveness, in this case depicted
by its LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy). The LCOE not only allows the comparison of different methods of
electricity generation, but also can be regarded as the minimum cost at which electricity must be sold in
order to break-even over the lifetime of the project. The Consultant chose to attribute the higher
classification to all the projects with LCOE below 50 USD/MWh and null to projects with LCOE higher
than 300 USD/MWh (Figure 5.31). A linear progression was considered for projects with LCOE between
the referred thresholds.
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site) where the demand meets production. The analysed distances were fixed in radius intervals of 5,
7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 km around the SHP site, as shown in the following example (Figure 5.32).
Projects where there isn’t correspondence between the annual demand and annual energy production
have null points. Projects where it is possible to satisfy the demand, the classification is attributed
according to the following chart (Figure 5.33).
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5.4.4.3 PHASE 10
After the definition of the base criteria, the projects were globally scored according to the following
weights for the Base strategy (grid expansion):
Hydropower development
Environmental impact
Rural Electrification
1. Hydropower development
In this strategy the focus is the maximization of the hydropower development, that is to say, to more
directly address the increase in electricity offer policy objectives. Accordingly, the following weight
distribution is established:
2. Environmental impact
In this strategy the priority is the minimization of the environmental impact of the schemes. Hence, the
following weights were adopted:
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3. Rural Electrification
In this strategy the focus is the local electrification demand, that is to say, to more directly address the
rural energy demand near the project site. Accordingly, the following weight distribution is established:
An off-grid SHP site is a project not connected to the main electrical grid that supplies a nearby village or
villages. The choice of an off-grid solution for a selected SHP site is based on the distance to the main
grid. When the cost of construction of the transmission line is above a pre-set value, one can choose not
to connect it to the local network. If there is sufficient demand in the proximity, the site may be
considered fit for off-grid.
In order to evaluate if a SHP site is adequate as the basis for an isolated grid system, it is important to
determine the distance of the site to the existing/planned grid. Even though there is some grid
information (existing and planned lines) for NTT and Maluku Island, the Consultant chose to consider the
information digitized from RUPTL 2016-2025 for all the regions. This information comprised the
locations of the substation and main transmission lines. After inserting this information in a GIS
environment and crossing it with the SHP sites, it was possible to determine the minimum distance
between the grid and the sites. The planned grid by PLN was considered in this analysis. [5]
Due to the fact that digitized information only contains 70 kV or higher voltage, the Consultant decided
to consider a minimum grid connection distance to a substation of 30 km. Projects with a distance
greater than 30 km are deemed potential isolated grid SHP sites The number and location of the sites
that can be considered off-grid solutions, according to the established criteria, is presented in Table
5.11.
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Table 5.11 – Potential isolated grid SHP sites (with 30 km or greater distance to grid).
Percentage
Region Number relatively to total
SHP in region
NTT 16 32%
Maluku 7 50%
Maluku Utara 5 71%
Sulawesi 28 33%
Total 56 35%
Based on this criterion, 36% of the locations proposed on the list of the most promising sites are
potential isolated grid SHP sites.
The following step consisted in verifying if the energy production and peak capacity of the potential
isolated grid SHP sites meets the demand of the nearby villages. The methodology used to determine if
the demand meets the SHP capacity is similar to the one used to assess the affected population in the
multi-criteria analysis. Since it is intended that the SHP site must supply the populations as long as
possible, this assessment was made using the annual production energy corresponding to the 90%
discharge dependability. The analysed distances were fixed in radius of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 km
around the potential isolated SHP site as shown is the example, Figure 5.34.
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In case of the islands of NTT, Maluku and Maluku Utara, the villages suitable for off-grid connection
were the ones proposed in the Geospatial Electrification Planning by the Earth Institute. For the
determination of the districts suitable for isolated systems in the island of Sulawesi, the Consultant
chose to include all the districts outside the range of 70 km of the existing/planned substations. This
distance criterion took into account the fact that the only substations and grid obtained have a voltage
equal or greater than 70 kV (the similarity in the figures is coincidental; 70 km is estimated as the
reasonable limit distance to be supplied from a 70 kV substation).
Potential sites where the annual demand within the defined radius met the annual energy production
and the installed capacity met the peak demand (MW), within a margin of 30%, were considered the
preeminent off-grid SHP sites. The Consultant identified 17 SHP sites where the annual energy demand
meets annual production (Table 5.12).
Table 5.12 – Isolated grid SHP potential sites. Annual Energy Demand meets Annual Production.
PLTM Sabuku fs_215 Sulawesi 28.1 0.0 8.1 8.1 8.1 13.7 20.7 28.0
Mikuasi (PLN) hp_0447 Sulawesi 6.7 4.0 4.0 6.9 18.0 19.9 27.9 33.4
Buleleng hp_0456 Sulawesi 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7 10.8 10.8
Lasolo-2 JicaPR_0751 Sulawesi 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 6.5 6.5 7.6
Toma-2 JicaPR_0754 Sulawesi 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 4.2 4.2 4.2
Maraja-3 JicaPR_0848 Sulawesi 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 26.1 30.2 30.2
Palame-1 JicaPR_1094 NTT 4.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.6 3.1 5.6 7.6
Palame-2 JicaPR_1095 NTT 10.3 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.6 2.6 6.0 8.5
Kadassa-2 JicaPR_1097 NTT 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.1 2.4 4.0 4.9
Melolo-1 JicaPR_1110 NTT 1.8 0.5 0.5 1.0 2.1 3.9 6.1 8.2
Melolo-2 JicaPR_1111 NTT 4.3 0.1 0.5 0.9 2.0 4.4 5.8 7.8
Menu-1 JicaPR_1181 NTT 12.0 3.3 4.9 8.7 15.2 21.0 27.2 33.4
Menu-2 JicaPR_1182 NTT 20.0 1.9 4.3 6.9 13.2 19.1 25.6 31.9
Tuke JicaPR_1184 NTT 11.4 2.2 4.4 7.1 13.8 21.0 28.4 34.5
Leman JicaPR_1208 Maluku 3.6 0.0 0.9 1.1 2.2 3.0 3.6 5.0
Pastu Ra JicaPR_1247 Maluku 3.3 0.2 0.4 1.4 2.7 4.5 6.1 9.2
Wai Miha JicaPR_1251 Maluku 3.6 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.4 1.9 3.5 5.1
Regarding the peak demand and installed capacity analysis, the Consultant identified 15 SHP sites where
the peak demand meets the installed capacity (Table 5.13).
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Table 5.13 – Isolated grid SHP potential sites. Annual Energy Demand meets Annual Production.
PLTM Sabuku fs_215 Sulawesi 3.5 0.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.8 4.2 5.7
Riorita hp_0401 Sulawesi 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.0 2.0 4.1 4.8
Mikuasi (PLN) hp_0447 Sulawesi 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 3.5 3.9 5.4 6.5
Buleleng hp_0456 Sulawesi 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 2.2 2.2
Toma-3 JicaPR_0755 Sulawesi 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.9
Palame-1 JicaPR_1094 NTT 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.6
Kadassa-2 JicaPR_1097 NTT 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.1
Melolo-1 JicaPR_1110 NTT 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.8
Melolo-2 JicaPR_1111 NTT 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.7
Dondo-1 JicaPR_1124 NTT 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.3 2.6 3.5 4.4
Menu-1 JicaPR_1181 NTT 1.5 0.7 1.1 1.9 3.3 4.5 5.9 7.2
Mama JicaPR_1204 Maluku 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Leman JicaPR_1208 Maluku 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9
Mala JicaPR_1220 Maluku 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8
Wai Miha JicaPR_1251 Maluku 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.0
Comparing the previous results, one can refer that there are 6 most promising isolated grid SHP projects
as exposed in Table 5.14.
5 km 7,5 km 10 km 15 km 20 km 25 km 30 km
Project ID Code Region
radius radius radius radius radius radius radius
The complete analysis results for all the isolated grid SHP potential sites are presented in Annex IX.
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The study carried out as part of the analysis stage can be considered as pre-feasibility level. The
objective of this study is to identify the best sites and facilitate the choice of future projects.
The immediate next step should be the selection of the priority areas to be developed and their possible
inclusion on the different cooperation protocols currently in place for funding purposes, or, ultimately,
allowing IPP’s to develop them.
In terms of the technical assessment, the following step should consist on a more detailed analysis at
feasibility study level of the selected sites, including the complementary field surveys (geotechnical
investigations, topography and environmental and social impact assessment). At this stage, it shall be
possible to proceed with the adjustment of the scheme based on a more accurate cartography. Another
important factor is to consider the improvement of the flow availability analysis. The evaluation of the
flow availability should ideally be based on the records of rainfall and runoff provided by nearby
stations. In the cases there aren’t any gauging stations nearby, it should be considered the installation of
one in the river for a considerable period of time.
Another important aspect is the location of the lower voltage power lines (20 kV) and correspondent
substations. It must be noted that this type of information was not available for this study, so a number
of simplified assumptions had to be made. With available information at a more detailed level it will be
possible to validate the proposed isolated grid projects and eventually consider new ones.
Following the list of most promising sites derived on the present chapter, the GIS Database of SHP
developed under the current technical assistance and presented in detail in the accompanying GIS
Database User’s Manual and the Small Hydropower Mapping Report was updated with the resulting
new improved features of the sites.
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The Consultant was expected to coordinate with the parallel contract on the Geospatial Electrification
Planning Tool and contribute to its latest review with the inclusion of the generation sources from SHP
that are a result of this assignment.
As such, the Consultant prepared the list of most promising sites with key energy/cost SHP
characteristics in different formats (.csv, .shp) for ease of integration on the planning tool and submitted
it accordingly (Annex V to Annex VIII). Furthermore, this list comprehends two different design
approaches since it could be used for isolated grid systems or for grid connection.
For isolated grid systems the SHP shall ideally be designed to be operational most days of an average
hydrological year, meaning that the design flow is equal to the firm flow. This is an essential condition
since it would dramatically reduce diesel dependability on isolated grids, thus reducing operational costs
and CO2 emissions. It should be stressed that these isolated grids should always have a backup system
for abnormal dry seasons or years, where in some days the water availability may be insufficient for the
local demand. This backup is usually diesel based and if the SHP is well design should have few working
hours per year.
The grid connection SHP design is based on the minimization of the energy generation cost. Given the
existence of more generation spots on the grid, it is not essential the all year-round generation capacity,
but more important the minimization of the project’s energy cost.
The Geospatial Electrification Planning tool allows for non-linear grid expansion by identifying the least
cost electrification option, based on a minimum spanning tree model. The planning tool considers grid
expansion, isolated mini-grids or solar home system systems attached to each household. The planning
model iterates through every identified settlement and identifies which of the three electrification
options is least cost.
The inclusion of these new projects may imply major changes on the planning tool results from having
lower generation costs. Firstly, the connection of SHP to the grid will lower the grid energy cost, which
will additionally lower the grid expansion costs, possibly resulting on a more widespread grid and fewer
off-grid systems. Secondly, the SHP designed for isolated grid systems could generate mini-grids with
settlements that were beforehand planned to connect to the grid or as solar home system systems.
In conclusion, this planning tool is based on grid expansion by identifying the least cost electrification
option and this new generation spots should result on a cost and environmental impact improvement of
the electrification planning for the provinces of NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara, and Sulawesi in eastern
Indonesia.
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7 CONCLUSIONS
The main purpose of the Small Hydropower Potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi Report
was the energy sector and SHP role review and the review and prioritization of the SHP potential in the
region for the creation of the list of most promising sites located in the focus area.
On the energy sector review, the overall existing power generation and distribution situation in
Indonesia and in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara, and Sulawesi in particular was presented. This energy
outlook was realized considering the current situation and the existing plans for energy access
development.
The energy outlook also worked as an introduction to the SHP’s role review. For this review the
Consultant assessed the current legal framework concerning the planning and developing of SHP and
the strengths and weaknesses of using SHP with isolated grid systems focus. The general review of the
legal framework converged on the direct appointment method for PPA requests and most relevant
licenses for SHP implementation, since they are the significant identified issues on the licensing process.
The identified challenges from using SHP were studied and possible solutions were suggested. The most
significant identified concern with SHP solution for isolated systems is the highly seasonable power
production considering the water resource dependability, although this can be easily overcome with
backup generation and still offering lower energy cost compared with thermal power.
For the creation of the list of most promising sites in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi, first the
list of already identified potential for small hydro was updated with the outcome of the site visits to
major wilayahs (this mission allowed an addition of 54 new projects). Following this, a gradual screening
through step-wise validation of information was conducted, resulting on a list of the 167 most promising
sites on the focus area. The multi-criteria analysis used for the prioritization process was based on
installed capacity, LCOE, protected and environmentally sensitive areas and local electrification demand
that were weighted differently and combined for diverse strategic options and that will allow decision
makers to better understand the most important SHP in each scenario.
Additionally, the SHP list with the isolated grid system focus was analyzed. For this analysis it was
considered the annual energy production limited by the 90% discharge dependability and the nearby
local demand if located far enough from the existing/planned grid. For this analysis it was necessary to
perform a local demand forecast for the year 2025 in accordance with the demand study performed for
the Geospatial Electrification Planning Tool. Both grid and off-grid SHP analysis results were prepared to
be incorporated on the Geospatial Electrification Planning Tool with the ultimate goal of improving the
electrification planning on the study regions of NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi.
Overall, this report covers the proposed objective to create the Improved electrification planning by
integrating small hydropower potential for the provinces of NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara, and Sulawesi in
eastern Indonesia, with the expected results: To create the list of the most promising SHP sites in NTT,
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Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi; To create a list of potential SHP sites in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara
and Sulawesi to be incorporated in the Geospatial Electrification Planning (GEP) Tool.
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REFERENCES
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[3] PLN, "Rencana Umum Pertagananana Listrika (RUPTL) 2015-2024 Executive Summary," Jakarta,
2015.
[5] PLN, "Rencana Umum Pertagananana Listrika (RUPTL) 2016-2025," Jakarta, 2016.
[10] International Renewable Energy Agency, “Renewable energy technologies: cost analysis series -
Hydropower,” 2012.
[11] International Renewable Energy Agency, “Off-grid renewable energy systems: status and
methodological issues,” 2015.
[12] Alliance for Rural Electrification, “The potential of small hydro for rural electrification,” 2014.
[13] The World Bank, “Peru: Overcoming the Barriers to Hydropower,” 2010.
[14] United Nations Industrial Development Organization, “UNIDO Projects for the Promotion of Small
Hydro Power for Productive Use,” 2010.
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[17] PLN, "Rencana Umum Pertagananana Listrika (RUPTL) 2013-2022 Executive Summary," Jakarta,
2013.
[18] USGS, “Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM),” [Online]. Available: http://srtm.usgs.gov/.
[Acedido em 09 06 2014].
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[Acedido em 07 2016].
[21] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, “Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and
Climate Change Mitigation,” 2011.
[22] JICA, “Project for the Master Plan Study of Hydropower Development in Indonesia,” Jakarta, 2011.
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06 2014].
[35] Asian Development Bank, “Energy Sector White Paper, 2014,” Manila, 2014.
[36] European Small Hydropower Association, “Small Hydropower for Developing Countries,” 2006.
[38] MEMR, “Rencana Umum Ketenagalistrikan Nasiona 2012-2031l (RUKN),” Jakarta, 2012.
