DESIGN OF GIRDERS

- Analyzed as T- Beam Section and will adopt the size of

exterior beams

beff= 2800mm

hf= 850mm

hf= 1000mm

bw= 650mm
DESIGN DATA
𝑘𝑁
Concrete Weight γc= 23.60 𝑚3

Concrete Compressive Strength fc’= 28 mPa

Reinforce Steel Ultimate Strength fy= 415 mPa

Diameter of Reinforcing Bars db= 32 mm

Diamater of Stirrups dv= 12 mm

Total Span Length L= 22.5 m

Effective Depth deff=1.772 m

FOR Mu;

 DEAD LOADS
𝑘𝑁
Self weight= [(2.8 x 0.85) + (0.65 x 1)] = 71.508 𝑚

1 𝑘𝑁
W sidewalk= {[2 x (0.20 + 0.25) x 1.15] x 23.60} = 6.107 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
W railing= (0.2 x 0.2 x 23.60) = 0.944 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
W post= (0.25 x 0.25 x 23.60) = 1.475 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
Total Dead Loads= 71.508 + 6.107 + 0.944 + 1.475 = 80.034 𝑚

 LIVE LOADS AND LANE LOAD

 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
Sidewalk Live Load= 4.07 x 1.15m = 4.681
𝑚 𝑚

𝑘𝑁
Lane Load = 9.3 𝑚

𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
Total Live Load = 4.681 + 9.3 = 13.981
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚

 LIVE LOAD MOMENTS

a) DUE TO TRUCK LOAD

35 kN 145 kN 145 kN
4.3m 6m

11.25m 11.25m

ƩMa= 0]

Rb (22.5) = 35(6.95) + 145(11.25) + 145(17.25)

Rb= 194.478 kN

Ra= 130.522 kN

𝑀𝐿𝐿−𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐶𝐾 = 194.478(11.25) – 145(6) = 1317.878 kN – m

b) MOMENT DUE TO THE DESIGN TANDEM

110 kN 110 kN

1.2

11.25m 11.25m

ƩMa= 0]

Rb(22.5) = 110(11.25) + 110(12.45)

Rb= 115.867 kN

Ra= 104.133 kN
𝑀𝐿𝐿−𝑇𝐴𝑁𝐷𝐸𝑀 = 115.867(11.25) – 110(1.2) = 1171.504 kN – m

c) MOMENT DUE TO LANE LOAD

(9.3)(22.50)2
𝑀𝐿𝐿−𝐿𝐴𝑁𝐸 = = 588. 516 kN – m
8

DESIGN

Mu = 1317.878 kN – m

*Assume a = hf = 850 mm

1317.878 𝑥 106
As = 850 = 2619.492 𝑚𝑚2
0.9 𝑥 415 𝑥 (1772− 2 )

Check a;

2619.492 𝑥 415
a = = 16.313 mm < hf=850 mm
0.85 𝑥 28 𝑥 2800

∴analyze as rectangular beam

*Assume a = 17 mm & ø = 0.90

1317.878 𝑥 106
As = 17 = 2000.825 𝑚𝑚2
0.9 𝑥 415 𝑥 (1772− )
2

Check a;

2000.825 𝑥 415
a = = 12.46 mm
0.85 𝑥 28 𝑥 2800

*Assume a = 12 mm & ø = 0.90

1317.878 𝑥 106
As = 12 = 1997.993 𝑚𝑚2
0.9 𝑥 415 𝑥 (1772− 2 )

Check a;

1997.993 𝑥 415
a = = 12.44 mm ~ 12 mm **OK
0.85 𝑥 28 𝑥 2800

* Check ø;
𝑐 𝑎 12 𝑚𝑚
= = = 0.00797 < 0.375 ∴ø = 0.90
𝑑𝑡 𝛽1𝑑𝑡 0.85 (1772)

*Check ρ against ρmin and ρmax

𝐴𝑠 1997.993
ρ = = (650)(1772)
= 0.001735
𝑏𝑑

28 0.003
ρmax = 0.85 (0.85) ( ) ( ) = 0.0209
415 0.007

√28 1.4
ρmin = ≥ = 0.00319 < 0.00337
4 (415) 415

∴use ρmin = 0.00337

As = ρminbd = 0.00337 (650) (1772) = 3881.566 𝑚𝑚2

*using D32 mm bars

3881.566
𝑛𝑏 = 𝜋 = 4.826 bars ~ 5 bars
𝑥 322
4

*Check clear spacing, Sc;

650−[ 2 (40+12)+4(32)]
Sc = = 104.5 mm >25mm
5−1

>32 mm ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 5 − 𝐷32𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠

*Check ∅𝑀𝑛;
𝜋
As = 5[ 𝑥 322 ] = 4021.239 𝑚𝑚2
4

4021.239 𝑥 415
a = = 107.874 mm
0.85 𝑥 28 𝑥 650

107.874
Mn = (4021.239) (415) (1772 - ) = 2867.128 kN – m
2

∅𝑀𝑛 = 0.90 (2867.128) = 2580.415 kN-m > Mu= 1317.878 ∴ 𝑂𝐾

DESIGN OF STIRRUPS

*Solve for Vu;

