E GRAPHICS: PROJECTION

ENGG DRAWING: CONIC

OFSECTIONS
LINES S.RAMANATHAN
S.RAMANATHAN ASST PROF
ASST PROFDRKIST
MVSREC
(PROBLEMS ON TRACES)-Model 2 CONTPh:
ACT9989717732
NO: 9989717732 rama_bhp@yahoo.com

1) The front view of a line AB measures 65 (iii)
mm and makes an angle of 450 with xy. A is in
the HP & the VT of the line is 15 mm below the
HP. The line is inclined at 300 to the VP. Draw
the projections of the line & find its true length (iv)
& its inclinations with the HP & also locate its
HT
(Page 215- 9th problem of text book)
Below x-y, draw a line ║to x-y at 15 mm
& the point where it cuts the line through
(h, FV), mark VT. h, VT & FV are on the
same line.
On VT, draw a ┴ on xy to get v.
b2’

Ans) Given data:

Front view (FV) = 65 65 (FV)

FV Angle (α) = 450
End A from HP (a’) (in HP) = 0
VT (below xy as it is below HP) = 15 v a’
Line angle to VP (TL with VP) (Φ) = 300 x y
h
15
Logic:
Æ Whenever data about the other trace is not
known, then there is a small deviation that VT
is used in the procedure to draw traces.
Æ Join (h, VT) & locate v. Since β is not
known & also HT is not known, we use
the deviation of drawing the TL line (v) Since data on HT or β is not given, we
making angle Φ from v. take the deviation of drawing TL at angle
Æ The FV is rotated about VT to bring it to Φ from v itself. Actually, we know that
same level as VT and projected onto TL TV at angle β should pass through v or
line which is at angle Φ from v. HT. Here, we draw TL at Ф from v.
Æ The locus of B is found & then the b2’
projections are obtained using the standard
rules of rotation of FV or TV.
Steps:
65 (FV)
i) Draw x-y line, mark a’ on xy and draw
the FV (a’ b2’) 65 mm at 450.
ii) Mark h where FV cuts xy. Here h=a’. v a’
x h y
b2’ Φ
65 (FV)
VT
0
a’ 45

x h y

TL lies on this line

1
E GRAPHICS: PROJECTION OF LINES S.RAMANATHAN ASST PROF MVSREC
(PROBLEMS ON TRACES)-Model 2 Ph: 9989717732 rama_bhp@yahoo.com

(vi) Now, a 2nd deviation is used in getting Locus of B from HP

the locus lines of end B. b2’

The locus line of B lies on line through v but FV is FV

on VT line, we use (v, VT) as base points for
drawing the arcs v a’
h
This is explained as below: b1’

VT
To get TL from FV, we know that FV has to be a
rotated about a’ to same as a’ level & projected
onto the TL line to get the locus of B.
et b1. TV
Here, we rotate FV about VT instead of a’.

With VT as centre & VT- b2’ as radius, draw an b2 b1

arc to VT level at b1’ & project onto TL line
through v to get b1. Thus, in this problem, there are 2 lines
passing through v instead of 1 in usual case.
On b1, draw a line ║to xy to get the locus of B.
b2’ Finally the true length has to be shown from a’.
To get the TL, rotate the TV a-b2 about a &
FV project onto locus line through b2’ to get b’.

v a’
a’ b’ is the TL at angle θ.
b2’ b’
h b1’
FV TL
VT
v θ α
a’
h
TL lies on this line b1’

VT
b1 HT, a
β
Locus of B from VP
TV

(vii) Now to get the TV, project b2’ on

locus of B to get b2. b2 b1

Join v-b2 and draw projector from a’ to get a on The answer is as follows:
v - b2. HT lies on a itself as a-b2 is the TV.
a-b2 represents the Top View TV at angle β. TL = 74 mm; θ = 380; β = 410; HT=12 below xy.