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ANNEX I – UPDATED LIST OF IDENTIFIED POTENTIAL IN NTT,
MALUKU, MALUKU UTARA AND SULAWESI
UPDATED LIST OF IDENTIFIED POTENTIAL IN NTT, MALUKU, MALUKU UTARA AND SULAWESI
ID Project Name Province Latitude (WGS84) Longitude (WGS84) Installed Capacity (MW) Source PLN Wilayah
JicaPR_1243 Fidi Maluku Utara 0.355834 127.838 5.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_0794 Tangkak-2 Sulawesi Selatan -5.1294 120.071 24.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_1140 Taramanu-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.7378 123.75 7.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1244 Tjiu-1 Maluku Utara 2.27702 128.354 3.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
fs_214 PLTM Palasa Gorontalo 0.449472222 120.2364444 7.40 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1248 Ake Rain Maluku Utara -0.729117 127.802 0.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1239 Akelamo-1 Maluku Utara 1.29255 128.445 9.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1241 Akelamo-3 Maluku Utara 1.4343 128.661 4.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1118 Vang Reo Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.35963 120.479 78.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1188 Anail Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.24690 124.70000 1.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1119 Bema/Wera Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.43445 120.844 11.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaEX_0107 Kambera-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.83515 120.193 17.02 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1144 Besi Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.41877 124.116 6.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaEX_0085 Malea Sulawesi Barat -3.176493 119.771231 182.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
fs_237 PLTM Soru Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.539972222 119.8198889 0.09 PLN_wilayah WILNTT
JicaPR_1136 Bobo Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.77617 120.628 2.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1120 Buntal Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.4747 120.977 5.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaEX_0106 Tala Maluku Utara -3.30043 128.649 54.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaEX_0110 Talawi Maluku Utara 0.965435 127.98 7.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaEX_0105 Tamboli Sulawesi Barat -3.88006 121.353 25.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
fs_239 PLTM Waeroa Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.864941667 120.9982389 0.40 PLN_wilayah WILNTT
JicaEX_0108 Wai Racang Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.51533 120.417 11.07 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
fs_246 PLTM Wanokaka 2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.681413889 119.4865028 0.72 PLN_wilayah WILNTT
JicaPR_1124 Dondo-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.63309 121.882 1.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1125 Dondo-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.67471 121.91 2.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1126 Dondo-3 Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.5655 121.947 3.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1227 Ela Maluku -3.55685 128.204 0.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1201 Ili-1 Maluku -3.33046 126.345 9.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1229 Halu Maluku -3.70682 128.027 1.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
hp_0391 Halulai Sulawesi Tengah -1.43615 120.4281583 1.20 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1202 Ili-2 Maluku -3.27089 126.381 33.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1189 Irauri Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.20395 124.9 0.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1218 Isal-1 Maluku -3.12291 129.617 23.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaEX_0103 Isal-2 Maluku Utara -3.095964 129.633884 60.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1219 Isal-3 Maluku -3.03425 129.664 15.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1230 Jajawi Maluku Utara 0.512704 127.746 5.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1096 Kadassa-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.60254 119.823 9.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1137 Jomal Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.75005 120.145 21.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1225 Jori Maluku -3.63568 128.239 0.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1097 Kadassa-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.51892 119.891 3.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1093 Kalada Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.495 119.601 3.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_0723 Ratodena Sulawesi Tengah -1.75315 120.645 28.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1099 Kamatang-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.62579 120.052 0.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1100 Kamatang-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.60151 120.073 0.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1102 Kambera-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.85961 120.11 3.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1103 Kambera-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.83515 120.193 67.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1105 Kambera-3 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.78125 120.245 7.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
hp_0462 Sakita (Mampueno) Sulawesi Tengah -2.576 121.9668694 2.00 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1098 Kapunduk Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.53283 120.001 2.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1091 Karendi-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.52253 119.472 21.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1092 Karendi-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.46581 119.448 3.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1214 Kuma Maluku -3.49607 126.242 10.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1101 Lakalamba Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.55691 120.06 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1135 Laku Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.71188 120.591 6.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1232 Lamo-1 Maluku Utara 1.16536 127.574 4.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1106 Lamuk Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.8635 120.316 1.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_0841 Lariang-11 Sulawesi Tengah -1.29848 119.698 12.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1191 Larana Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.30618 125.084 0.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1122 Lawo Lambo Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.6769 121.296 3.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1185 Leke Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.83430 124.19100 4.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1208 Leman Maluku -3.10490 126.76900 6.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1224 Liocopa Maluku -3.26743 128.388 5.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
hp_0422 Lobong Sulawesi Utara 0.772738 124.246235 1.60 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
hp_0038 Lokomboro 1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.618311 119.296748 1.00 Consultant WILNTT
hp_0121 Lokomboro Cascading (#4 & #5) Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.619165 119.294385 0.40 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILNTT
hp_0122 Lokomboro Extention (#2 & #3) Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.61917 119.29439 1.00 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILNTT
JicaPR_1228 Lot Maluku -3.60525 128.074 1.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
hp_0216 Makariki Maluku -3.28 129.5444444 4.00 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILMMU
JicaPR_1220 Mala Maluku -3.13269 128.799 6.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1212 Mala-1 Maluku -3.53009 126.443 36.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1204 Mama Maluku -3.18166 126.518 8.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_0735 Malik Sulawesi Tengah -0.655367 123.261 3.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1190 Manasako Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.24208 125.002 2.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1203 Mangi Maluku -3.24012 126.441 17.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1178 Mau Besi Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.53515 124.75500 2.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
hp_0091 Ranteangin 6 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.636311 121.0709 6.30 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_1110 Melolo-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -10.0081 120.465 1.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1111 Melolo-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.96294 120.505 2.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1182 Menu-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.82387 124.73 2.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1133 Meseh-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.65108 120.368 10.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
hp_0211 Ndungga Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.769308333 121.6784583 2.00 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILNTT
JicaPR_1134 Meseh-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.69532 120.39 9.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1186 Mina Nusa Tenggara Timur -10.01030 124.15900 20.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1132 Moke Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.74113 120.844 24.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
Annex I – Updated list of identified potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi Page 1 of 6
ID Project Name Province Latitude (WGS84) Longitude (WGS84) Installed Capacity (MW) Source PLN Wilayah
hp_0419 Mobuya Sulawesi Utara 0.836074 124.428724 3.00 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
hp_0445 Mongango Gorontalo 0.856911 123.166012 1.20 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_234 PLTA Tina Maluku Utara -3.72383 126.73281 12.00 PLN_wilayah WILMMU
JicaPR_1236 Ngodama Maluku Utara 1.52992 127.767 5.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1207 Nibe Maluku -3.13427 126.611 33.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1138 Noni Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.80533 123.83 7.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1114 Nowa Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.55021 119.995 1.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1222 Nua Maluku -3.20162 129.09 10.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1238 Onat Maluku Utara 1.09537 128.446 13.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
fs_230 PLTM Iya Gorontalo 0.388858479 123.4728835 2.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1234 Paca Maluku Utara 1.56664 127.935 1.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
hp_0311 Paddumpu Sulawesi Tengah 0.688225 120.2421472 5.00 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1094 Palame-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.55974 119.796 2.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
hp_0449 Ranteballa Sulawesi Selatan -3.35944 120.18314 2.40 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_1095 Palame-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.50468 119.778 1.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1221 Pia Maluku -3.13402 128.96000 10.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1112 Parainglala Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.66756 119.513 15.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1247 Pastu Ra Maluku Utara -0.53033 127.373 2.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1209 Apu Maluku -3.50372 126.889 17.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_0852 Anagilen Sulawesi Utara 0.872754 123.181 5.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
hp_0072 Wining Sulawesi Tenggara -5.40235 122.90155 1.60 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0853 Balaannaitam Sulawesi Utara 0.85090 123.34400 6.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0732 Balingara Sulawesi Tengah -1.10704 121.90891 53.69 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0730 Bangketa-1 Sulawesi Tengah -1.12285 122.15312 16.55 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
hp_1010 Poigar 1 Sulawesi Utara 0.81560 124.43231 2.40 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0731 Bangketa-2 Sulawesi Tengah -1.01922 122.11798 41.53 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_233 PLTM Goal Maluku Utara -1.212638889 127.5518889 1.95 PLN_wilayah WILMMU
fs_242 PLTM Harunda Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.57253 119.86131 1.45 PLN_wilayah WILNTT
JicaPR_0736 Batui Sulawesi Tengah -1.19690 122.51100 19.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_243 PLTM Lapopu-Wanakaka Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.675388889 119.4961944 1.60 PLN_wilayah WILNTT
fs_244 PLTM Lokomboro 6 & 7 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.619822222 119.2932639 0.40 PLN_wilayah WILNTT
fs_164 PLTM Wawopada Gorontalo -1.894728278 121.1718041 3.00 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_241 PLTM Nggongi Nusa Tenggara Timur -10.202022 120.254414 0.03 PLN_wilayah WILNTT
JicaPR_0856 Bayau-1 Sulawesi Utara 0.703591 123.581 4.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0849 Binontoan Sulawesi Tengah 1.18617 121.04846 29.28 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaEX_0113 Bone-2 Gorontalo 0.501115 123.308143 26.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0712 Bone-1 Gorontalo 0.537425 123.351 31.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_215 PLTM Sabuku Gorontalo 0.5327 120.39845 6.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0713 Bone-3 Gorontalo 0.60135 123.302 20.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_228 PLTM Sinombulung Gorontalo 0.530560167 121.1023663 4.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_177 PLTM Taludaa 2 Gorontalo 0.375884816 123.470612 2.00 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_238 PLTM Sita Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.752638889 120.5690278 1.00 PLN_wilayah WILNTT
JicaPR_0727 Bongka-1 Sulawesi Tengah -1.263371 121.734988 148.34 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_227 PLTM Siyuntoyo Gorontalo 0.544031417 121.1369351 3.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0728 Bongka-2 Sulawesi Tengah -1.20892 121.58039 193.03 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0711 Bulawa Sulawesi Utara 0.48443 123.566 7.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
hp_0456 Buleleng Sulawesi Tengah -3.002333333 122.1894444 1.20 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0714 Bulongo Gorontalo 0.628127 123.089 8.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0850 Buol-1 Sulawesi Tengah 1.02076 121.224447 11.29 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0851 Buol-2 Sulawesi Tengah 0.948612 121.16989 26.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_245 PLTM Umbuwangu 2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.599797222 119.1554861 0.20 PLN_wilayah WILNTT
fs_236 PLTM Wae Lega Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.542694444 120.3818889 1.75 PLN_wilayah WILNTT
JicaPR_0747 Dopi Sulawesi Tengah -2.864618 122.052386 5.54 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0861 Dumoga-2 Sulawesi Utara 0.832007 124.103 35.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_192 PLTM Sapalewa Maluku Utara -2.925055556 128.4741389 8.00 PLN_pusat WILMMU
JicaPR_0858 Gamputa Sulawesi Utara 0.789125 123.542 9.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
hp_0052 Hanga-hanga Sulawesi Tengah -0.945269 122.768667 2.00 Consultant WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0854 Ilanga-1 Sulawesi Utara 0.683094 123.745 5.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0855 Ilanga-2 Sulawesi Utara 0.741612 123.707 18.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0744 Karaupa Sulawesi Tengah -2.328537 121.632754 25.65 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
hp_0281 Kolori Sulawesi Tengah -1.837533333 120.272425 0.40 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_220 Kuala Kilo Gorontalo -1.294549191 120.5532469 10.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_221 Kuala Tengah Gorontalo -1.29145261 120.5456025 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1205 Ranu-1 Maluku -3.38189 126.562 17.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1123 Rea Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.64966 121.696 2.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1129 Ria Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.75075 121.702 4.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1130 Ria Mboeli Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.75812 121.86500 1.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_0734 Labu-2 Sulawesi Tengah -0.805353 122.493 2.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0722 Lambunu Sulawesi Tengah 0.547397 120.935831 1.32 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0857 Sangkur/Bayau Sulawesi Utara 0.830293 123.639 21.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1242 Sangaji Maluku Utara 0.723046 128.128 16.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
hp_0394 Sawidago-3 Sulawesi Tengah -1.751447222 120.693575 1.60 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_178 PLTM Bone Gorontalo 0.502120167 123.270364 7.40 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaEX_0111 Sitoto Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.47348 123.958 15.24 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1121 Sissa Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.6099 121.225 6.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1143 Sttoto Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.47348 123.95800 29.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1231 Tahafo Maluku Utara 1.44668 127.588 3.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
fs_216 PLTM Tabong Gorontalo 0.913412752 121.1611364 7.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1223 Tala Maluku -3.30043 128.649 53.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1237 Talawi Maluku Utara 0.965435 127.98 21.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1139 Taramanu-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.76814 123.814 9.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_0831 Lariang-1 Sulawesi Tengah -1.79415 120.313 321.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0832 Lariang-2 Sulawesi Tengah -1.88251 120.195 254.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0833 Lariang-3 Sulawesi Tengah -2.01246 120.2 112.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
Annex I – Updated list of identified potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi Page 2 of 6
ID Project Name Province Latitude (WGS84) Longitude (WGS84) Installed Capacity (MW) Source PLN Wilayah
JicaPR_0834 Lariang-4 Sulawesi Tengah -1.95005 120.15500 424.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0835 Lariang-5 Sulawesi Tengah -1.65935 120.023 472.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1211 Tina Maluku -3.71546 126.704 23.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_0836 Lariang-6 Sulawesi Tengah -1.65083 119.869 217.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0838 Lariang-8 Sulawesi Tengah -1.91086 120.102 12.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0839 Lariang-9 Sulawesi Tengah -1.78414 120.037 12.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0745 Larongsangi Sulawesi Tengah -2.712467 121.952817 20.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
