W-CDMA technology

Today’s Items
Principle of CDMA
- Frequency allocation
- Principle of DS-CDMA
- Transmit power control

Basic W-CDMA Transmission Technologies

- Two-layer spreading code assignment
- Inter-BS asynchronous mode

Characteristics of W-CDMA
- Statistical Multiplexing effect
- MS stand-by time
- Coherent RAKE reception (RAKE time diversity)

3G Roll Out Plan

- FOMA service content
- 3G Roll out plan 2
 Frequency Allocation

FDMA / TDMA CDMA

f1 f1 f1 f1
f2 f2 f1 f1
f3 f3 f1 f1
f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1
f2 f2 f2 f1 f1 f1
f3 f3 f3 f1 f1 f1
f1 f1 f1 f1
f2 f2 f1 f1
f3 f3 f1 f1

In case of 3 cell repetition Same frequency in all area.

Take care of frequency allocation.

3
Principal Diagram

B(5MHz) B(5MHz)

W
W W

Channel Data Data Channel

Filter
Coding Modulation Demodulation Decoding

Spreading
Code ~ ~ Spreading
Code
Frequency Frequency
Spreading Synthesizer Synthesizer Despreading

Chip rate of spread data

SF (spreading factor)=
Symbol rate of transmitted data 4
 Principal Diagram
(Waveform of spreading codes in DS-CDMA)

Transmitted data
User 1 sequence

1 1 1 1 Composite signal
-1
Spreading code
1 1 1 1 2 2
0 0 00
-1 -1 -1 -1
User 2 -2 -2

1 -1 1
-1 -1
Spreading code Recovered transmitted data
11 11 Integrate sequence for user 1
-1-1-1-1 & dump
Spreading code 1 1 1 1
-1
1 1 1 1
-1 -1 -1 -1
receiver User 1
Integration over the symbol length to recover
5
Transmit Power Control

Near – far problem

despreading

MS
MS Node B

Power control

despreading

MS MS Node B

TPC Minimize Increase

is essential the Tx power the system capacity 6
Transmit Power Control

Closed loop transmit power control in the Uplink

SIR
Target SIR
Tslot

Up Link

Transmit power control

SIR measurement
1dB step
Down Link

TPC bit
7
Today’s Items
Principle of CDMA
- Frequency allocation
- Principle of DS-CDMA
- Transmit power control

Basic W-CDMA Transmission Technologies

- Two-layer spreading code assignment
- Inter-BS asynchronous mode

Characteristics of W-CDMA
- Statistical Multiplexing effect
- MS stand-by time
- Coherent RAKE reception (RAKE time diversity)

3G Roll Out Plan

- FOMA service content
- 3G Roll out plan 8
 Two-layer Spreading Code Assignment

transmission data is spread by scrambling codes and channelization codes.

Extremely large number of scrambling code can be used.

Scrambling Code Channelization Code

10m sec length 4 chip

(38,400 chip) |
X
512 chip

Elimination of interference components Increase

arising form multiple CH the system capacity 9
 How to use (1/2)

Down Link Up Link

Scrambling Code
Channelization Scrambling Code
Code MS
(A)

Node-B MS
Node-BChannelization (B)
Code

10
How to use (2/2)

Summary

Down Link Up Link

Scrambling Code -To identify cells. -To identify Users.

-Code shall be assigned to -Code shall be assigned to
each cell. each user.
-Number of Code ; 512 -Number of Code ; 2
24

-Assignment work by -Assignment work by

System Designer is required. System Designer is not
required.

Channelization Code -To identify the channels to -To identify the channels
be used in a cell. to be used in a user.
-Code shall be assigned to -Code shall be assigned to
each user. each channel.

11
Inter-BS Asynchronous mode (1/2)

Code Assignment in Downlink

-comparison between Asynchronous and Synchronous at inter-cell
Outer Timing
Source
Inter-cell Asynchronous Inter-cell Synchronous GPS

Cell-C Cell-C
Cell-A Cell-A

Cell-B Cell-B
Time Shift

A set of Orthogonal Multi-SF Code

12
Inter-BS Asynchronous mode (2/2)

Benefit of Asynchronous

- No need Outer Timing Source.

- Flexibly implement in-door service in code planning.
- Available to assign the same channelization
code in each cell.
- In Downlink, easy to assign scrambling code
because of many code available as 512.

13
Today’s Items
Principle of CDMA
- Frequency allocation
- Principle of DS-CDMA
- Transmit power control

Basic W-CDMA Transmission Technologies

- Two-layer spreading code assignment
- Inter-BS asynchronous mode

Characteristics of W-CDMA
- Statistical Multiplexing effect
- MS stand-by time
- Coherent RAKE reception (RAKE time diversity)

3G Roll Out Plan

- FOMA service content
- 3G Roll out plan 14
 Statistical Multiplexing Effect
Statistical Multiplexing effect N/c

2.5
Voice Activity=0.4 10% (C+1)user

1%
User #1
2.0 User #2
Outage=0.1%
User #3
User #4
User #5
1.5
User #6
User #7

1.0 Active C user OK!

0 50 100 150 200
Capacity C
15
 MS Stand-by Time

Low bit-rate
common PCH PCH
control ON ON
channel
Rx.OFF

High bit-rate PCH PCH

common
control channel ON ON

Rx. OFF
Wideband accelerates the bit rate in the control channel,
And make it possible to reduce the rate of intermittent reception. 16
 Coherent RAKE Reception (RAKE time diversity)

Narrow-band received signal

Node B
Power Wide-band received signal

Multi-pass
Delay time

MS Estimation
filter
Recovered
Radio transmitted environment data
in urban area Coherent Rake Channel
combining decoder

Rake combiner

High efficiency
Wide-band High resolution
of Rake combiner 17
Delay profile

7.68Mcps

1 s

18
Site Diversity

Up Link Down Link

RNC Selection RNC Replica

combining generating

Quality=5 Quality=10

Node B1 Node B2 Node B1 Node B2

MS MS

19
Site Diversity ( Field trial )

80
Added Akasaka-site
RSSI (MS) [dBμ]

60

40

20 Akasaka-site
Aoyama-site Delete Aoyama-site
0
time
20
E b/I 0 (BTS) [dB]

15

10

0
time

20