2
E GRAPHICS: PROJECTION
ENGG DRAWING: CONIC
OFSECTIONS
LINES S.RAMANATHAN
S.RAMANATHAN ASST PROF
ASST PROFDRKIST
MVSREC
(PROBLEMS ON TRACES)-Model 2 CONTPh:
ACT9989717732
NO: 9989717732 rama_bhp@yahoo.com

This is Prob 10, pg 215 of text book

2) A line AB is in the 1st quadrant. Its ends iii) The points where the locus of A & B
A & B are 20 mm & 60 mm in front of VP cut the projector lines gives us the end
respectively. The distance between the end points of top view, namely a & b2. Join
projectors is 75 mm. The line is inclined at 300 to a-b2 to get the top view (TV).
the HP & its HT is 10 mm above xy. Draw the
projections of AB & find its True length & the iv) Extend TV to cut xy at v.
VT.
v) Since TV, v & HT lie on the same line,
Ans) Given data: extend TV further above xy to cut locus of HT
at 10 mm above xy. Mark HT at 10 mm above
Distance of end A from VP (a) = 20 xy on TV line.
Distance of end B from VP (b/ b2) = 60
Distance between projectors (dp) = 75 vi) Project HT on x-y to get h.
HT (above xy) = 10
TL angle to Hp (θ) = 300

Logic:
Æ Whenever data about the other trace is not
HT
known, then there is a small deviation that
is used in the procedure to draw traces.
10
Æ Join (v, HT) & locate h. Since α is not
h v y
known & also VT is not known, we use
the deviation of drawing the TL line a
making angle θ from h. TV
Æ The TV is rotated about HT to bring it to
same level as HT and projected onto TL
line which is at angle θ from h. b2
Æ The locus of B is found & then the
projections are obtained using the standard
rules of rotation of FV or TV. Now, all the details regarding the TV, HT, β & v
Æ have been obtained.
Steps: Consider the upper part now. We need h, FV,
i) Draw x-y line & draw 2 lines ║to xy at VT or FV angle α to complete the projections.
20 mm & 60 mm below xy to represent
the locus of a & b. But no data related to the trace VT is given.
ii) At any point, draw dp lines 75 mm apart
which are ┴ to x-y . Since only TL angle θ is given, we draw it from h
even though only FV should pass through h.
dp = 75
This is the first deviation in this problem.
x y
20

60

Locus of A
Locus of B

3
E GRAPHICS: PROJECTION OF LINES S.RAMANATHAN ASST PROF MVSREC
(PROBLEMS ON TRACES)-Model 2 Ph: 9989717732 rama_bhp@yahoo.com

(vii) Draw the TL line of some length at angle Locus of B from HP

θ passing through h. b’

TL lies on this line

HT
b
HT
θ v y
h
a
h v y
β TV
a
TV b2
Locus of B from VP

b2 b2’ b’

(viii) Now, a 2nd deviation is used in getting

the locus lines of end B in Front view. FV

The locus line of B lies on line through h but TV is a’ b 1’

on HT line, we use (h, HT) as base points for HT VT
drawing the arcs. b

This is explained as below: h v y

a
Φ
To get TL from TV, we know that TV has to be
TV
rotated about a to same as a level & projected onto TL
the TL line to get the locus of B.
b2 b1
Here, we rotate TV about HT instead of a.

With HT as centre & HT- b2 as radius, draw an Some of the last construction steps are not
arc to HT level till b & project onto TL line shown in detail as it is assumed that you know
through h to get b’. how to convert TV into TL by rotations of
arcs. Project v on FV to get VT.
Æ On b’, draw a line ║to xy to get the locus of B. The answer is as follows:
Æ Project b2 (TV) to get b2’ on locus line B above.
Æ Join h & b2’ and project from a on it to get a’. TL = 100 mm; Ф = 230; α = 340; β = 280; θ=300;
a’ b2’ is the FV. Rotate it to a’ level & get b1. a b1 VT=13 mm above HP.
is the true length & Φ is its angle with VP.