hp_0297 Lelipang Sulawesi Utara 3.486516667 125.5391528 0.60 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0846 Maraja-1 Sulawesi Tengah 0.878224 120.877755 4.02 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1184 Tuke Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.92787 124.554 1.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_0847 Maraja-2 Sulawesi Tengah 0.832471 120.863676 4.29 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0848 Maraja-3 Sulawesi Tengah 0.719212 120.579808 3.61 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0863 Mongondow Sulawesi Utara 0.818936 124.138 20.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
hp_0353 Waemala Maluku -3.16478 128.79391 2.00 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILMMU
JicaPR_1251 Wai Miha Maluku Utara -1.85535 124.68800 8.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1117 Wai Naong Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.50598 120.53900 15.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1116 Wai Ranjang Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.51533 120.41700 9.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1115 Wai Ru Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.50656 120.36700 8.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
hp_0183 Wai Tina Maluku -3.723472222 126.732325 8.00 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILMMU
JicaPR_1104 Waikudu Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.78111 120.115 1.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1127 Wajo-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.67160 122.08600 1.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1128 Wajo-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.72894 122.02000 2.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_0864 Mooat Sulawesi Utara 0.77851 124.45500 0.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0739 Morowali Sulawesi Tengah -1.67615 121.431052 9.63 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0715 Paguyaman-1 Gorontalo 0.79176 122.24868 4.04 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0716 Paguyaman-2 Gorontalo 0.770679 122.318989 16.61 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1109 Watumbaka Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.82015 120.39 1.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_0844 Palu-2 Sulawesi Tengah -1.33034 119.961 21.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0845 Palu-2A Sulawesi Tengah -1.27966 119.94700 3.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1113 Watupanggantu Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.61406 119.31800 7.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_0726 Pandiri Sulawesi Tengah -1.51959 120.766 24.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1249 Wooi Besar-1 Maluku Utara -1.56625 127.884 17.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1250 Wooi Besar-2 Maluku Utara -1.62705 127.96 7.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_0842 Pasangkayu-1 Sulawesi Tengah -1.08941 119.668 18.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0843 Pasangkayu-2 Sulawesi Tengah -1.28184 119.61 18.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_218 PLTM Alani Gorontalo -1.4875 122.8583333 7.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_219 PLTM Biak Gorontalo -0.88333 122.86667 4.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_159 PLTM Batu No Botak Gorontalo 0.996247222 120.8912194 5.00 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_224 PLTM Kabalo Gorontalo -1.45833 121.05091 2.20 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_160 PLTM Bongkasoa-Simpoyo Gorontalo -1.12944 121.47218 1.40 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_161 PLTM Dako Gorontalo 1.08347 120.88933 1.40 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_210 PLTM Karangana I Gorontalo -1.82874 119.99662 9.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_211 PLTM Karangana II Gorontalo -1.80533 120.02150 10.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_212 PLTM Karangana III Gorontalo -1.78000 120.04483 8.50 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_162 PLTM Sampaga Gorontalo 0.663055556 120.08194 1.22 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_163 PLTM Pono Gorontalo -1.539188889 120.0295056 6.07 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_222 PLTM Lobu Gorontalo -0.85380 122.5220222 5.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_165 PLTM Yaentu Gorontalo -1.84075 120.86486 10.00 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_166 PLTM Tomasa Gorontalo -1.67613 120.74639 10.00 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_213 PLTM Mapahi Gorontalo -1.78014 120.04794 7.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_223 PLTM Masewo Gorontalo -1.82215 120.00194 8.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_167 PLTM Bambalo 2 Gorontalo -1.431861111 120.9321111 1.80 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_168 PLTM Bengkoli Gorontalo 0.6793903 120.1992577 2.50 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_169 PLTM Ponju Gorontalo 0.59611 120.10167 3.00 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_170 PLTM Dominanga Gorontalo 0.35811 123.79876 3.50 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_171 PLTM Ranowano Minahasa Gorontalo 1.36731 124.68664 2.40 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_172 PLTM Tincep 2 Gorontalo 1.27794 124.74421 1.15 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_173 PLTM Tincep 3 Gorontalo 1.277288889 124.7396806 2.20 PLN_pusat WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_174 PLTM Pidung Gorontalo 0.5196 124.402 2.00 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_225 PLTM Tinombo Gorontalo 0.449622222 120.2360639 1.70 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
fs_229 PLTM Tirtanagaya Gorontalo 0.575078639 120.9429774 PLN_wilayah WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0865 Poigar-1 Sulawesi Utara 0.810621 124.444 6.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0866 Poigar-4 Sulawesi Utara 0.969832 124.308 7.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0724 Poso-1 Sulawesi Tengah -1.67002 120.654 200.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0758 Andolaki-1 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.510456 121.264063 14.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0759 Andolaki-2 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.517162 121.269351 7.91 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0760 Andolaki-3 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.57339 121.31464 15.17 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0780 Awo Sulawesi Selatan -3.70426 120.17000 2.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0089 Ranteangin 8 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.61628 121.09670 1.60 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0779 Bajo Sulawesi Selatan -3.36809 120.189 1.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0100 Balambano Sulawesi Selatan -2.644822 121.220092 13.00 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0235 Baliase Sulawesi Selatan -2.420813889 120.3749028 9.00 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0437 Balla Sulawesi Barat -3.01700 119.31692 0.70 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0786 Batuputi Sulawesi Selatan -4.78268 119.954 11.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0242 Belajen Sulawesi Selatan -3.313333333 119.8277778 8.30 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0448 Bonehau Sulawesi Barat -2.69072 119.208367 4.00 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0808 Bonto Batu Sulawesi Selatan -3.4687 119.758 235.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0827 Budung-1 Sulawesi Barat -1.84379 119.75 27.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0828 Budung-2 Sulawesi Barat -1.95523 119.688 31.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0829 Budung-3 Sulawesi Barat -2.01121 119.616 14.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0830 Budung-4 Sulawesi Barat -1.93751 119.618 14.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0408 Bungin Sulawesi Selatan -3.528611111 119.9422778 3.00 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0824 Calumpang Sulawesi Barat -2.45523 119.459 356.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0788 Cancadi Sulawesi Selatan -4.5624 119.869 12.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
Annex I – Updated list of identified potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi Page 3 of 6
ID Project Name Province Latitude (WGS84) Longitude (WGS84) Installed Capacity (MW) Source PLN Wilayah
JicaPR_0764 Iwoimenda Sulawesi Tenggara -3.751833 121.25435 8.65 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0798 Jeneberang Sulawesi Selatan -5.28073 119.752 21.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0799 Jenetakka Sulawesi Selatan -5.34931 119.66500 6.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0770 Kalaena-1 Sulawesi Selatan -2.26881 120.64979 39.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0771 Kalaena-2 Sulawesi Selatan -2.33991 120.72092 41.59 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0772 Kalaena-3 Sulawesi Selatan -2.41954 120.77213 53.54 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0790 Kalempang-1 Sulawesi Selatan -3.53241 119.94400 15.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0791 Kalempang-2 Sulawesi Selatan -3.68342 119.93000 21.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0792 Kalempang-3 Sulawesi Selatan -3.74337 120.06700 7.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0822 Kaluku Sulawesi Barat -2.62100 119.15000 35.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0823 Karama-1 Sulawesi Selatan -2.3258 119.668 824.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0825 Karama-2 Sulawesi Barat -2.40754 119.382 791.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0116 Karebe Sulawesi Selatan -2.668436 121.185356 14.00 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0796 Kelarat-1 Sulawesi Selatan -5.54991 119.801 25.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
fs_182 PLTM Bungin 3 Sulawesi Barat -3.519472222 120.0016667 5.00 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0797 Kelarat-2 Sulawesi Selatan -5.6051 119.748 19.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0826 Kerataun Sulawesi Barat -2.55543 119.54400 54.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0094 Ranteangin 3 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.626563 121.106125 1.30 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0761 Konaweha-1 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.434928 121.249969 22.17 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0818 Mandar-3 Sulawesi Barat -3.37622 119.018 17.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0762 Konaweha-2 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.63942 121.51305 188.95 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaEX_0082 Konaweha-3 Sulawesi Barat -3.733333333 121.8333333 24.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0409 Konaweha-4* Sulawesi Tenggara -3.70000 121.75000 26.00 PLN (1 - Masterplan of HEPP Development List) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0748 Lalindu-1 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.011079 121.954221 200.09 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0749 Lalindu-2 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.146164 122.072296 85.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0093 Ranteangin 4 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.61722 121.09856 3.00 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0789 Langkana Sulawesi Selatan -4.47713 119.87200 6.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0752 Lasolo-3 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.32391 121.72662 11.27 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0222 Lapai I Sulawesi Tenggara -3.372638889 121.0570833 4.00 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0221 Lapai II Sulawesi Tenggara -3.33652 121.04297 4.00 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0840 Lariang-10 Sulawesi Barat -1.512300 119.63400 7.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0837 Lariang-7 Sulawesi Barat -1.41527 119.64900 639.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaEX_0083 Larona Sulawesi Barat -2.77189 121.329445 165.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0750 Lasolo-1 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.15754 121.67825 58.62 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0751 Lasolo-2 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.42487 121.705289 3.42 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0092 Ranteangin 5 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.63532 121.07142 4.50 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
JicaEX_0081 Lasolo-4 Sulawesi Barat -3.42629 122.011122 100.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0042 Lasusua 1 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.54589 120.96619 3.10 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0041 Lasusua 2 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.53086 120.94267 4.00 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0821 Malunda Sulawesi Barat -2.96581 118.89800 36.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0810 Mamasa-1 Sulawesi Barat -3.09790 119.30400 183.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0803 Mamasa-2 Sulawesi Barat -3.11396 119.30900 19.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0090 Ranteangin 7 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.64216 121.05341 2.10 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0816 Mandar-1 Sulawesi Barat -3.13924 118.96100 17.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0817 Mandar-2 Sulawesi Barat -3.23099 118.99700 19.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0807 Mandate Sulawesi Selatan -3.43526 119.80100 203.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0820 Manyamba Sulawesi Barat -3.15061 118.86500 13.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0812 Mapili-1 Sulawesi Barat -3.04606 119.07600 72.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0813 Mapili-2 Sulawesi Barat -3.14412 119.08000 90.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0814 Mapili-3 Sulawesi Barat -3.29238 119.11900 55.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0800 Maros Sulawesi Selatan -5.16229 119.75900 26.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0815 Masuni Sulawesi Barat -3.19018 119.15000 413.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0801 Masupu-1 Sulawesi Selatan -3.09842 119.62900 40.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0802 Masupu-2 Sulawesi Selatan -3.27303 119.69400 145.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0806 Mata Alo-1 Sulawesi Selatan -3.43625 119.94200 9.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
fs_204 PLTM Tomoni Sulawesi Barat -2.47583 120.70611 10.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0809 Mataalo-3 Sulawesi Selatan -3.54509 119.78700 71.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0819 Matana-2 Sulawesi Barat -3.34547 118.99000 6.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0447 Mikuasi (PLN) Sulawesi Tenggara -3.24549 121.09686 0.50 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0783 Minraleng-2 Sulawesi Selatan -4.82012 119.97900 42.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
fs_231 PLTM Pamoseang Sulawesi Barat -2.99861 119.10339 6.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0805 Paleleng-2 Sulawesi Selatan -3.48474 119.66100 112.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0777 Paramang-1 Sulawesi Selatan -3.19711 120.06300 12.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0778 Paramang-2 Sulawesi Selatan -3.26855 120.20500 31.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0773 Patikala-1 Sulawesi Selatan -2.34275 120.41080 20.56 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0774 Patikala-2 Sulawesi Selatan -2.43092 120.34821 19.91 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0434 Sabilambo Sulawesi Tenggara -4.05728 121.70453 2.00 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULSELRABAR
fs_232 PLTM Aralle Sulawesi Barat -2.98812 119.06834 8.70 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_193 PLTM Batukede Sulawesi Barat -3.19112 119.53215 8.85 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_194 PLTM Benteng Malewang Sulawesi Barat -5.40883 120.03546 5.20 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_208 PLTM Bontomantene Sulawesi Barat -5.38083 120.10330 2.22 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_207 PLTM Bungin 2 Sulawesi Barat -3.51406 119.90036 10.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_201 PLTM Datara Sulawesi Barat -5.44856 119.79539 9.50 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_202 PLTM Kadundung Sulawesi Barat -3.38590 120.16330 3.20 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_209 PLTM Kindang Sulawesi Barat -5.40883 120.03546 3.50 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_205 PLTM Kindang 2 Sulawesi Barat -5.35028 120.06389 3.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_195 PLTM Ma'dong Sulawesi Barat -2.95261 119.80867 10.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_198 PLTM Maiting Hulu 2 Sulawesi Barat -2.86501 119.84459 8.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_196 PLTM Patikala Sulawesi Barat -2.45269 120.40989 6.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_203 PLTM Paun Sulawesi Barat -3.20373 119.54412 9.20 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0438 Rongi Sulawesi Tenggara -5.529794 122.739031 0.80 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULSELRABAR
fs_206 PLTM Rongkong 3 Sulawesi Barat -2.566284915 119.9880363 7.60 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_199 PLTM Sapaya Sulawesi Barat -5.338175 119.7035194 5.20 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_179 PLTM Dusun Palantieng Sulawesi Barat -4.85 120.3166667 4.00 PLN_pusat WILSULSELRABAR
Annex I – Updated list of identified potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi Page 4 of 6
ID Project Name Province Latitude (WGS84) Longitude (WGS84) Installed Capacity (MW) Source PLN Wilayah
fs_180 PLTM Kahaya Sulawesi Barat -5.323333333 120.0039111 3.00 PLN_pusat WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0436 Rongkong Sulawesi Selatan -2.615975 120.094831 8.10 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULSELRABAR
fs_181 PLTMH Eremerasa Sulawesi Barat -5.470194444 120.0155139 1.30 PLN_pusat WILSULSELRABAR
fs_183 PLTM Saluanoa Sulawesi Barat -2.338686111 120.7916667 2.00 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULSELRABAR
fs_184 PLTM Pasui 2 Sulawesi Barat -3.43547 119.89486 6.40 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULSELRABAR
fs_185 PLTM Mallawa Sulawesi Barat -4.82222 119.88222 5.00 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULSELRABAR
fs_186 PLTM Tombolo Pao Sulawesi Barat -5.188611111 119.94 2.00 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULSELRABAR
fs_187 PLTM Bantaeng 1 Sulawesi Barat -5.387033333 120.0121861 4.20 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULSELRABAR
fs_217 PLTM Tomata Sulawesi Barat -2.254166667 120.9527778 10.00 PLN_wilayah WILSULSELRABAR
fs_188 PLTM Malua Sulawesi Barat -3.29806 119.94761 4.60 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULSELRABAR
fs_189 PLTM Kondongan Sulawesi Barat -3.02975 119.73861 3.45 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULSELRABAR
fs_190 PLTM Pongbatik Sulawesi Barat -2.988805556 119.69261 3.00 PLN_pusat_repository WILSULSELRABAR
JicaEX_0087 Poko Sulawesi Barat -3.43333 119.5833333 233.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0767 Pongkeru-1 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.12768 121.30529 100.47 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0784 Walimpong Sulawesi Selatan -4.50931 120.00000 46.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0768 Pongkeru-2 Sulawesi Selatan -2.94501 121.24547 46.86 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0769 Pongkeru-3 Sulawesi Selatan -2.79922 121.18741 235.11 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0096 Ranteangin 1 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.63282 121.13919 2.00 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0095 Ranteangin 2 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.63243 121.11635 2.00 Consultant WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0811 Rentelemo Sulawesi Barat -2.92989 119.216 6.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0401 Riorita Sulawesi Tenggara -3.122777778 121.1327778 1.00 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0775 Rongkong-1 Sulawesi Selatan -2.544673 120.137684 18.21 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0776 Rongkong-2 Sulawesi Selatan -2.58591 120.02389 22.30 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0335 Simbuang Sulawesi Selatan -2.864361111 120.0396667 3.00 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0141 Siteba Sulawesi Selatan -2.779882545 120.1026734 7.50 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0781 Siwa Sulawesi Selatan -3.64996 120.27700 1.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0804 Soreang Sulawesi Selatan -3.31169 119.45500 833.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0763 Tamboli Sulawesi Tenggara -3.88006 121.35300 21.35 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0118 Tangka/Manippi Sulawesi Selatan -5.199759 120.023517 10.00 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0793 Tangkak-1 Sulawesi Selatan -5.19107 120.048 8.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0795 Tangkak-3 Sulawesi Selatan -5.07425 120.088 34.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0753 Toma-1 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.470371 121.544545 2.81 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0754 Toma-2 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.55711 121.54456 2.52 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0755 Toma-3 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.476059 121.622785 2.66 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0756 Toma-4 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.589815 121.661485 5.44 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0757 Toma-5 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.655225 121.602881 33.87 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0787 Urapat Sulawesi Selatan -4.6057 119.85 23.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
hp_0352 Ussu Malili Sulawesi Selatan -2.552777778 121.1055556 3.00 PLN (3 - Minihydro IPP Project) WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0719 Randangan-3 Gorontalo 0.726881 121.676725 77.19 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0765 Watunohu-1 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.396286 121.095037 58.57 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0766 Watunohu-2 Sulawesi Tenggara -3.373451 121.079133 17.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0725 Poso-2 Sulawesi Tengah -1.61372 120.698 136.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0717 Randangan-1 Gorontalo 0.703935 121.910705 17.81 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0718 Randangan-2 Gorontalo 0.681099 121.882636 5.58 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0720 Randangan-4 Gorontalo 0.661779 121.734799 39.53 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0868 Ranoyapo-2 Sulawesi Utara 1.13352 124.584 29.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0869 Sawangan Sulawesi Utara 1.35016 124.947 9.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
hp_0367 Sawidago-1 #1 Sulawesi Tengah -1.744316667 120.6742944 0.38 PLN (4 - Minihydro PLN Project) WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0746 Siumbatu Sulawesi Tengah -2.780721 121.982684 9.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0737 Solato-1 Sulawesi Tengah -1.576029 121.596195 26.94 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0738 Solato-2 Sulawesi Tengah -1.695472 121.654175 31.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0740 Sumara Sulawesi Tengah -1.701452 121.308408 8.22 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0729 Taima Sulawesi Tengah -0.820643 122.378 2.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0741 Tambalako-1 Sulawesi Tengah -2.275923 121.13772 18.12 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0742 Tambalako-2 Sulawesi Tengah -2.248907 121.221633 25.06 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0743 Tambalako-3 Sulawesi Tengah -2.277345 121.341133 38.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaEX_0094 Tanggari-1 Gorontalo 1.32245 124.925 16.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0721 Tuladengi Sulawesi Tengah 0.513963 121.094219 18.42 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_0862 Toadon Sulawesi Utara 0.815091 124.205 1.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaEX_0095 Tonsea Lama Gorontalo 1.29867 124.925 14.38 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaEX_0093 Tanggari-2 Gorontalo 1.33664 124.934 19.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaEX_0092 Poigar-3 Gorontalo 0.878193 124.387272 13.54 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaEX_0091 Poigar-2 Gorontalo 0.858475 124.411351 25.38 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaEX_0090 Palu-3 Gorontalo -1.285259 120.110732 74.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1177 Benain-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.71755 124.462 10.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaEX_0084 Bili-Bili Sulawesi Barat -5.279 119.585 11.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaEX_0089 Bakaru (2nd Stage) Sulawesi Barat -3.463085 119.63707 126.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaEX_0088 Bakaru (1st Stage) Sulawesi Barat -3.45417 119.62300 126.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaEX_0086 Batu Sulawesi Barat -3.42761 119.71149 271.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_1240 Akelamo-2 Maluku Utara 1.39329 128.59400 11.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_0859 Ayoung Sulawesi Utara 0.79131 123.91500 8.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1179 Benain-2 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.56739 124.84100 4.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1180 Benain-2A Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.55657 124.831 37.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_0860 Dumoga-1 Sulawesi Utara 0.581782 123.852 11.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1210 Garen Maluku -3.34027 126.83700 10.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1245 Kasiruta Maluku Utara -0.458707 127.199 2.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1108 Kambera-4 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.76889 120.24900 10.60 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1141 Kapsali Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.70874 123.79800 5.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1217 Kina Maluku -2.91544 128.742 8.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_0870 Kuwil Sulawesi Utara 1.4511 124.921 9.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1131 Lake Nusa Tenggara Timur -8.64437 120.801 4.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1235 Lamo Maluku Utara 1.56896 127.785 12.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1233 Lamo-2 Maluku Utara 1.15772 127.51700 2.10 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1226 Loehoe Maluku -3.65587 128.20700 0.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
Annex I – Updated list of identified potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi Page 5 of 6
ID Project Name Province Latitude (WGS84) Longitude (WGS84) Installed Capacity (MW) Source PLN Wilayah
JicaPR_1215 Mala-1 Maluku -3.02508 128.46300 28.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1213 Mala-2 Maluku -3.66917 126.38900 12.70 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1216 Mala-2 Maluku -2.93029 128.471 31.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1181 Menu-1 Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.84369 124.648 1.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1142 Metan Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.64835 123.732 26.80 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1187 Mina Alt Nusa Tenggara Timur -10.0211 124.15 37.40 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_0782 Minraleng-1 Sulawesi Selatan -4.87933 119.93000 31.90 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_0785 Mong Sulawesi Selatan -4.47515 120.01600 264.00 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULSELRABAR
JicaPR_1183 Muke Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.97643 124.411 0.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
JicaPR_1246 Paisu Sajgang Maluku Utara -0.57075 127.56100 2.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_0867 Ranoyapo-1 Sulawesi Utara 1.02499 124.532 12.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILSULUTTENGGO
JicaPR_1206 Ranu-2 Maluku -3.34719 126.572 6.50 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILMMU
JicaPR_1107 Rita Nusa Tenggara Timur -9.83968 120.218 8.20 Hydro Inventory Study_1997 WILNTT
Annex I – Updated list of identified potential in NTT, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Sulawesi Page 6 of 6
ANNEX II – DEMAND FORECAST RESULTS
Sulawesi demand forecast results
District ID Province Regency District habitants/household Population # Households Energy demand (GWh) Peak demand (MW)
7101021 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Dumoga Barat 4.25 31 576 7 434 10.20 1.87
7101022 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Dumoga Utara 3.88 25 492 6 574 9.02 1.65
7101023 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Dumoga Timur 4.07 38 257 9 407 12.91 2.36
7101060 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Lolayan 4.42 27 473 6 212 8.53 1.56
7101081 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Passi Barat 4.55 17 802 3 917 5.38 0.98
7101082 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Passi Timur 3.97 13 408 3 377 4.64 0.85
7101083 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Bilalang 4.28 7 212 1 685 2.31 0.42
7101090 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Poigar 3.79 20 280 5 346 7.34 1.34
7101100 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Bolaang 4.43 20 411 4 603 6.32 1.15
7101101 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Bolaang Timur 4.19 11 440 2 730 3.75 0.68
7101110 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Lolak 4.25 29 457 6 930 9.51 1.74
7101120 Sulawesi Utara Bolaang Mongondow Sangtombolang 4.10 11 378 2 774 3.81 0.70
7102091 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Langowan Timur 3.41 14 550 4 263 5.85 1.07
7102092 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Langowan Barat 3.42 18 030 5 266 7.23 1.32
7102093 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Langowan Selatan 3.38 8 879 2 625 3.60 0.66
7102094 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Langowan Utara 3.15 9 514 3 018 4.14 0.76
7102110 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Tompaso 3.83 18 048 4 708 6.46 1.18
7102120 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Kawangkoan 3.69 30 843 8 361 11.48 2.10
7102130 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Sonder 3.67 20 840 5 675 7.79 1.42
7102160 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Tombariri 3.73 30 541 8 178 11.23 2.05
7102170 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Pineleng 4.05 53 673 13 237 18.17 3.32
7102171 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Tombulu 3.67 17 887 4 870 6.69 1.22
7102190 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Tondano Barat 4.08 22 458 5 501 7.55 1.38
7102191 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Tondano Selatan 2.82 23 475 8 333 11.44 2.09
7102200 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Remboken 3.85 13 090 3 402 4.67 0.85
7102210 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Kakas 3.50 25 255 7 217 9.91 1.81
7102220 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Lembean Timur 3.45 8 958 2 594 3.56 0.65
7102230 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Eris 3.71 11 826 3 187 4.37 0.80
7102240 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Kombi 3.45 11 948 3 466 4.76 0.87
7102250 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Tondano Timur 4.00 16 398 4 101 5.63 1.03
7102251 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Tondano Utara 4.06 13 349 3 288 4.51 0.82
7103040 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Manganitu Selatan 3.82 11 790 3 086 4.24 0.77
7103041 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Tatoareng 3.65 5 189 1 421 1.95 0.36
7103050 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Tamako 3.74 15 468 4 136 5.68 1.04
7103060 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Tabukan Selatan 3.78 6 978 1 847 2.54 0.46
7103061 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Tabukan Selatan Tengah 3.41 3 225 945 1.30 0.24
7103062 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Tabukan Selatan Tenggara 3.64 2 509 690 0.95 0.17
7103070 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Tabukan Tengah 3.81 12 260 3 218 4.42 0.81
7103080 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Manganitu 3.78 16 555 4 379 6.01 1.10
7103090 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Tahuna 3.91 18 989 4 851 6.66 1.22
7103091 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Tahuna Timur 3.96 14 737 3 719 5.11 0.93
7103092 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Tahuna Barat 3.76 6 481 1 723 2.37 0.43
7103100 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Tabukan Utara 3.84 23 161 6 025 8.27 1.51
7103101 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Nusa Tabukan 3.75 3 476 927 1.27 0.23
7103102 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Kepulauan Marore 3.96 1 633 413 0.57 0.10
7103110 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Sangihe Kendahe 3.82 7 696 2 013 2.76 0.51
7104010 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Kabaruan 3.90 6 516 1 671 2.29 0.42
7104011 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Damau 3.75 4 914 1 310 1.80 0.33
7104020 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Lirung 4.33 7 307 1 689 2.32 0.42
7104021 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Salibabu 3.92 6 628 1 690 2.32 0.42
7104022 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Kalongan 3.84 3 644 948 1.30 0.24
7104023 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Moronge 3.85 4 174 1 085 1.49 0.27
7104030 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Melonguane 4.00 12 458 3 115 4.28 0.78
7104031 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Melonguane Timur 3.78 3 530 935 1.28 0.23
7104040 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Beo 4.08 6 574 1 612 2.21 0.40
7104041 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Beo Utara 4.15 4 297 1 035 1.42 0.26
7104042 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Beo Selatan 4.39 4 138 942 1.29 0.24
7104050 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Rainis 4.24 7 095 1 676 2.30 0.42
7104051 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Tampa Na'mma 4.44 6 545 1 476 2.03 0.37
7104052 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Pulutan 3.71 2 326 628 0.86 0.16
7104060 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Essang 4.62 4 045 876 1.20 0.22
7104061 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Essang Selatan 4.47 3 808 852 1.17 0.21
7104070 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Gemeh 4.05 6 513 1 610 2.21 0.40
7104080 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Nanusa 4.03 3 969 986 1.35 0.25
7104081 Sulawesi Utara Kepulauan Talaud Miangas 4.31 867 202 0.28 0.05
7105010 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Modoinding 3.47 13 483 3 883 5.33 0.97
7105020 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Tompaso Baru 3.71 14 007 3 775 5.18 0.95
7105021 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Maesaan 3.52 11 570 3 292 4.52 0.83
7105070 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Ranoyapo 3.59 14 088 3 921 5.38 0.98
7105080 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Motoling 3.63 8 562 2 360 3.24 0.59
7105081 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Kumelembuai 3.57 7 918 2 219 3.05 0.56
7105082 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Motoling Barat 3.68 9 122 2 482 3.41 0.62
7105083 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Motoling Timur 3.44 10 327 3 005 4.13 0.75
7105090 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Sinonsayang 3.84 18 102 4 719 6.48 1.18
7105100 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Tenga 3.77 20 460 5 432 7.46 1.36
7105111 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Amurang 4.04 19 360 4 788 6.57 1.20
7105112 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Amurang Barat 3.76 17 738 4 721 6.48 1.18
7105113 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Amurang Timur 3.85 16 157 4 196 5.76 1.05
7105120 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Tareran 3.60 14 442 4 014 5.51 1.01
7105121 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Sulta 3.26 8 452 2 592 3.56 0.65
7105130 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Tumpaan 3.82 18 377 4 810 6.60 1.21
7105131 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Tatapaan 3.78 10 674 2 823 3.88 0.71
7106010 Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Utara Kema 3.95 17 871 4 522 6.21 1.13
Project ID Village ID Village name Province Population Phase # Households Demand (kwh/year) Peak demand (kW) Longitude Latitude
10000 8171031001 LAHA MALUKU 3 684 Phase 1 1 411 1 447 686 273.8 128.10005 -3.71052
10001 5314050010 TUNGANAMO NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 2 139 Phase 1 531 373 293 80.5 123.20164 -10.63467
10002 5317030003 WAILA BUBUR NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 3 564 Phase 1 662 465 386 100.4 119.03563 -9.52981
10003 5313121012 SATAR NGKELING NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 565 Phase 1 132 112 068 24.2 120.47181 -8.55657
10004 5309072002 TUWAGOETOBI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 721 Phase 1 396 336 204 72.5 123.27743 -8.31733
10005 8105010020 FERUNI MALUKU 428 Phase 1 116 119 016 22.5 134.11951 -6.61252
10006 8101040012 LAURAN MALUKU 1 987 Phase 1 299 306 774 58.0 131.32572 -7.93559
10007 8204040012 BABANG MALUKU UTARA 3 166 Phase 1 760 779 760 157.1 127.60404 -0.62800
10008 8172040003 TUAL MALUKU 1 466 Phase 1 215 220 590 41.7 132.75213 -5.61843
10009 8108080021 YATOKE MALUKU 544 Phase 1 106 108 756 20.6 129.81205 -7.86212
10010 8171020009 KEL BATU MEJA MALUKU 6 Phase 1 2 2 052 0.4 128.19900 -3.69619
10011 5320040006 RAENYALE NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 852 Phase 1 400 281 200 60.7 121.86176 -10.53701
10012 5301060010 KALEMBU KUNI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 4 272 Phase 1 621 436 563 94.2 119.45650 -9.64268
10013 5313121012 SATAR NGKELING NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 140 Phase 1 33 28 017 6.0 120.46968 -8.55407
10014 5310041002 AIBURA NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 899 Phase 1 426 361 674 78.0 122.34502 -8.67095
10015 8105010010 GAIMAR MALUKU 127 Phase 1 36 36 936 7.0 134.24790 -6.61574
10016 8101041009 ARUI DAS MALUKU 963 Phase 1 224 229 824 43.5 131.53173 -7.72707
10017 8204040022 SAYOANG MALUKU UTARA 1 505 Phase 1 336 344 736 69.5 127.60008 -0.62241
10018 8172040003 TUAL MALUKU 3 251 Phase 1 813 834 138 157.8 132.74325 -5.61561
10019 8108030003 TUTUWARU MALUKU 417 Phase 1 103 105 678 20.0 127.65171 -8.21204