4
E GRAPHICS: PROJECTION
ENGG DRAWING: CONIC
OFSECTIONS
LINES S.RAMANATHAN
S.RAMANATHAN ASST PROF
ASST PROFDRKIST
MVSREC
(PROBLEMS ON TRACES)-Model 2 CONTPh:
ACT9989717732
NO: 9989717732 rama_bhp@yahoo.com

(Page 201- Problem 10.19 of text book)

3) A line AB inclined at 400 to the VP has
its ends 50 mm & 20 mm above the HP. The
length of its front view is 65 mm & its VT is 10
mm above the HP. Find the true length of AB,
its inclination with HP & its HT.
Above x-y, draw a line ║to x-y at 10 mm & the
point where it cuts the line through (h, FV),
mark VT. h, VT & FV are on the same line.
On VT, draw a ┴ on xy to get v.

Ans) Given data: a2’

Front view (FV) = 65 mm
Locus of end A above HP (a2’/ a’) = 50 mm
Locus of end B above HP (b’) = 20 mm
VT (above xy as it is above HP) = 10 mm 65 (FV)
Line angle to VP (TL with VP) (Φ) = 400

50
Logic: b’
Æ Whenever data about the other trace is not
known, then there is a small deviation that VT

20
is used in the procedure to draw traces.
10

Æ Join (h, VT) & locate v. Since β is not x v y

known & also HT is not known, we use h
the deviation of drawing the TL line
making angle Φ from v.
Æ The FV is rotated about VT to bring it to
same level as VT and projected onto (i) TL Since data on HT or β is not given, we take the
line which is at angle Φ from v. deviation of drawing TL at angle Φ from v
Æ The locus of B is found & then the itself. Actually, we know that TV at angle β
projections are obtained using the standard should pass through v or HT. But, here, we
rules of rotation of FV or TV. draw TL at Ф from v.
Steps: a2’
(i) Draw x-y line, draw 2 lines ║ to & above
xy to get locus of A & B at (50, 20).
(ii) Mark b’ anywhere on 20 mm line above
xy & draw the FV (b’ a2’) 65 mm. 65 (FV)
(iii) Mark h where FV cuts xy.
(iv) The angle made by FV with HP (α) is
found. b’

Locus of A from HP VT
a2’

65 (FV) y
x h v
Φ
α
50

b’
20

TL lies on this line

x h y
5
E GRAPHICS: PROJECTION OF LINES S.RAMANATHAN ASST PROF MVSREC
(PROBLEMS ON TRACES)-Model 2 Ph: 9989717732 rama_bhp@yahoo.com

(vi) Now, a 2nd deviation is used in getting To get TL b’-a’, rotate TV b-a2 about b to a level &
the locus lines of end B. project to locus line of A in HP to get a’.
a2’
The locus line of B lies on line through v but FV is
on VT line, we use (v, VT) as base points for FV
drawing the arcs
b’
This is explained as below:
VT a1’
To get TL from FV, we know that FV has to be
rotated about b’ to same as b’ level & projected
onto the TL line to get the locus of A.
v
h Φ = 400
Here, we rotate FV about VT instead of b’.

With VT as centre & VT- a2’ as radius, draw an

arc to VT level at a1’ & project onto TL line
through v to get b.
a2 a1
On b, draw a line ║to xy to get the locus of B. TV lies on this line
a2’

FV TL lies on this line

b’ a2’ a’

VT a1’ FV
TL
θ
b’
v Φ = 400 HT
h VT a1’

v
a1
h Φ
Locus of B from VP a
b
β
TV
(vii) Now to get the TV, project a2’ on
locus of B to get a2.
a2 a1
Join v-a2 and draw projector from b’ to get b
on v - b2. b-a2 is the TV. Join b’-a’ to get TL at angle θ with HP.
a-b2 represents the Top View TV at angle β. To get HT, project from h onto TV extended.