10020 8171020007 WAIHOKA MALUKU 126 Phase 1 32 32 832 6.2 128.19957 -3.69610
10021 5314010015 OEBATU NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 834 Phase 1 417 293 151 63.3 123.00635 -10.82106
10022 5302070011 KAMBAJAWA NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 468 Phase 1 88 61 864 13.3 120.24019 -9.67042
10023 5313121012 SATAR NGKELING NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 291 Phase 1 302 256 398 55.3 120.46596 -8.55483
10024 5308060015 MELUWITING NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 473 Phase 1 376 319 224 68.9 123.74824 -8.25406
10025 8105010015 DOKA BARAT MALUKU 100 Phase 1 25 25 650 4.9 134.24891 -6.61278
10026 8101051002 RUMNGEUR MALUKU 42 Phase 1 11 11 286 2.1 131.90937 -7.07561
10027 8271021008 MARIKURUBU MALUKU UTARA 4 189 Phase 1 996 1 021 896 205.9 127.37325 0.78911
10028 8102010042 OHOIDERTAWUN MALUKU 898 Phase 1 207 212 382 40.2 132.68286 -5.60904
10029 8108040001 WAKARLELI MALUKU 555 Phase 1 131 134 406 25.4 127.78335 -8.17146
10030 8171020007 WAIHOKA MALUKU 5 771 Phase 1 1 443 1 480 518 280.0 128.20122 -3.69246
10031 5314020012 TOLAMA NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 899 Phase 1 424 298 072 64.3 122.88602 -10.77819
10032 5302070011 KAMBAJAWA NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 313 Phase 1 59 41 477 8.9 120.23646 -9.67029
10033 5313121016 WAE MULU NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 919 Phase 1 428 363 372 78.4 120.46563 -8.54385
10034 5309073011 MANGAALENG NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 839 Phase 1 259 219 891 47.4 123.20874 -8.29567
10035 8105010015 DOKA BARAT MALUKU 289 Phase 1 71 72 846 13.8 134.23719 -6.60079
10036 8101051002 RUMNGEUR MALUKU 44 Phase 1 12 12 312 2.3 131.90912 -7.07442
10037 8203040002 DOFA MALUKU UTARA 2 124 Phase 1 483 495 558 99.8 125.35435 -1.80608
10038 8102012005 OHOIRA MALUKU 1 161 Phase 1 127 130 302 24.6 132.70631 -5.83020
10039 8108020011 HILA MALUKU 1 334 Phase 1 299 306 774 58.0 127.29648 -7.52392
10040 8171020016 BATU MERAH MALUKU 359 Phase 1 84 86 184 16.3 128.20321 -3.68856
10041 5306020013 UPT HAREKAKAE NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 664 Phase 1 355 249 565 53.8 124.93494 -9.55292
10042 5302081002 TEMU NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 5 126 Phase 1 671 471 713 101.8 120.22463 -9.67491
10043 5313120030 COMPANG DALO NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 45 Phase 1 10 8 490 1.8 120.38827 -8.60393
10044 5309073009 PEPAK KELU NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 102 Phase 1 221 187 629 40.5 123.23793 -8.29091
10045 8105010017 LAININIR MALUKU 546 Phase 1 122 125 172 23.7 134.23736 -6.59812
10046 8101051002 RUMNGEUR MALUKU 231 Phase 1 59 60 534 11.4 131.90788 -7.06775
10047 8203063006 LANGGANU MALUKU UTARA 2 325 Phase 1 558 572 508 115.3 124.37177 -1.69788
10048 8102020015 OHOIWAIT MALUKU 1 102 Phase 1 142 145 692 27.6 132.94447 -5.72476
10049 8108070011 TEPA MALUKU 150 Phase 1 24 24 624 4.7 129.58586 -7.89185
10050 8171020016 BATU MERAH MALUKU 333 Phase 1 78 80 028 15.1 128.20880 -3.69065
10051 5320040007 RAEKORE NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 473 Phase 1 338 237 614 51.3 121.90421 -10.53847
10052 5302070012 MBATAKAPIDU NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 682 Phase 1 320 224 960 48.5 120.22445 -9.67580
10053 5313120030 COMPANG DALO NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 420 Phase 1 88 74 712 16.1 120.38923 -8.60189
10054 5310070008 WULIWUTIK NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 216 Phase 1 249 211 401 45.6 122.16167 -8.62536
10055 8105010020 FERUNI MALUKU 179 Phase 1 49 50 274 9.5 134.09378 -6.60533
10056 8101051003 AWEAR MALUKU 280 Phase 1 60 61 560 11.6 131.92083 -7.04736
10057 8203063003 LEDE MALUKU UTARA 1 689 Phase 1 441 452 466 91.2 124.36867 -1.70103
10058 8108070003 UPUHUPUN MALUKU 162 Phase 1 43 44 118 8.3 129.56302 -7.91377
10059 8102010042 OHOIDERTAWUN MALUKU 402 Phase 1 93 95 418 18.0 132.66702 -5.63133
10060 8171020016 BATU MERAH MALUKU 344 Phase 1 80 82 080 15.5 128.21527 -3.69197
10061 5304071008 NUNUNAMAT NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 887 Phase 1 544 382 432 82.5 124.53781 -9.99750
10062 5317060018 LETEKAMOUNA NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 961 Phase 1 367 258 001 55.7 119.34811 -9.55345
10063 5313120030 COMPANG DALO NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 823 Phase 1 379 321 771 69.4 120.39274 -8.60409
10064 5310070008 WULIWUTIK NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 108 Phase 1 28 23 772 5.1 122.16056 -8.62498
10065 8105010021 KALAR KALAR MALUKU 774 Phase 1 163 167 238 31.6 134.09427 -6.58718
10066 8101051001 ROMEAN MALUKU 1 664 Phase 1 315 323 190 61.1 131.93960 -7.05654
10067 8271030020 TUBO MALUKU UTARA 1 836 Phase 1 459 470 934 94.9 127.37716 0.82451
10068 8108070003 UPUHUPUN MALUKU 89 Phase 1 24 24 624 4.7 129.56042 -7.91897
10069 8172030008 DULLAH LAUT MALUKU 1 755 Phase 1 302 309 852 58.6 132.72856 -5.53818
10070 8171020016 BATU MERAH MALUKU 304 Phase 1 71 72 846 13.8 128.21514 -3.68383
10071 5314030007 OELUNGGU NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 2 090 Phase 1 501 352 203 76.0 123.07386 -10.74135
10072 5317060009 WEE RAME NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 3 049 Phase 1 467 328 301 70.8 119.28683 -9.54516
10073 5318030010 PAGOMOGO NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 264 Phase 1 316 268 284 57.9 121.30120 -8.76196
10074 5307041005 WAISIKA NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 279 Phase 1 77 65 373 14.1 124.77089 -8.18685
10075 8105010023 JEROL MALUKU 594 Phase 1 165 169 290 32.0 134.17751 -6.48328
10076 8101051004 SOFYANIN MALUKU 600 Phase 1 137 140 562 26.6 131.94877 -7.03145
10077 8272030009 TOPO MALUKU UTARA 1 454 Phase 1 394 404 244 81.4 127.42795 0.65168
10078 8108070003 UPUHUPUN MALUKU 105 Phase 1 28 28 728 5.4 129.55396 -7.93703
10079 8102020035 UWAT MALUKU 228 Phase 1 73 74 898 14.2 133.05205 -5.48266
10080 8171020016 BATU MERAH MALUKU 12 759 Phase 1 2 957 3 033 882 573.8 128.21971 -3.68389
10081 5314040009 NGGODIMEDA NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 1 509 Phase 1 383 269 249 58.1 123.15772 -10.66991
10082 5317060005 TEMA TANA NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 2 925 Phase 1 316 222 148 47.9 119.34945 -9.60366
10083 5311020004 NDETUNDORA I NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 447 Phase 1 140 118 860 25.6 121.64837 -8.79450
10084 5307041004 NAILANG NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR 859 Phase 1 226 191 874 41.4 124.77451 -8.19011
1
ID.2016.R.007.1
SMALL HYDROPOWER MAPPING AND IMPROVED GEOSPATIAL ELECTRIFICATION PLANNING – INDONESIA
SMALL HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IN NTT, MALUKU, MALUKU UTARA AND SULAWESI REPORT – ANNEX III: RESULTS OF THE PRELIMINARY SITE ASSESSMENT
Installed
LCOE Protected
Project ID Island River capacity IRR
(USD/MWh) Area
(MW)
40 PLTM Siyuntoyo fs_227 Sulawesi 4,17 149,9 8,1% HPT
41 PLTM Sampaga fs_162 Sulawesi Sampaga 1,26 155,1 7,7% APL
42 Mikuasi (PLN) hp_0447 Sulawesi 2,67 103,2 13,6% HL
43 Manasako JicaPR_1190 Nusa Tenggara Manasako 7,82 64,0 23,9% HL
44 Buleleng hp_0456 Sulawesi 3,91 93,1 15,4% HPT & HPK
45 PLTM Kindang 2 fs_205 Sulawesi Balantieng 3,45 74,6 19,6% APL
46 PLTM Tincep 3 fs_173 Sulawesi Munthe 3,15 72,7 20,1% APL
PLTM
47 fs_208 Sulawesi Balantieng 2,88 69,9 21,0% APL
Bontomantene
48 Kuala Tengah fs_221 Sulawesi Kuala Tengah 5,37 101,8 13,8% APL
Tributary of
49 Lariang-11 JicaPR_0841 Sulawesi 10,7 129,7 10,1% HPT
Lariang
50 Anail JicaPR_1188 Nusa Tenggara Anail 4,64 95,7 15,6% APL
51 Karendi-2 JicaPR_1092 Nusa Tenggara Karendi 2,33 110,1 13,2% HL & APL
52 PLTM Wae Lega fs_236 Nusa Tenggara Wae Lega 2,34 72,7 21,0% APL
53 Sawidago-1 #1 hp_0367 Sulawesi 2,15 71,8 20,4% APL
54 Randangan-2 JicaPR_0718 Sulawesi Randangan 5,52 82,9 17,5% HPT
55 Noni JicaPR_1138 Nusa Tenggara Tarumanu 3,47 89,5 16,9% APL
56 Kamatang-2 JicaPR_1100 Nusa Tenggara Kamatang 4,6 105,2 14,0% APL
57 Leke JicaPR_1185 Nusa Tenggara Leke 1,77 96,5 15,4% APL
58 PLTM Bungin 2 fs_207 Sulawesi Bungin 4,91 61,5 23,9% HL
59 Waikudu JicaPR_1104 Nusa Tenggara Waikudu 4,22 84,7 17,9% HPK & APL
60 Wai Ru JicaPR_1115 Nusa Tenggara Wai Ru 2,39 93,6 16,0% APL
61 PLTM Harunda fs_242 Nusa Tenggara Harunda 3,06 74,4 20,5% HPT & APL
62 Gamputa JicaPR_0858 Sulawesi Gamputa 5,01 99,4 14,2% HPK
63 Palu-2A JicaPR_0845 Sulawesi Plau 5,03 131,0 9,9% APL
64 Mata Alo-1 JicaPR_0806 Sulawesi Pasui 3,12 107,3 12,9% APL
65 Palame-2 JicaPR_1095 Nusa Tenggara Palamedo 4,08 113,2 12,9% HPT & APL
PLTM Bongkasoa- Bongkasoa
66 fs_160 Sulawesi 1,65 92,0 15,5% APL
Simpoyo Simpoya
67 Buol-1 JicaPR_0850 Sulawesi Buol 4,08 124,5 10,7% APL
68 Ngodama JicaPR_1236 Maluku Ngodana 5,69 113,9 13,3% HPT
69 Wooi Besar-2 JicaPR_1250 Maluku Wooi Besar 8,23 146,3 9,5% HP
70 Wai Racang JicaEX_0108 Nusa Tenggara Wai Racang 1,5 97,6 15,2% APL
71 PLTM Lobu fs_222 Sulawesi Lobu 3,54 93,4 15,3% HPT
72 Taramanu-1 JicaPR_1139 Nusa Tenggara Tarumanu 3,57 127,5 10,9% APL
73 Wajo-2 JicaPR_1128 Nusa Tenggara Lowo Mego 0,85 221,0 4,0% APL
74 Nowa JicaPR_1114 Nusa Tenggara Nowa 1,16 175,3 6,7% HP & APL
75 Rita JicaPR_1107 Nusa Tenggara Rita 2,47 164,9 7,4% APL
76 PLTM Pasui 2 fs_184 Sulawesi Pasui 1,74 113,7 12,0% APL
77 Halulai hp_0391 Sulawesi 2,21 88,6 16,2% HPT
78 Kamatang-1 JicaPR_1099 Nusa Tenggara Kamatang 2,53 149,2 8,8% APL
79 Siwa JicaPR_0781 Sulawesi Siwa 1,8 116,0 11,7% APL
PLTM Benteng
80 fs_194 Sulawesi Bialo 1,33 111,0 12,4% APL
Malewang
81 Ilanga-1 JicaPR_0854 Sulawesi llanga 5,52 133,5 9,7% HPT
2
ID.2016.R.007.1
SMALL HYDROPOWER MAPPING AND IMPROVED GEOSPATIAL ELECTRIFICATION PLANNING – INDONESIA
SMALL HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IN NTT, MALUKU, MALUKU UTARA AND SULAWESI REPORT – ANNEX III: RESULTS OF THE PRELIMINARY SITE ASSESSMENT
Installed
LCOE Protected
Project ID Island River capacity IRR
(USD/MWh) Area
(MW)
82 Dondo-3 JicaPR_1126 Nusa Tenggara Lawo Dondo 1,94 205,3 4,8% APL
Botaonyo
83 Maraja-3 JicaPR_0848 Sulawesi 1,18 164,9 6,9% HPT & APL
Maraja
84 Lakalamba JicaPR_1101 Nusa Tenggara Lakalamba 1,15 126,0 11,1% HP
85 Kuala Kilo fs_220 Sulawesi Kuala Kilo 5,27 166,3 6,8% APL
86 Palame-1 JicaPR_1094 Nusa Tenggara Palamedo 1,88 157,9 8,0% HPT & APL
87 PLTM Malua fs_188 Sulawesi Malua 1,48 121,0 11,1% APL
88 Lamo-2 JicaPR_1233 Maluku Lamo 4,06 160,6 8,3% APL
89 Paddumpu hp_0311 Sulawesi 1,91 107,7 12,9% HPT & APL
90 Jajawi JicaPR_1230 Maluku Tajawi 6,52 134,8 10,7% HL
91 Watumbaka JicaPR_1109 Nusa Tenggara Walumbaka 1,52 170,0 7,0% HP & APL
92 Batuputi JicaPR_0786 Sulawesi Batuputi 1,96 144,9 8,6% APL
93 Ranoyapo-1 JicaPR_0867 Sulawesi Ranojapo 2,84 127,0 10,4% HP
94 Sawidago-3 hp_0394 Sulawesi 1,87 84,1 17,2% HL
95 PLTMH Eremerasa fs_181 Sulawesi Jene Biyangloe 0,59 132,7 9,8% APL
96 Poigar-4 JicaPR_0866 Sulawesi Poigar 2,61 137,6 9,3% HP
97 Melolo-2 JicaPR_1111 Nusa Tenggara Melolo 1,98 167,0 7,3% HL
98 Ranu-2 JicaPR_1206 Maluku Nibe 5,46 145,7 9,7% HL
99 PLTM Kahaya fs_180 Sulawesi Balantieng 2,23 106,0 13,1% HL & APL
100 Pastu Ra JicaPR_1247 Maluku Pastu Ra 1,29 179,9 6,8% HL
101 Riorita hp_0401 Sulawesi 2,13 105,4 12,9% HL & APL
102 Nua JicaPR_1222 Maluku Wae Nua 4,03 160,9 8,2% HPK
103 Taramanu-2 JicaPR_1140 Nusa Tenggara Tarumanu 4,11 197,3 5,3% APL
104 Kapsali JicaPR_1141 Nusa Tenggara Tarumanu 1,57 159,6 7,8% HPT
105 PLTM Soru fs_237 Nusa Tenggara Cikur 0,66 154,9 8,2% APL
106 PLTM Wanokaka 2 fs_246 Nusa Tenggara Labariri 0,64 155,5 8,2% APL
Tributary of
107 Lariang-10 JicaPR_0840 Sulawesi 5,52 154,1 7,8% HL & HPT
Lariang
108 Dondo-1 JicaPR_1124 Nusa Tenggara Lawo Dondo 0,96 163,9 7,5% APL
109 Melolo-1 JicaPR_1110 Nusa Tenggara Melolo 0,82 190,4 5,7% HL & APL
110 Paca JicaPR_1234 Maluku Danau Paca 0,49 238,6 3,5% HPK
111 Larana JicaPR_1191 Nusa Tenggara Larana 0,6 168,4 7,2% APL
112 Irauri JicaPR_1189 Nusa Tenggara Irauri 3,14 78,1 19,5% HSA-W
113 PLTM Tirtanagaya fs_229 Sulawesi 2,07 159,6 7,3% HPT
114 Bajo JicaPR_0779 Sulawesi Bajo 1,2 181,2 5,8% APL
115 Taima JicaPR_0729 Sulawesi Taima 1,6 187,7 5,5% APL
116 Mama JicaPR_1204 Maluku Wa Mana 1,84 161,4 8,2% HPT
117 Leman JicaPR_1208 Maluku Wa Leman 1,36 225,0 4,2% HPK
118 PLTM Dako fs_161 Sulawesi Dako 0,43 179,9 5,9% APL
119 Toma-2 JicaPR_0754 Sulawesi Lawe Toma 1,66 208,6 4,2% HL
120 Kambera-3 JicaPR_1105 Nusa Tenggara Kambera 2,54 244,0 2,8% APL
121 PLTM Bengkoli fs_168 Sulawesi Bengkoli 1,57 179,0 5,9% HPT & APL
122 Kadassa-2 JicaPR_1097 Nusa Tenggara Kadassa 2,61 268,6 1,9% APL
123 PLTM Kadundung fs_202 Sulawesi Bajo 1,17 144,8 8,6% HL
124 Iwoimenda JicaPR_0764 Sulawesi S.Iwoimenda 2,39 163,8 7,0% HL
3
ID.2016.R.007.1
SMALL HYDROPOWER MAPPING AND IMPROVED GEOSPATIAL ELECTRIFICATION PLANNING – INDONESIA
SMALL HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IN NTT, MALUKU, MALUKU UTARA AND SULAWESI REPORT – ANNEX III: RESULTS OF THE PRELIMINARY SITE ASSESSMENT
Installed
LCOE Protected
Project ID Island River capacity IRR
(USD/MWh) Area
(MW)
125 PLTM Sinombulung fs_228 Sulawesi 2,98 204,1 4,4% HPT
126 Liocopa JicaPR_1224 Maluku Liocopa 1,03 244,8 3,3% HP
127 PLTM Ponju fs_169 Sulawesi Balukang 0,76 177,3 6,0% HPT
128 Paguyaman-1 JicaPR_0715 Sulawesi Paguyaman 3,83 126,5 10,4% HSA-W
129 Kambera-1 JicaPR_1102 Nusa Tenggara Kanjiji 0,61 326,2 -0,2% APL
Onggak
130 Dumoga-1 JicaPR_0860 Sulawesi 3,38 126,3 10,5% HSA-W
Dumogao
131 Labu-2 JicaPR_0734 Sulawesi Labu 0,92 223,3 3,4% APL
HL, HPT &
132 Pia JicaPR_1221 Maluku Wae Pia 3,46 196,8 5,8%
HPK
133 Lamuk JicaPR_1106 Nusa Tenggara Lamuk 0,82 234,0 3,3% HL & APL
134 Ili-1 JicaPR_1201 Maluku Wa Ili 4,82 220,2 4,5% HL & HPT
135 Wai Miha JicaPR_1251 Maluku Wai Miha 1,35 254,3 2,8% HP
136 Makariki hp_0216 Maluku 1,04 211,3 4,9% HPK
137 Awo JicaPR_0780 Sulawesi Awo 0,79 193,1 5,1% HL
138 Kolori hp_0281 Sulawesi 0,75 131,8 9,8% HSA-W
139 Lasolo-2 JicaPR_0751 Sulawesi Lasolo 2,36 417,9 -3,2% HL
140 Mala JicaPR_1220 Maluku Wae Mala 2,39 246,9 3,2% HPT
141 Bayau-1 JicaPR_0856 Sulawesi Bayau 1,94 260,0 1,7% HPT
142 Sissa JicaPR_1121 Nusa Tenggara Sissa 1,37 285,6 1,2% APL
143 PLTM Pidung fs_174 Sulawesi Onggunoi 0,56 251,4 2,1% HPT
144 Lelipang hp_0297 Sulawesi 0,38 283,3 0,8% APL
145 Kalempang-3 JicaPR_0792 Sulawesi Rica 0,39 287,7 0,7% APL
146 Dopi JicaPR_0747 Sulawesi Dopi 3,46 574,3 -6,5% HPT
147 Malik JicaPR_0735 Sulawesi Malik 0,3 350,3 -1,4% APL
148 Lot JicaPR_1228 Maluku Loi 0,19 497,2 -4,3% APL
149 Kina JicaPR_1217 Maluku Wai Wakina 1,16 323,6 0,3% HPT
150 Sumara JicaPR_0740 Sulawesi Sumara 1,34 208,7 4,2% HSA-W
HSA-W &
151 Ayoung JicaPR_0859 Sulawesi Ayong 1,69 229,5 3,1%
APL
152 Toma-4 JicaPR_0756 Sulawesi Lawe Toma 1,52 355,7 -1,6% HL & HPK
153 Toma-3 JicaPR_0755 Sulawesi Lawe Toma 0,59 888,7 -10,5% HL
154 Ela JicaPR_1227 Maluku Ela 0,2105 555,5 -5,4% HL
155 Bonehau hp_0448 Sulawesi 0,21 387,8 -2,5% HL & APL
4
ID.2016.R.007.1
ANNEX IV - MULTI-CRITERIA RESULTS
SMALL HYDROPOWER MAPPING AND IMPROVED GEOSPATIAL ELECTRIFICATION PLANING - INDONESIA
SMALL HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IN NTT, MALUKU, MALUKU UTARA AND SULAWESI REPORT
Multi-criteria results
Protected Local
Protected Local
Installed Installed and Enviro. Electrif.
LCOE LCOE and Enviro. Electrif.
Project ID Code Capacity Capacity Sensitive Demand
(USD/MWh) Score Sensitive Demand
(MW) Score Areas Radius
Areas Score
Score (km)
PLTM Bongkasoa-
fs_160 1,7 1,7 92 8,3 APL 10,0 0,0
Simpoyo
PLTM Dako fs_161 0,4 0,4 180 4,8 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Sampaga fs_162 1,3 1,3 155 5,8 APL 10,0 7,5 9,2
PLTM Pono fs_163 3,5 3,5 104 7,9 APL 10,0 20 5,2
PLTM Yaentu fs_165 15,3 10,0 58 9,7 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Bengkoli fs_168 1,6 1,6 179 4,8 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Ponju fs_169 0,8 0,8 177 4,9 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Ranowano
fs_171 4,3 4,3 65 9,4 APL 10,0 0,0
Minahasa
PLTM Tincep 3 fs_173 3,2 3,2 73 9,1 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Pidung fs_174 0,6 0,6 251 1,9 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Kahaya fs_180 2,2 2,2 106 7,8 HL 5,0 0,0
PLTMH Eremerasa fs_181 0,6 0,6 133 6,7 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Pasui 2 fs_184 1,7 1,7 114 7,5 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Malua fs_188 1,5 1,5 121 7,2 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Sapalewa fs_192 20,1 10,0 58 9,7 HPK 7,5 0,0
PLTM Batukede fs_193 6,3 6,3 55 9,8 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Benteng
fs_194 1,3 1,3 111 7,6 APL 10,0 0,0
Malewang
PLTM Ma'dong fs_195 8,8 8,8 45 10,0 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Maiting Hulu 2 fs_198 9,0 9,0 57 9,7 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Sapaya fs_199 8,1 8,1 48 10,0 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Kadundung fs_202 1,2 1,2 145 6,2 HL 5,0 0,0
PLTM Paun fs_203 15,9 10,0 55 9,8 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Tomoni fs_204 9,3 9,3 50 10,0 HL 5,0 0,0
PLTM Kindang 2 fs_205 3,5 3,5 75 9,0 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Rongkong 3 fs_206 14,2 10,0 71 9,1 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Bungin 2 fs_207 4,9 4,9 61 9,5 HL 5,0 0,0
PLTM Bontomantene fs_208 2,9 2,9 70 9,2 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Karangana I fs_210 18,8 10,0 57 9,7 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Karangana II fs_211 26,3 10,0 73 9,1 HL 5,0 0,0
PLTM Mapahi fs_213 24,6 10,0 70 9,2 HL 5,0 0,0
PLTM Sabuku fs_215 11,2 10,0 99 8,0 APL 10,0 25 3,6
PLTM Tabong fs_216 13,9 10,0 137 6,5 APL 10,0 0,0
Kuala Kilo fs_220 5,3 5,3 166 5,3 APL 10,0 0,0
Kuala Tengah fs_221 5,4 5,4 102 7,9 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Lobu fs_222 3,5 3,5 93 8,3 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Masewo fs_223 15,5 10,0 90 8,4 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Siyuntoyo fs_227 4,2 4,2 150 6,0 HPT 7,5 10 8,4
Protected Local
Protected Local
Installed Installed and Enviro. Electrif.
LCOE LCOE and Enviro. Electrif.
Project ID Code Capacity Capacity Sensitive Demand
(USD/MWh) Score Sensitive Demand
(MW) Score Areas Radius
Areas Score
Score (km)
PLTM Sinombulung fs_228 3,0 3,0 204 3,8 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Tirtanagaya fs_229 2,1 2,1 160 5,6 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Pamoseang fs_231 7,9 7,9 83 8,7 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Aralle fs_232 14,9 10,0 73 9,1 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTA Tina fs_234 10,1 10,0 116 7,3 HP 7,5 0,0
PLTM Wae Lega fs_236 2,3 2,3 73 9,1 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Soru fs_237 0,7 0,7 155 5,8 APL 10,0 0,0
PLTM Harunda fs_242 3,1 3,1 74 9,0 HPT 7,5 0,0
PLTM Wanokaka 2 fs_246 0,6 0,6 156 5,8 APL 10,0 0,0
Makariki hp_0216 1,0 1,0 211 3,5 HPK 7,5 0,0
Lapai II hp_0221 8,0 8,0 98 8,1 APL 10,0 10 8,4
Kolori hp_0281 0,8 0,8 132 6,7 HSA-W 0,0 0,0
Lelipang hp_0297 0,4 0,4 283 0,7 APL 10,0 0,0
Paddumpu hp_0311 1,9 1,9 108 7,7 HPT 7,5 0,0
Sawidago-1 #1 hp_0367 2,2 2,2 72 9,1 APL 10,0 0,0
Halulai hp_0391 2,2 2,2 89 8,5 HPT 7,5 0,0
Sawidago-3 hp_0394 1,9 1,9 84 8,6 HL 5,0 0,0
Riorita hp_0401 2,1 2,1 105 7,8 HL 5,0 0,0
Rongkong hp_0436 12,1 10,0 99 8,0 APL 10,0 0,0
Mikuasi (PLN) hp_0447 2,7 2,7 103 7,9 HL 5,0 10 8,4
Bonehau hp_0448 0,2 0,2 388 0,0 HL 5,0 0,0
Buleleng hp_0456 3,9 3,9 93 8,3 HPT 7,5 25 3,6
Wai Racang JicaEX_0108 1,5 1,5 98 8,1 APL 10,0 0,0
Paguyaman-1 JicaPR_0715 3,8 3,8 126 6,9 HSA-W 0,0 0,0
Randangan-2 JicaPR_0718 5,5 5,5 83 8,7 HPT 7,5 0,0
Taima JicaPR_0729 1,6 1,6 188 4,5 APL 10,0 0,0
Labu-2 JicaPR_0734 0,9 0,9 223 3,1 APL 10,0 0,0
Malik JicaPR_0735 0,3 0,3 350 0,0 APL 10,0 0,0
Sumara JicaPR_0740 1,3 1,3 209 3,7 HSA-W 0,0 0,0
Dopi JicaPR_0747 3,5 3,5 574 0,0 HPT 7,5 0,0
Lasolo-2 JicaPR_0751 2,4 2,4 418 0,0 HL 5,0 15 6,8
Toma-2 JicaPR_0754 1,7 1,7 209 3,7 HL 5,0 20 5,2
Toma-3 JicaPR_0755 0,6 0,6 889 0,0 HL 5,0 0,0
Toma-4 JicaPR_0756 1,5 1,5 356 0,0 HL 5,0 0,0
Iwoimenda JicaPR_0764 2,4 2,4 164 5,4 HL 5,0 0,0
Bajo JicaPR_0779 1,2 1,2 181 4,8 APL 10,0 0,0
Awo JicaPR_0780 0,8 0,8 193 4,3 HL 5,0 0,0
Siwa JicaPR_0781 1,8 1,8 116 7,4 APL 10,0 0,0
Batuputi JicaPR_0786 2,0 2,0 145 6,2 APL 10,0 0,0
Kalempang-3 JicaPR_0792 0,4 0,4 288 0,5 APL 10,0 0,0
Tangkak-1 JicaPR_0793 5,0 5,0 70 9,2 APL 10,0 0,0
Protected Local
Protected Local
Installed Installed and Enviro. Electrif.
LCOE LCOE and Enviro. Electrif.
Project ID Code Capacity Capacity Sensitive Demand
(USD/MWh) Score Sensitive Demand
(MW) Score Areas Radius
Areas Score
Score (km)
Mata Alo-1 JicaPR_0806 3,1 3,1 107 7,7 APL 10,0 0,0
Rentelemo JicaPR_0811 5,2 5,2 65 9,4 APL 10,0 0,0
Lariang-10 JicaPR_0840 5,5 5,5 154 5,8 HL 5,0 0,0
Lariang-11 JicaPR_0841 10,7 10,0 130 6,8 HPT 7,5 0,0
Palu-2A JicaPR_0845 5,0 5,0 131 6,8 APL 10,0 0,0
Maraja-3 JicaPR_0848 1,2 1,2 165 5,4 HPT 7,5 15 6,8
Buol-1 JicaPR_0850 4,1 4,1 124 7,0 APL 10,0 0,0
Ilanga-1 JicaPR_0854 5,5 5,5 133 6,7 HPT 7,5 0,0
Bayau-1 JicaPR_0856 1,9 1,9 260 1,6 HPT 7,5 0,0
Gamputa JicaPR_0858 5,0 5,0 99 8,0 HPK 7,5 0,0
Ayoung JicaPR_0859 1,7 1,7 230 2,8 HSA-W 0,0 0,0
Dumoga-1 JicaPR_0860 3,4 3,4 126 6,9 HSA-W 0,0 0,0
Poigar-4 JicaPR_0866 2,6 2,6 138 6,5 HP 7,5 0,0
Ranoyapo-1 JicaPR_0867 2,8 2,8 127 6,9 HP 7,5 0,0
Karendi-2 JicaPR_1092 2,3 2,3 110 7,6 HL 5,0 10 8,4
Kalada JicaPR_1093 7,3 7,3 91 8,4 APL 10,0 30 2,0
Palame-1 JicaPR_1094 1,9 1,9 158 5,7 HPT 7,5 20 5,2
Palame-2 JicaPR_1095 4,1 4,1 113 7,5 HPT 7,5 30 2,0
Kadassa-2 JicaPR_1097 2,6 2,6 269 1,3 APL 10,0 25 3,6
Kamatang-1 JicaPR_1099 2,5 2,5 149 6,0 APL 10,0 30 2,0
Kamatang-2 JicaPR_1100 4,6 4,6 105 7,8 APL 10,0 0,0
Lakalamba JicaPR_1101 1,2 1,2 126 7,0 HP 7,5 25 3,6
Kambera-1 JicaPR_1102 0,6 0,6 326 0,0 APL 10,0 15 6,8
Waikudu JicaPR_1104 4,2 4,2 85 8,6 HPK 7,5 0,0
Kambera-3 JicaPR_1105 2,5 2,5 244 2,2 APL 10,0 30 2,0
Lamuk JicaPR_1106 0,8 0,8 234 2,6 HL 5,0 20 5,2
Rita JicaPR_1107 2,5 2,5 165 5,4 APL 10,0 25 3,6
Watumbaka JicaPR_1109 1,5 1,5 170 5,2 HP 7,5 20 5,2
Melolo-1 JicaPR_1110 0,8 0,8 190 4,4 HL 5,0 15 6,8
Melolo-2 JicaPR_1111 2,0 2,0 167 5,3 HL 5,0 20 5,2
Nowa JicaPR_1114 1,2 1,2 175 5,0 HP 7,5 10 8,4
Wai Ru JicaPR_1115 2,4 2,4 94 8,3 APL 10,0 0,0
Wai Ranjang JicaPR_1116 2,6 2,6 88 8,5 APL 10,0 5 10,0
Sissa JicaPR_1121 1,4 1,4 286 0,6 APL 10,0 0,0
Lawo Lambo JicaPR_1122 3,5 3,5 96 8,1 APL 10,0 20 5,2
Dondo-1 JicaPR_1124 1,0 1,0 164 5,4 APL 10,0 0,0
Dondo-3 JicaPR_1126 1,9 1,9 205 3,8 APL 10,0 15 6,8
Wajo-2 JicaPR_1128 0,9 0,9 221 3,2 APL 10,0 5 10,0
Ria JicaPR_1129 8,7 8,7 72 9,1 APL 10,0 25 3,6
Ria Mboeli JicaPR_1130 3,8 3,8 89 8,4 APL 10,0 15 6,8
Lake JicaPR_1131 5,7 5,7 93 8,3 HP 7,5 20 5,2
Protected Local
Protected Local
Installed Installed and Enviro. Electrif.
LCOE LCOE and Enviro. Electrif.
Project ID Code Capacity Capacity Sensitive Demand
(USD/MWh) Score Sensitive Demand
(MW) Score Areas Radius
Areas Score
Score (km)
Meseh-1 JicaPR_1133 3,4 3,4 80 8,8 APL 10,0 10 8,4
Meseh-2 JicaPR_1134 11,9 10,0 67 9,3 APL 10,0 20 5,2
Laku JicaPR_1135 4,7 4,7 73 9,1 APL 10,0 15 6,8
Bobo JicaPR_1136 2,0 2,0 123 7,1 APL 10,0 10 8,4
Noni JicaPR_1138 3,5 3,5 90 8,4 APL 10,0 0,0
Taramanu-1 JicaPR_1139 3,6 3,6 127 6,9 APL 10,0 0,0
Taramanu-2 JicaPR_1140 4,1 4,1 197 4,1 APL 10,0 0,0
Kapsali JicaPR_1141 1,6 1,6 160 5,6 HPT 7,5 30 2,0
Benain-1 JicaPR_1177 15,5 10,0 134 6,7 HP 7,5 30 2,0
Menu-1 JicaPR_1181 5,2 5,2 72 9,1 APL 10,0 10 8,4
Menu-2 JicaPR_1182 8,4 8,4 73 9,1 APL 10,0 20 5,2
Muke JicaPR_1183 3,1 3,1 124 7,0 APL 10,0 15 6,8
Tuke JicaPR_1184 4,7 4,7 86 8,6 APL 10,0 15 6,8
Leke JicaPR_1185 1,8 1,8 96 8,1 APL 10,0 30 2,0
Anail JicaPR_1188 4,6 4,6 96 8,2 APL 10,0 0,0
Irauri JicaPR_1189 3,1 3,1 78 8,9 HSA-W 0,0 0,0
Manasako JicaPR_1190 7,8 7,8 64 9,4 HL 5,0 0,0
Larana JicaPR_1191 0,6 0,6 168 5,3 APL 10,0 0,0
Ili-1 JicaPR_1201 4,8 4,8 220 3,2 HL 5,0 0,0
Mama JicaPR_1204 1,8 1,8 161 5,5 HPT 7,5 0,0
Ranu-2 JicaPR_1206 5,5 5,5 146 6,2 HL 5,0 0,0
Leman JicaPR_1208 1,4 1,4 225 3,0 HPK 7,5 20 5,2
Kina JicaPR_1217 1,2 1,2 324 0,0 HPT 7,5 0,0
Mala JicaPR_1220 2,4 2,4 247 2,1 HPT 7,5 0,0
Pia JicaPR_1221 3,5 3,5 197 4,1 HL 5,0 0,0
Nua JicaPR_1222 4,0 4,0 161 5,6 HPK 7,5 0,0
Liocopa JicaPR_1224 1,0 1,0 245 2,2 HP 7,5 20 5,2
Ela JicaPR_1227 0,2 0,2 556 0,0 HL 5,0 0,0
Lot JicaPR_1228 0,2 0,2 497 0,0 APL 10,0 0,0
Jajawi JicaPR_1230 6,5 6,5 135 6,6 HL 5,0 0,0
Lamo-2 JicaPR_1233 4,1 4,1 161 5,6 APL 10,0 0,0
Paca JicaPR_1234 0,5 0,5 239 2,5 HPK 7,5 10 8,4
Ngodama JicaPR_1236 5,7 5,7 114 7,4 HPT 7,5 0,0
Pastu Ra JicaPR_1247 1,3 1,3 180 4,8 HL 5,0 15 6,8
Wooi Besar-2 JicaPR_1250 8,2 8,2 146 6,1 HP 7,5 0,0
Wai Miha JicaPR_1251 1,4 1,4 254 1,8 HP 7,5 25 3,6
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
1 Meseh-2 JicaPR_1134 Nusa Tenggara 11,9 67 APL 20 8,8
2 Lapai II hp_0221 Sulawesi 8,0 98 APL 10 8,5
3 Menu-1 JicaPR_1181 Nusa Tenggara 5,2 72 APL 10 8,4
4 Menu-2 JicaPR_1182 Nusa Tenggara 8,4 73 APL 20 8,4
5 Ria JicaPR_1129 Nusa Tenggara 8,7 72 APL 25 8,1
6 PLTM Sabuku fs_215 Sulawesi 11,2 99 APL 25 7,9
7 Laku JicaPR_1135 Nusa Tenggara 4,7 73 APL 15 7,9
8 Wai Ranjang JicaPR_1116 Nusa Tenggara 2,6 88 APL 5 7,9
9 PLTM Paun fs_203 Sulawesi 15,9 55 APL 7,9
10 Meseh-1 JicaPR_1133 Nusa Tenggara 3,4 80 APL 10 7,9
11 PLTM Ma'dong fs_195 Sulawesi 8,8 45 APL 7,8
12 Tuke JicaPR_1184 Nusa Tenggara 4,7 86 APL 15 7,7
13 PLTM Maiting Hulu 2 fs_198 Sulawesi 9,0 57 APL 7,7
14 PLTM Rongkong 3 fs_206 Sulawesi 14,2 71 APL 7,7
15 PLTM Sapaya fs_199 Sulawesi 8,1 48 APL 7,6
16 Ria Mboeli JicaPR_1130 Nusa Tenggara 3,8 89 APL 15 7,5
17 PLTM Karangana I fs_210 Sulawesi 18,8 57 HPT & APL 7,4
18 PLTM Yaentu fs_165 Sulawesi 15,3 58 HPT 7,4
19 PLTM Sapalewa fs_192 Maluku 20,1 58 HPK 7,4
20 Rongkong hp_0436 Sulawesi 12,1 99 APL 7,2
21 Kalada JicaPR_1093 Nusa Tenggara 7,3 91 APL 30 7,2
22 PLTM Batukede fs_193 Sulawesi 6,3 55 APL 7,2
23 PLTM Aralle fs_232 Sulawesi 14,9 73 HPT 7,1
24 Lawo Lambo JicaPR_1122 Nusa Tenggara 3,5 96 APL 20 7,0
25 Lake JicaPR_1131 Nusa Tenggara 5,7 93 HP & APL 20 7,0
26 Bobo JicaPR_1136 Nusa Tenggara 2,0 123 APL 10 6,9
27 PLTM Pono fs_163 Sulawesi 3,5 104 APL 20 6,9
28 PLTM Masewo fs_223 Sulawesi 15,5 90 HPT 6,9
29 PLTM Tomoni fs_204 Sulawesi 9,3 50 HL & HP 6,8
30 Muke JicaPR_1183 Nusa Tenggara 3,1 124 APL 15 6,8
31 Rentelemo JicaPR_0811 Sulawesi 5,2 65 APL 6,8
32 PLTM Mapahi fs_213 Sulawesi 24,6 70 HL 6,7
33 Tangkak-1 JicaPR_0793 Sulawesi 5,0 70 APL 6,7
34 PLTM Karangana II fs_211 Sulawesi 26,3 73 HL & HPT 6,6
PLTM Ranowano
35 fs_171 Sulawesi 4,3 65 APL 6,6
Minahasa
36 PLTM Tabong fs_216 Sulawesi 13,9 137 APL 6,6
37 Benain-1 JicaPR_1177 Nusa Tenggara 15,5 134 HP & APL 30 6,6
38 PLTM Pamoseang fs_231 Sulawesi 7,9 83 HPT 6,5
39 PLTA Tina fs_234 Maluku 10,1 116 HP 6,4
40 PLTM Siyuntoyo fs_227 Sulawesi 4,2 150 HPT 10 6,4
41 PLTM Sampaga fs_162 Sulawesi 1,3 155 APL 8 6,4
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
42 Mikuasi (PLN) hp_0447 Sulawesi 2,7 103 HL 10 6,4
43 Manasako JicaPR_1190 Nusa Tenggara 7,8 64 HL 6,3
44 Buleleng hp_0456 Sulawesi 3,9 93 HPT & HPK 25 6,3
45 PLTM Kindang 2 fs_205 Sulawesi 3,5 75 APL 6,3
46 PLTM Tincep 3 fs_173 Sulawesi 3,2 73 APL 6,3
PLTM
47 fs_208 Sulawesi 2,9 70 APL 6,3
Bontomantene
48 Kuala Tengah fs_221 Sulawesi 5,4 102 APL 6,2
49 Lariang-11 JicaPR_0841 Sulawesi 10,7 130 HPT 6,2
50 Anail JicaPR_1188 Nusa Tenggara 4,6 96 APL 6,2
51 Karendi-2 JicaPR_1092 Nusa Tenggara 2,3 110 HL & APL 10 6,2
52 PLTM Wae Lega fs_236 Nusa Tenggara 2,3 73 APL 6,1
53 Sawidago-1 #1 hp_0367 Sulawesi 2,2 72 APL 6,1
54 Randangan-2 JicaPR_0718 Sulawesi 5,5 83 HPT 6,1
55 Noni JicaPR_1138 Nusa Tenggara 3,5 90 APL 6,1
56 Kamatang-2 JicaPR_1100 Nusa Tenggara 4,6 105 APL 6,0
57 Leke JicaPR_1185 Nusa Tenggara 1,8 97 APL 30 6,0
58 PLTM Bungin 2 fs_207 Sulawesi 4,9 62 HL 5,8
59 Waikudu JicaPR_1104 Nusa Tenggara 4,2 85 HPK & APL 5,8
60 Wai Ru JicaPR_1115 Nusa Tenggara 2,4 94 APL 5,8
61 PLTM Harunda fs_242 Nusa Tenggara 3,1 74 HPT & APL 5,7
62 Gamputa JicaPR_0858 Sulawesi 5,0 99 HPK 5,7
63 Palu-2A JicaPR_0845 Sulawesi 5,0 131 APL 5,7
64 Mata Alo-1 JicaPR_0806 Sulawesi 3,1 107 APL 5,7
65 Palame-2 JicaPR_1095 Nusa Tenggara 4,1 113 HPT & APL 30 5,7
PLTM Bongkasoa-
66 fs_160 Sulawesi 1,7 92 APL 5,7
Simpoyo
67 Buol-1 JicaPR_0850 Sulawesi 4,1 125 APL 5,6
68 Ngodama JicaPR_1236 Maluku 5,7 114 HPT 5,6
69 Wooi Besar-2 JicaPR_1250 Maluku 8,2 146 HP 5,6
70 Wai Racang JicaEX_0108 Nusa Tenggara 1,5 98 APL 5,5
71 PLTM Lobu fs_222 Sulawesi 3,5 93 HPT 5,5
72 Taramanu-1 JicaPR_1139 Nusa Tenggara 3,6 128 APL 5,5
73 Wajo-2 JicaPR_1128 Nusa Tenggara 0,9 221 APL 5 5,4
74 Nowa JicaPR_1114 Nusa Tenggara 1,2 175 HP & APL 10 5,4
75 Rita JicaPR_1107 Nusa Tenggara 2,5 165 APL 25 5,4
76 PLTM Pasui 2 fs_184 Sulawesi 1,7 114 APL 5,3
77 Halulai hp_0391 Sulawesi 2,2 89 HPT 5,3
78 Kamatang-1 JicaPR_1099 Nusa Tenggara 2,5 149 APL 30 5,3
79 Siwa JicaPR_0781 Sulawesi 1,8 116 APL 5,3
PLTM Benteng
80 fs_194 Sulawesi 1,3 111 APL 5,3
Malewang
81 Ilanga-1 JicaPR_0854 Sulawesi 5,5 134 HPT 5,3
82 Dondo-3 JicaPR_1126 Nusa Tenggara 1,9 205 APL 15 5,3
83 Maraja-3 JicaPR_0848 Sulawesi 1,2 165 HPT & APL 15 5,3
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
84 Lakalamba JicaPR_1101 Nusa Tenggara 1,2 126 HP 25 5,2
85 Kuala Kilo fs_220 Sulawesi 5,3 166 APL 5,2
86 Palame-1 JicaPR_1094 Nusa Tenggara 1,9 158 HPT & APL 20 5,2
87 PLTM Malua fs_188 Sulawesi 1,5 121 APL 5,2
88 Lamo-2 JicaPR_1233 Maluku 4,1 161 APL 5,0
89 Paddumpu hp_0311 Sulawesi 1,9 108 HPT & APL 5,0
90 Jajawi JicaPR_1230 Maluku 6,5 135 HL 4,9
91 Watumbaka JicaPR_1109 Nusa Tenggara 1,5 170 HP & APL 20 4,9
92 Batuputi JicaPR_0786 Sulawesi 2,0 145 APL 4,9
93 Ranoyapo-1 JicaPR_0867 Sulawesi 2,8 127 HP 4,8
94 Sawidago-3 hp_0394 Sulawesi 1,9 84 HL 4,8
95 PLTMH Eremerasa fs_181 Sulawesi 0,6 133 APL 4,8
96 Poigar-4 JicaPR_0866 Sulawesi 2,6 138 HP 4,6
97 Melolo-2 JicaPR_1111 Nusa Tenggara 2,0 167 HL 20 4,6
98 Ranu-2 JicaPR_1206 Maluku 5,5 146 HL 4,6
99 PLTM Kahaya fs_180 Sulawesi 2,2 106 HL & APL 4,6
100 Pastu Ra JicaPR_1247 Maluku 1,3 180 HL 15 4,5
101 Riorita hp_0401 Sulawesi 2,1 105 HL & APL 4,5
102 Nua JicaPR_1222 Maluku 4,0 161 HPK 4,5
103 Taramanu-2 JicaPR_1140 Nusa Tenggara 4,1 197 APL 4,5
104 Kapsali JicaPR_1141 Nusa Tenggara 1,6 160 HPT 30 4,5
105 PLTM Soru fs_237 Nusa Tenggara 0,7 155 APL 4,5
106 PLTM Wanokaka 2 fs_246 Nusa Tenggara 0,6 156 APL 4,4
107 Lariang-10 JicaPR_0840 Sulawesi 5,5 154 HL & HPT 4,4
108 Dondo-1 JicaPR_1124 Nusa Tenggara 1,0 164 APL 4,4
109 Melolo-1 JicaPR_1110 Nusa Tenggara 0,8 190 HL & APL 15 4,3
110 Paca JicaPR_1234 Maluku 0,5 239 HPK 10 4,3
111 Larana JicaPR_1191 Nusa Tenggara 0,6 168 APL 4,2
112 Irauri JicaPR_1189 Nusa Tenggara 3,1 78 HSA-W 4,2
113 PLTM Tirtanagaya fs_229 Sulawesi 2,1 160 HPT 4,2
114 Bajo JicaPR_0779 Sulawesi 1,2 181 APL 4,1
115 Taima JicaPR_0729 Sulawesi 1,6 188 APL 4,1
116 Mama JicaPR_1204 Maluku 1,8 161 HPT 4,1
117 Leman JicaPR_1208 Maluku 1,4 225 HPK 20 4,0
118 PLTM Dako fs_161 Sulawesi 0,4 180 APL 4,0
119 Toma-2 JicaPR_0754 Sulawesi 1,7 209 HL 20 3,8
120 Kambera-3 JicaPR_1105 Nusa Tenggara 2,5 244 APL 30 3,8
121 PLTM Bengkoli fs_168 Sulawesi 1,6 179 HPT & APL 3,8
122 Kadassa-2 JicaPR_1097 Nusa Tenggara 2,6 269 APL 25 3,7
123 PLTM Kadundung fs_202 Sulawesi 1,2 145 HL 3,7
124 Iwoimenda JicaPR_0764 Sulawesi 2,4 164 HL 3,7
125 PLTM Sinombulung fs_228 Sulawesi 3,0 204 HPT 3,6
126 Liocopa JicaPR_1224 Maluku 1,0 245 HP 20 3,6
127 PLTM Ponju fs_169 Sulawesi 0,8 177 HPT 3,6
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
128 Paguyaman-1 JicaPR_0715 Sulawesi 3,8 127 HSA-W 3,5
129 Kambera-1 JicaPR_1102 Nusa Tenggara 0,6 326 APL 15 3,5
130 Dumoga-1 JicaPR_0860 Sulawesi 3,4 126 HSA-W 3,5
131 Labu-2 JicaPR_0734 Sulawesi 0,9 223 APL 3,4
HL, HPT &
132 Pia JicaPR_1221 Maluku 3,5 197 3,3
HPK
133 Lamuk JicaPR_1106 Nusa Tenggara 0,8 234 HL & APL 20 3,3
134 Ili-1 JicaPR_1201 Maluku 4,8 220 HL & HPT 3,2
135 Wai Miha JicaPR_1251 Maluku 1,4 254 HP 25 3,2
136 Makariki hp_0216 Maluku 1,0 211 HPK 3,1
137 Awo JicaPR_0780 Sulawesi 0,8 193 HL 2,9
138 Kolori hp_0281 Sulawesi 0,8 132 HSA-W 2,8
139 Lasolo-2 JicaPR_0751 Sulawesi 2,4 418 HL 15 2,8
140 Mala JicaPR_1220 Maluku 2,4 247 HPT 2,8
141 Bayau-1 JicaPR_0856 Sulawesi 1,9 260 HPT 2,5
142 Sissa JicaPR_1121 Nusa Tenggara 1,4 286 APL 2,5
143 PLTM Pidung fs_174 Sulawesi 0,6 251 HPT 2,4
144 Lelipang hp_0297 Sulawesi 0,4 283 APL 2,3
145 Kalempang-3 JicaPR_0792 Sulawesi 0,4 288 APL 2,3
146 Dopi JicaPR_0747 Sulawesi 3,5 574 HPT 2,2
147 Malik JicaPR_0735 Sulawesi 0,3 350 APL 2,1
148 Lot JicaPR_1228 Maluku 0,2 497 APL 2,0
149 Kina JicaPR_1217 Maluku 1,2 324 HPT 1,7
150 Sumara JicaPR_0740 Sulawesi 1,3 209 HSA-W 1,7
HSA-W &
151 Ayoung JicaPR_0859 Sulawesi 1,7 230 1,5
APL
152 Toma-4 JicaPR_0756 Sulawesi 1,5 356 HL & HPK 1,3
153 Toma-3 JicaPR_0755 Sulawesi 0,6 889 HL 1,1
154 Ela JicaPR_1227 Maluku 0,2 556 HL 1,0
155 Bonehau hp_0448 Sulawesi 0,2 388 HL & APL 1,0
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
1 Meseh-2 JicaPR_1134 Nusa Tenggara 11,9 67 APL 20 8,9
2 PLTM Sabuku fs_215 Sulawesi 11,2 99 APL 25 8,3
3 Lapai II hp_0221 Sulawesi 8,0 98 APL 10 8,3
4 Menu-2 JicaPR_1182 Nusa Tenggara 8,4 73 APL 20 8,1
5 PLTM Paun fs_203 Sulawesi 15,9 55 APL 8,0
6 Ria JicaPR_1129 Nusa Tenggara 8,7 72 APL 25 7,9
7 PLTM Rongkong 3 fs_206 Sulawesi 14,2 71 APL 7,8
8 PLTM Karangana I fs_210 Sulawesi 18,8 57 HPT & APL 7,7
9 PLTM Yaentu fs_165 Sulawesi 15,3 58 HPT 7,7
10 PLTM Sapalewa fs_192 Maluku 20,1 58 HPK 7,7
11 Rongkong hp_0436 Sulawesi 12,1 99 APL 7,6
12 PLTM Aralle fs_232 Sulawesi 14,9 73 HPT 7,6
13 Benain-1 JicaPR_1177 Nusa Tenggara 15,5 134 HP & APL 30 7,5
14 PLTM Masewo fs_223 Sulawesi 15,5 90 HPT 7,4
PLTM Maiting Hulu
15 fs_198 Sulawesi 9,0 57 APL 7,4
2
16 PLTM Ma'dong fs_195 Sulawesi 8,8 45 APL 7,4
17 PLTM Mapahi fs_213 Sulawesi 24,6 70 HL 7,3
18 PLTM Karangana II fs_211 Sulawesi 26,3 73 HL & HPT 7,3
19 PLTM Tabong fs_216 Sulawesi 13,9 137 APL 7,3
20 PLTA Tina fs_234 Maluku 10,1 116 HP 7,2
21 PLTM Tomoni fs_204 Sulawesi 9,3 50 HL & HP 7,1
22 Menu-1 JicaPR_1181 Nusa Tenggara 5,2 72 APL 10 7,1
23 Lariang-11 JicaPR_0841 Sulawesi 10,7 130 HPT 7,1
24 PLTM Sapaya fs_199 Sulawesi 8,1 48 APL 7,0
25 Kalada JicaPR_1093 Nusa Tenggara 7,3 91 APL 30 6,7
26 Laku JicaPR_1135 Nusa Tenggara 4,7 73 APL 15 6,5
27 Tuke JicaPR_1184 Nusa Tenggara 4,7 86 APL 15 6,4
28 PLTM Pamoseang fs_231 Sulawesi 7,9 83 HPT 6,4
29 Lake JicaPR_1131 Nusa Tenggara 5,7 93 HP & APL 20 6,3
30 Manasako JicaPR_1190 Nusa Tenggara 7,8 64 HL 6,3
31 Meseh-1 JicaPR_1133 Nusa Tenggara 3,4 80 APL 10 6,2
32 PLTM Batukede fs_193 Sulawesi 6,3 55 APL 6,1
33 Wooi Besar-2 JicaPR_1250 Maluku 8,2 146 HP 6,1
34 Wai Ranjang JicaPR_1116 Nusa Tenggara 2,6 88 APL 5 6,0
35 Ria Mboeli JicaPR_1130 Nusa Tenggara 3,8 89 APL 15 6,0
36 PLTM Siyuntoyo fs_227 Sulawesi 4,2 150 HPT 10 5,7
37 Rentelemo JicaPR_0811 Sulawesi 5,2 65 APL 5,5
38 Lawo Lambo JicaPR_1122 Nusa Tenggara 3,5 96 APL 20 5,4
39 PLTM Pono fs_163 Sulawesi 3,5 104 APL 20 5,4
40 Muke JicaPR_1183 Nusa Tenggara 3,1 124 APL 15 5,3
41 Tangkak-1 JicaPR_0793 Sulawesi 5,0 70 APL 5,3
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
1 Lapai II hp_0221 Sulawesi 8,0 98 APL 10 9,1
2 Menu-1 JicaPR_1181 Nusa Tenggara 5,2 72 APL 10 9,0
3 Wai Ranjang JicaPR_1116 Nusa Tenggara 2,6 88 APL 5 9,0
4 Meseh-2 JicaPR_1134 Nusa Tenggara 11,9 67 APL 20 8,9
5 Meseh-1 JicaPR_1133 Nusa Tenggara 3,4 80 APL 10 8,8
6 Menu-2 JicaPR_1182 Nusa Tenggara 8,4 73 APL 20 8,7
7 Laku JicaPR_1135 Nusa Tenggara 4,7 73 APL 15 8,6
8 Tuke JicaPR_1184 Nusa Tenggara 4,7 86 APL 15 8,5
9 Ria Mboeli JicaPR_1130 Nusa Tenggara 3,8 89 APL 15 8,4
10 Ria JicaPR_1129 Nusa Tenggara 8,7 72 APL 25 8,4
11 PLTM Sabuku fs_215 Sulawesi 11,2 99 APL 25 8,3
12 Bobo JicaPR_1136 Nusa Tenggara 2,0 123 APL 10 8,3
13 PLTM Sampaga fs_162 Sulawesi 1,3 155 APL 8 8,1
14 Muke JicaPR_1183 Nusa Tenggara 3,1 124 APL 15 8,1
15 Lawo Lambo JicaPR_1122 Nusa Tenggara 3,5 96 APL 20 8,0
16 PLTM Paun fs_203 Sulawesi 15,9 55 APL 8,0
17 PLTM Pono fs_163 Sulawesi 3,5 104 APL 20 8,0
18 PLTM Ma'dong fs_195 Sulawesi 8,8 45 APL 7,9
PLTM Maiting
19 fs_198 Sulawesi 9,0 57 APL 7,8
Hulu 2
20 PLTM Rongkong 3 fs_206 Sulawesi 14,2 71 APL 7,8
21 PLTM Sapaya fs_199 Sulawesi 8,1 48 APL 7,8
22 Kalada JicaPR_1093 Nusa Tenggara 7,3 91 APL 30 7,8
23 Wajo-2 JicaPR_1128 Nusa Tenggara 0,9 221 APL 5 7,7
24 Rongkong hp_0436 Sulawesi 12,1 99 APL 7,6
25 PLTM Batukede fs_193 Sulawesi 6,3 55 APL 7,6
26 Rentelemo JicaPR_0811 Sulawesi 5,2 65 APL 7,4
27 Tangkak-1 JicaPR_0793 Sulawesi 5,0 70 APL 7,3
28 Dondo-3 JicaPR_1126 Nusa Tenggara 1,9 205 APL 15 7,3
PLTM Ranowano
29 fs_171 Sulawesi 4,3 65 APL 7,3
Minahasa
30 PLTM Tabong fs_216 Sulawesi 13,9 137 APL 7,3
31 Leke JicaPR_1185 Nusa Tenggara 1,8 97 APL 30 7,2
32 PLTM Kindang 2 fs_205 Sulawesi 3,5 75 APL 7,1
33 PLTM Tincep 3 fs_173 Sulawesi 3,2 73 APL 7,1
PLTM
34 fs_208 Sulawesi 2,9 70 APL 7,1
Bontomantene
35 Kuala Tengah fs_221 Sulawesi 5,4 102 APL 7,1
36 Anail JicaPR_1188 Nusa Tenggara 4,6 96 APL 7,1
37 PLTM Wae Lega fs_236 Nusa Tenggara 2,3 73 APL 7,1
38 PLTM Siyuntoyo fs_227 Sulawesi 4,2 150 HPT 10 7,0
39 Rita JicaPR_1107 Nusa Tenggara 2,5 165 APL 25 7,0
40 Sawidago-1 #1 hp_0367 Sulawesi 2,2 72 APL 7,0
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
41 Noni JicaPR_1138 Nusa Tenggara 3,5 90 APL 7,0
42 Kamatang-2 JicaPR_1100 Nusa Tenggara 4,6 105 APL 7,0
43 Lake JicaPR_1131 Nusa Tenggara 5,7 93 HP & APL 20 7,0
44 Wai Ru JicaPR_1115 Nusa Tenggara 2,4 94 APL 6,9
45 Kamatang-1 JicaPR_1099 Nusa Tenggara 2,5 149 APL 30 6,9
46 Palu-2A JicaPR_0845 Sulawesi 5,0 131 APL 6,9
47 Mata Alo-1 JicaPR_0806 Sulawesi 3,1 107 APL 6,9
PLTM Bongkasoa-
48 fs_160 Sulawesi 1,7 92 APL 6,8
Simpoyo
49 Buol-1 JicaPR_0850 Sulawesi 4,1 125 APL 6,8
50 Wai Racang JicaEX_0108 Nusa Tenggara 1,5 98 APL 6,8
51 Taramanu-1 JicaPR_1139 Nusa Tenggara 3,6 128 APL 6,7
52 PLTM Karangana I fs_210 Sulawesi 18,8 57 HPT & APL 6,7
53 PLTM Yaentu fs_165 Sulawesi 15,3 58 HPT 6,7
54 PLTM Sapalewa fs_192 Maluku 20,1 58 HPK 6,7
55 PLTM Pasui 2 fs_184 Sulawesi 1,7 114 APL 6,7
56 Siwa JicaPR_0781 Sulawesi 1,8 116 APL 6,7
PLTM Benteng
57 fs_194 Sulawesi 1,3 111 APL 6,6
Malewang
58 Kuala Kilo fs_220 Sulawesi 5,3 166 APL 6,6
59 PLTM Malua fs_188 Sulawesi 1,5 121 APL 6,6
60 PLTM Aralle fs_232 Sulawesi 14,9 73 HPT 6,6
61 Nowa JicaPR_1114 Nusa Tenggara 1,2 175 HP & APL 10 6,5
62 Lamo-2 JicaPR_1233 Maluku 4,1 161 APL 6,5
63 Buleleng hp_0456 Sulawesi 3,9 93 HPT & HPK 25 6,5
64 Benain-1 JicaPR_1177 Nusa Tenggara 15,5 134 HP & APL 30 6,5
65 Batuputi JicaPR_0786 Sulawesi 2,0 145 APL 6,4
66 PLTM Masewo fs_223 Sulawesi 15,5 90 HPT 6,4
67 Kambera-1 JicaPR_1102 Nusa Tenggara 0,6 326 APL 15 6,4
68 PLTMH Eremerasa fs_181 Sulawesi 0,6 133 APL 6,4
69 Maraja-3 JicaPR_0848 Sulawesi 1,2 165 HPT & APL 15 6,3
70 PLTM Pamoseang fs_231 Sulawesi 7,9 83 HPT 6,3
71 Kadassa-2 JicaPR_1097 Nusa Tenggara 2,6 269 APL 25 6,2
72 Taramanu-2 JicaPR_1140 Nusa Tenggara 4,1 197 APL 6,2
73 PLTM Soru fs_237 Nusa Tenggara 0,7 155 APL 6,2
PLTM Wanokaka
74 fs_246 Nusa Tenggara 0,6 156 APL 6,2
2
75 PLTA Tina fs_234 Maluku 10,1 116 HP 6,2
76 Dondo-1 JicaPR_1124 Nusa Tenggara 1,0 164 APL 6,2
77 Palame-1 JicaPR_1094 Nusa Tenggara 1,9 158 HPT & APL 20 6,1
78 Larana JicaPR_1191 Nusa Tenggara 0,6 168 APL 6,1
79 Lariang-11 JicaPR_0841 Sulawesi 10,7 130 HPT 6,1
80 Kambera-3 JicaPR_1105 Nusa Tenggara 2,5 244 APL 30 6,1
81 Bajo JicaPR_0779 Sulawesi 1,2 181 APL 6,1
82 Taima JicaPR_0729 Sulawesi 1,6 188 APL 6,1
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
83 Palame-2 JicaPR_1095 Nusa Tenggara 4,1 113 HPT & APL 30 6,1
84 Randangan-2 JicaPR_0718 Sulawesi 5,5 83 HPT 6,0
85 Mikuasi (PLN) hp_0447 Sulawesi 2,7 103 HL 10 6,0
86 PLTM Dako fs_161 Sulawesi 0,4 180 APL 6,0
87 Watumbaka JicaPR_1109 Nusa Tenggara 1,5 170 HP & APL 20 6,0
88 Lakalamba JicaPR_1101 Nusa Tenggara 1,2 126 HP 25 6,0
89 Paca JicaPR_1234 Maluku 0,5 239 HPK 10 6,0
90 Karendi-2 JicaPR_1092 Nusa Tenggara 2,3 110 HL & APL 10 5,9
91 Waikudu JicaPR_1104 Nusa Tenggara 4,2 85 HPK & APL 5,9
92 PLTM Harunda fs_242 Nusa Tenggara 3,1 74 HPT & APL 5,9
93 Gamputa JicaPR_0858 Sulawesi 5,0 99 HPK 5,9
94 Ngodama JicaPR_1236 Maluku 5,7 114 HPT 5,8
95 Wooi Besar-2 JicaPR_1250 Maluku 8,2 146 HP 5,8
96 PLTM Lobu fs_222 Sulawesi 3,5 93 HPT 5,8
97 Labu-2 JicaPR_0734 Sulawesi 0,9 223 APL 5,7
98 Halulai hp_0391 Sulawesi 2,2 89 HPT 5,7
99 Ilanga-1 JicaPR_0854 Sulawesi 5,5 134 HPT 5,6
100 Leman JicaPR_1208 Maluku 1,4 225 HPK 20 5,5
101 Paddumpu hp_0311 Sulawesi 1,9 108 HPT & APL 5,5
102 Kapsali JicaPR_1141 Nusa Tenggara 1,6 160 HPT 30 5,4
103 PLTM Tomoni fs_204 Sulawesi 9,3 50 HL & HP 5,4
104 Ranoyapo-1 JicaPR_0867 Sulawesi 2,8 127 HP 5,4
105 PLTM Mapahi fs_213 Sulawesi 24,6 70 HL 5,3
106 Liocopa JicaPR_1224 Maluku 1,0 245 HP 20 5,3
PLTM Karangana
107 fs_211 Sulawesi 26,3 73 HL & HPT 5,3
II
108 Poigar-4 JicaPR_0866 Sulawesi 2,6 138 HP 5,3
109 Nua JicaPR_1222 Maluku 4,0 161 HPK 5,3
110 Sissa JicaPR_1121 Nusa Tenggara 1,4 286 APL 5,3
111 Lelipang hp_0297 Sulawesi 0,4 283 APL 5,2
112 Manasako JicaPR_1190 Nusa Tenggara 7,8 64 HL 5,2
113 Kalempang-3 JicaPR_0792 Sulawesi 0,4 288 APL 5,1
114 PLTM Tirtanagaya fs_229 Sulawesi 2,1 160 HPT 5,1
115 Mama JicaPR_1204 Maluku 1,8 161 HPT 5,0
116 Malik JicaPR_0735 Sulawesi 0,3 350 APL 5,0
117 Lot JicaPR_1228 Maluku 0,2 497 APL 5,0
118 Wai Miha JicaPR_1251 Maluku 1,4 254 HP 25 5,0
119 Pastu Ra JicaPR_1247 Maluku 1,3 180 HL 15 5,0
120 PLTM Bungin 2 fs_207 Sulawesi 4,9 62 HL 4,9
121 PLTM Bengkoli fs_168 Sulawesi 1,6 179 HPT & APL 4,9
122 Melolo-1 JicaPR_1110 Nusa Tenggara 0,8 190 HL & APL 15 4,8
PLTM
123 fs_228 Sulawesi 3,0 204 HPT 4,8
Sinombulung
124 PLTM Ponju fs_169 Sulawesi 0,8 177 HPT 4,8
125 Melolo-2 JicaPR_1111 Nusa Tenggara 2,0 167 HL 20 4,8
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
126 Makariki hp_0216 Maluku 1,0 211 HPK 4,6
127 Jajawi JicaPR_1230 Maluku 6,5 135 HL 4,5
128 Toma-2 JicaPR_0754 Sulawesi 1,7 209 HL 20 4,4
129 Sawidago-3 hp_0394 Sulawesi 1,9 84 HL 4,4
130 Mala JicaPR_1220 Maluku 2,4 247 HPT 4,4
131 Ranu-2 JicaPR_1206 Maluku 5,5 146 HL 4,3
132 PLTM Kahaya fs_180 Sulawesi 2,2 106 HL & APL 4,3
133 Riorita hp_0401 Sulawesi 2,1 105 HL & APL 4,3
134 Bayau-1 JicaPR_0856 Sulawesi 1,9 260 HPT 4,3
135 Lariang-10 JicaPR_0840 Sulawesi 5,5 154 HL & HPT 4,2
136 PLTM Pidung fs_174 Sulawesi 0,6 251 HPT 4,2
137 Lamuk JicaPR_1106 Nusa Tenggara 0,8 234 HL & APL 20 4,2
138 Dopi JicaPR_0747 Sulawesi 3,5 574 HPT 4,1
139 Lasolo-2 JicaPR_0751 Sulawesi 2,4 418 HL 15 4,1
140 Kina JicaPR_1217 Maluku 1,2 324 HPT 3,9
141 PLTM Kadundung fs_202 Sulawesi 1,2 145 HL 3,9
142 Iwoimenda JicaPR_0764 Sulawesi 2,4 164 HL 3,8
HL, HPT &
143 Pia JicaPR_1221 Maluku 3,5 197 3,7
HPK
144 Ili-1 JicaPR_1201 Maluku 4,8 220 HL & HPT 3,6
145 Awo JicaPR_0780 Sulawesi 0,8 193 HL 3,4
146 Toma-4 JicaPR_0756 Sulawesi 1,5 356 HL & HPK 2,7
147 Toma-3 JicaPR_0755 Sulawesi 0,6 889 HL 2,6
148 Ela JicaPR_1227 Maluku 0,2 556 HL 2,5
149 Bonehau hp_0448 Sulawesi 0,2 388 HL & APL 2,5
150 Irauri JicaPR_1189 Nusa Tenggara 3,1 78 HSA-W 2,1
151 Paguyaman-1 JicaPR_0715 Sulawesi 3,8 127 HSA-W 1,8
152 Dumoga-1 JicaPR_0860 Sulawesi 3,4 126 HSA-W 1,7
153 Kolori hp_0281 Sulawesi 0,8 132 HSA-W 1,4
154 Sumara JicaPR_0740 Sulawesi 1,3 209 HSA-W 0,9
HSA-W &
155 Ayoung JicaPR_0859 Sulawesi 1,7 230 0,7
APL
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
1 Wai Ranjang JicaPR_1116 Nusa Tenggara 2,6 88 APL 5 8,8
2 Menu-1 JicaPR_1181 Nusa Tenggara 5,2 72 APL 10 8,5
3 Lapai II hp_0221 Sulawesi 8,0 98 APL 10 8,4
4 Meseh-1 JicaPR_1133 Nusa Tenggara 3,4 80 APL 10 8,2
5 Laku JicaPR_1135 Nusa Tenggara 4,7 73 APL 15 7,6
6 Bobo JicaPR_1136 Nusa Tenggara 2,0 123 APL 10 7,5
7 PLTM Sampaga fs_162 Sulawesi 1,3 155 APL 8 7,5
8 Tuke JicaPR_1184 Nusa Tenggara 4,7 86 APL 15 7,4
9 Meseh-2 JicaPR_1134 Nusa Tenggara 11,9 67 APL 20 7,4
10 Mikuasi (PLN) hp_0447 Sulawesi 2,7 103 HL 10 7,3
11 Ria Mboeli JicaPR_1130 Nusa Tenggara 3,8 89 APL 15 7,3
12 Karendi-2 JicaPR_1092 Nusa Tenggara 2,3 110 HL & APL 10 7,2
13 PLTM Siyuntoyo fs_227 Sulawesi 4,2 150 HPT 10 7,2
14 Menu-2 JicaPR_1182 Nusa Tenggara 8,4 73 APL 20 7,2
15 Wajo-2 JicaPR_1128 Nusa Tenggara 0,9 221 APL 5 7,0
16 Muke JicaPR_1183 Nusa Tenggara 3,1 124 APL 15 6,8
17 Nowa JicaPR_1114 Nusa Tenggara 1,2 175 HP & APL 10 6,6
18 Lake JicaPR_1131 Nusa Tenggara 5,7 93 HP & APL 20 6,4
19 Ria JicaPR_1129 Nusa Tenggara 8,7 72 APL 25 6,4
20 Lawo Lambo JicaPR_1122 Nusa Tenggara 3,5 96 APL 20 6,4
21 PLTM Pono fs_163 Sulawesi 3,5 104 APL 20 6,3
22 PLTM Sabuku fs_215 Sulawesi 11,2 99 APL 25 6,2
23 Maraja-3 JicaPR_0848 Sulawesi 1,2 165 HPT & APL 15 5,9
24 Paca JicaPR_1234 Maluku 0,5 239 HPK 10 5,7
25 Dondo-3 JicaPR_1126 Nusa Tenggara 1,9 205 APL 15 5,7
26 Pastu Ra JicaPR_1247 Maluku 1,3 180 HL 15 5,5
27 Buleleng hp_0456 Sulawesi 3,9 93 HPT & HPK 25 5,4
28 Melolo-1 JicaPR_1110 Nusa Tenggara 0,8 190 HL & APL 15 5,3
29 Palame-1 JicaPR_1094 Nusa Tenggara 1,9 158 HPT & APL 20 5,2
30 Kalada JicaPR_1093 Nusa Tenggara 7,3 91 APL 30 5,2
31 Watumbaka JicaPR_1109 Nusa Tenggara 1,5 170 HP & APL 20 5,1
32 PLTM Paun fs_203 Sulawesi 15,9 55 APL 4,9
33 Melolo-2 JicaPR_1111 Nusa Tenggara 2,0 167 HL 20 4,9
34 PLTM Ma'dong fs_195 Sulawesi 8,8 45 APL 4,9
PLTM Maiting
35 fs_198 Sulawesi 9,0 57 APL 4,8
Hulu 2
36 PLTM Sapaya fs_199 Sulawesi 8,1 48 APL 4,8
37 Lakalamba JicaPR_1101 Nusa Tenggara 1,2 126 HP 25 4,8
38 Benain-1 JicaPR_1177 Nusa Tenggara 15,5 134 HP & APL 30 4,7
39 PLTM Rongkong 3 fs_206 Sulawesi 14,2 71 APL 4,7
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
40 PLTM Karangana I fs_210 Sulawesi 18,8 57 HPT & APL 4,7
41 Rita JicaPR_1107 Nusa Tenggara 2,5 165 APL 25 4,7
42 PLTM Yaentu fs_165 Sulawesi 15,3 58 HPT 4,7
43 PLTM Sapalewa fs_192 Maluku 20,1 58 HPK 4,7
44 Leke JicaPR_1185 Nusa Tenggara 1,8 97 APL 30 4,6
45 PLTM Batukede fs_193 Sulawesi 6,3 55 APL 4,6
46 PLTM Aralle fs_232 Sulawesi 14,9 73 HPT 4,5
47 Kambera-1 JicaPR_1102 Nusa Tenggara 0,6 326 APL 15 4,5
48 PLTM Tomoni fs_204 Sulawesi 9,3 50 HL & HP 4,4
49 Rongkong hp_0436 Sulawesi 12,1 99 APL 4,4
50 Palame-2 JicaPR_1095 Nusa Tenggara 4,1 113 HPT & APL 30 4,4
51 Leman JicaPR_1208 Maluku 1,4 225 HPK 20 4,4
52 Toma-2 JicaPR_0754 Sulawesi 1,7 209 HL 20 4,4
53 Rentelemo JicaPR_0811 Sulawesi 5,2 65 APL 4,3
54 PLTM Masewo fs_223 Sulawesi 15,5 90 HPT 4,3
55 PLTM Mapahi fs_213 Sulawesi 24,6 70 HL 4,3
56 Tangkak-1 JicaPR_0793 Sulawesi 5,0 70 APL 4,3
PLTM Ranowano
57 fs_171 Sulawesi 4,3 65 APL 4,2
Minahasa
PLTM Karangana
58 fs_211 Sulawesi 26,3 73 HL & HPT 4,2
II
59 Lasolo-2 JicaPR_0751 Sulawesi 2,4 418 HL 15 4,1
60 PLTM Pamoseang fs_231 Sulawesi 7,9 83 HPT 4,1
61 Liocopa JicaPR_1224 Maluku 1,0 245 HP 20 4,1
62 Manasako JicaPR_1190 Nusa Tenggara 7,8 64 HL 4,1
63 Kamatang-1 JicaPR_1099 Nusa Tenggara 2,5 149 APL 30 4,1
64 PLTM Kindang 2 fs_205 Sulawesi 3,5 75 APL 4,0
PLTM
65 fs_208 Sulawesi 2,9 70 APL 4,0
Bontomantene
66 PLTM Tincep 3 fs_173 Sulawesi 3,2 73 APL 4,0
67 Lamuk JicaPR_1106 Nusa Tenggara 0,8 234 HL & APL 20 4,0
68 PLTM Wae Lega fs_236 Nusa Tenggara 2,3 73 APL 4,0
69 PLTM Tabong fs_216 Sulawesi 13,9 137 APL 4,0
70 PLTA Tina fs_234 Maluku 10,1 116 HP 4,0
71 Sawidago-1 #1 hp_0367 Sulawesi 2,2 72 APL 4,0
72 Anail JicaPR_1188 Nusa Tenggara 4,6 96 APL 3,9
73 Kuala Tengah fs_221 Sulawesi 5,4 102 APL 3,9
74 Randangan-2 JicaPR_0718 Sulawesi 5,5 83 HPT 3,9
75 Noni JicaPR_1138 Nusa Tenggara 3,5 90 APL 3,9
76 PLTM Bungin 2 fs_207 Sulawesi 4,9 62 HL 3,9
77 Kamatang-2 JicaPR_1100 Nusa Tenggara 4,6 105 APL 3,8
78 Lariang-11 JicaPR_0841 Sulawesi 10,7 130 HPT 3,8
79 PLTM Harunda fs_242 Nusa Tenggara 3,1 74 HPT & APL 3,8
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
80 Waikudu JicaPR_1104 Nusa Tenggara 4,2 85 HPK & APL 3,8
81 Wai Ru JicaPR_1115 Nusa Tenggara 2,4 94 APL 3,7
PLTM Bongkasoa-
82 fs_160 Sulawesi 1,7 92 APL 3,7
Simpoyo
83 Gamputa JicaPR_0858 Sulawesi 5,0 99 HPK 3,7
84 Mata Alo-1 JicaPR_0806 Sulawesi 3,1 107 APL 3,6
85 Kapsali JicaPR_1141 Nusa Tenggara 1,6 160 HPT 30 3,6
86 PLTM Lobu fs_222 Sulawesi 3,5 93 HPT 3,6
87 Wai Racang JicaEX_0108 Nusa Tenggara 1,5 98 APL 3,6
88 Ngodama JicaPR_1236 Maluku 5,7 114 HPT 3,6
89 Palu-2A JicaPR_0845 Sulawesi 5,0 131 APL 3,5
90 Buol-1 JicaPR_0850 Sulawesi 4,1 125 APL 3,5
91 Halulai hp_0391 Sulawesi 2,2 89 HPT 3,5
92 Kadassa-2 JicaPR_1097 Nusa Tenggara 2,6 269 APL 25 3,4
93 Taramanu-1 JicaPR_1139 Nusa Tenggara 3,6 128 APL 3,4
94 Wooi Besar-2 JicaPR_1250 Maluku 8,2 146 HP 3,4
95 PLTM Pasui 2 fs_184 Sulawesi 1,7 114 APL 3,4
PLTM Benteng
96 fs_194 Sulawesi 1,3 111 APL 3,4
Malewang
97 Siwa JicaPR_0781 Sulawesi 1,8 116 APL 3,4
98 Ilanga-1 JicaPR_0854 Sulawesi 5,5 134 HPT 3,3
99 PLTM Malua fs_188 Sulawesi 1,5 121 APL 3,3
100 Sawidago-3 hp_0394 Sulawesi 1,9 84 HL 3,3
101 Paddumpu hp_0311 Sulawesi 1,9 108 HPT & APL 3,2
102 Wai Miha JicaPR_1251 Maluku 1,4 254 HP 25 3,2
103 Jajawi JicaPR_1230 Maluku 6,5 135 HL 3,1
104 Kuala Kilo fs_220 Sulawesi 5,3 166 APL 3,1
105 Ranoyapo-1 JicaPR_0867 Sulawesi 2,8 127 HP 3,1
106 Lamo-2 JicaPR_1233 Maluku 4,1 161 APL 3,1
107 PLTMH Eremerasa fs_181 Sulawesi 0,6 133 APL 3,1
108 Batuputi JicaPR_0786 Sulawesi 2,0 145 APL 3,1
109 PLTM Kahaya fs_180 Sulawesi 2,2 106 HL & APL 3,1
110 Riorita hp_0401 Sulawesi 2,1 105 HL & APL 3,0
111 Irauri JicaPR_1189 Nusa Tenggara 3,1 78 HSA-W 3,0
112 Poigar-4 JicaPR_0866 Sulawesi 2,6 138 HP 3,0
113 Kambera-3 JicaPR_1105 Nusa Tenggara 2,5 244 APL 30 2,9
114 Ranu-2 JicaPR_1206 Maluku 5,5 146 HL 2,9
115 Nua JicaPR_1222 Maluku 4,0 161 HPK 2,8
116 PLTM Soru fs_237 Nusa Tenggara 0,7 155 APL 2,8
117 Lariang-10 JicaPR_0840 Sulawesi 5,5 154 HL & HPT 2,8
PLTM Wanokaka
118 fs_246 Nusa Tenggara 0,6 156 APL 2,8
2
119 Dondo-1 JicaPR_1124 Nusa Tenggara 1,0 164 APL 2,7
Installed Local
LCOE Protected Weighted
Project ID Island capacity Electrification -
(USD/MWh) Area score
(MW) Radius (km)
120 Taramanu-2 JicaPR_1140 Nusa Tenggara 4,1 197 APL 2,6
121 PLTM Tirtanagaya fs_229 Sulawesi 2,1 160 HPT 2,6
122 Larana JicaPR_1191 Nusa Tenggara 0,6 168 APL 2,6
123 Mama JicaPR_1204 Maluku 1,8 161 HPT 2,6
124 Bajo JicaPR_0779 Sulawesi 1,2 181 APL 2,5
125 Taima JicaPR_0729 Sulawesi 1,6 188 APL 2,5
126 PLTM Dako fs_161 Sulawesi 0,4 180 APL 2,5
127 PLTM Kadundung fs_202 Sulawesi 1,2 145 HL 2,5
128 Paguyaman-1 JicaPR_0715 Sulawesi 3,8 127 HSA-W 2,5
129 Dumoga-1 JicaPR_0860 Sulawesi 3,4 126 HSA-W 2,4
130 Iwoimenda JicaPR_0764 Sulawesi 2,4 164 HL 2,4
131 PLTM Bengkoli fs_168 Sulawesi 1,6 179 HPT & APL 2,4
132 PLTM Ponju fs_169 Sulawesi 0,8 177 HPT 2,3
PLTM
133 fs_228 Sulawesi 3,0 204 HPT 2,2
Sinombulung
134 Kolori hp_0281 Sulawesi 0,8 132 HSA-W 2,1
HL, HPT &
135 Pia JicaPR_1221 Maluku 3,5 197 2,1
HPK
136 Labu-2 JicaPR_0734 Sulawesi 0,9 223 APL 2,0
137 Ili-1 JicaPR_1201 Maluku 4,8 220 HL & HPT 1,9
138 Makariki hp_0216 Maluku 1,0 211 HPK 1,9
139 Awo JicaPR_0780 Sulawesi 0,8 193 HL 1,9
140 Mala JicaPR_1220 Maluku 2,4 247 HPT 1,6
141 Bayau-1 JicaPR_0856 Sulawesi 1,9 260 HPT 1,4
142 PLTM Pidung fs_174 Sulawesi 0,6 251 HPT 1,4
143 Sissa JicaPR_1121 Nusa Tenggara 1,4 286 APL 1,3
144 Lelipang hp_0297 Sulawesi 0,4 283 APL 1,2
145 Sumara JicaPR_0740 Sulawesi 1,3 209 HSA-W 1,2
146 Kalempang-3 JicaPR_0792 Sulawesi 0,4 288 APL 1,2
147 Dopi JicaPR_0747 Sulawesi 3,5 574 HPT 1,1
148 Malik JicaPR_0735 Sulawesi 0,3 350 APL 1,0
149 Lot JicaPR_1228 Maluku 0,2 497 APL 1,0
HSA-W &
150 Ayoung JicaPR_0859 Sulawesi 1,7 230 1,0
APL
151 Kina JicaPR_1217 Maluku 1,2 324 HPT 0,9
152 Toma-4 JicaPR_0756 Sulawesi 1,5 356 HL & HPK 0,7
153 Toma-3 JicaPR_0755 Sulawesi 0,6 889 HL 0,6
154 Ela JicaPR_1227 Maluku 0,2 556 HL 0,5
155 Bonehau hp_0448 Sulawesi 0,2 388 HL & APL 0,5
Irauri JicaPR_1189 0,9 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,7
Manasako JicaPR_1190 2,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,7
Larana JicaPR_1191 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,7
Ili-1 JicaPR_1201 1,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,3 0,4
Mama JicaPR_1204 0,6 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5
Ranu-2 JicaPR_1206 2,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2
Leman JicaPR_1208 0,4 0,0 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,9
Kina JicaPR_1217 0,3 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,2
Mala JicaPR_1220 0,8 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,8
Jajawi JicaPR_1230 2,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2
Ngodama JicaPR_1236 2,2 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,8
Pastu Ra JicaPR_1247 0,4 0,0 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,9 1,2 1,9
Wooi Besar-2 JicaPR_1250 3,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3
Wai Miha JicaPR_1251 0,5 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,7 1,0
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