ƩFv = 0]

Vu = (wuL/2) – wud
Wu = 1.2(80.034) + 1.6(13.981) = 118.410 kN/m
118.410 𝑥 22.5
Vu = − (118.410 𝑥 1.772) = 1122.290 kN
2

*Solve for Vc;

1
Vc = 𝑥 √28 𝑥 650 𝑥 1772 = 1015.792 kN
6

*Solve for Vs;

1122.290
Vs = − 1015.792 = 231.197 kN
0.90

*NSCP Provisions;

2Vc = 1/3 √28 𝑥 650 𝑥 1772 = 2031.584 kN

if Vs < 2Vc

Smax = d/2 or 600 mm

Smax= 1772/2 = 886 mm or 600 mm ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 600𝑚𝑚

DESIGN DETAILS

beff = 2800 mm

hf= 850 mm

1000 mm

5-D32 mm bars

bw = 650 mm
DESIGN OF PIER CAP

194.478 kN 194.478 kN 194.478 kN

1000 mm

1000 mm

L = 3600 mm

DESIGN DATA:
𝑘𝑁
Concrete Weight γc= 23.60 𝑚3

Concrete Compressive Strength fc’= 28 mPa

Reinforce Steel Ultimate Strength fy= 415 mPa

Diameter of Reinforcing Bars db= 32 mm

Diamater of Stirrups dv= 12 mm

Concrete Cover Cc= 50 mm

Effective Depth deff= 972 mm

For Pdl;

Self weight = 3.6m x 1m x 1m x 23.60 = 84.96 kN

For Pll;

Reaction of girders, Rg= 194.478 kN x 3 = 583.434 kN

Pll = 583.434/2 = 291.717 kN

For Pu;

Pu = 1.2(84.96) + 1.6(291.717) = 568.699 kN

For Mu;
 (84.96+194.478)(3.6)
Mu = = 125.747 kN – m
8

*Assume a = 50 mm & ø = 0.90

125.747 𝑥 106
As = 50 = 355.514 𝑚𝑚2
0.9 𝑥 415 𝑥 (972− 2 )

Check a;

355.514 𝑥 415
a = = 6.199 mm
0.85 𝑥 28 𝑥 1000

*Assume a = 6 mm & ø = 0.90

125.747 𝑥 106
As = 6 = 347.443 𝑚𝑚2
0.9 𝑥 415 𝑥 (972− 2)

Check a;

347.443 𝑥 415
a = = 6.058 mm ~ 6mm **OK
0.85 𝑥 28 𝑥 1000

* Check ø;
𝑐 𝑎 6 𝑚𝑚
= = = 0.00726 < 0.375 ∴ø = 0.90
𝑑𝑡 𝛽1𝑑𝑡 0.85 (972)

*Check ρ against ρmin and ρmax

𝐴𝑠 347.443
ρ = = (1000)(972)
= 0.000357
𝑏𝑑

28 0.003
ρmax = 0.85 (0.85) ( ) ( ) = 0.0209
415 0.007

√28 1.4
ρmin = ≥ = 0.00319 < 0.00337
4 (415) 415

∴use ρmin = 0.00337

As = ρminbd = 0.00337 (1000) (972) = 3275.64 𝑚𝑚2

 *using D32 mm bars
3275.64
𝑛𝑏 = 𝜋 = 4.07 bars ~ 5 bars
𝑥 322
4

*Check clear spacing, Sc;

1000−[ 2 (50+12)+5(32)]
Sc = = 179 mm >25mm
5−1

>32 mm ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 5 − 𝐷32𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠

*Check ∅𝑀𝑛;
𝜋
As = 5[ 𝑥 322 ] = 4021.239 𝑚𝑚2
4

4021.239 𝑥 415
a = = 70.118 mm
0.85 𝑥 28 𝑥 1000

70.118
Mn = (4021.239) (415) (972 - ) = 1563.58 kN – m
2

∅𝑀𝑛 = 0.90 (1563.58) = 1407.222 kN-m > Mu= 125.747 kN - m ∴ 𝑂𝐾

DESIGN DETAILS

1000 mm

1000 mm

D12mm Stirrups

5-D32 mm bars
DESIGN OF COLUMN PIERS

194.478 kN 194.478 kN 194.478 kN

Pier Cap 1000 mm

700 mm ∅
6800 mm

Footing

DESIGN DATA:
𝑘𝑁
Concrete Weight γc= 23.60 𝑚3

Concrete Compressive Strength fc’= 28 mPa

Reinforce Steel Ultimate Strength fy= 415 mPa

Diameter of Reinforcing Bars db= 32 mm

Concrete Cover Cc= 75 mm

For Pdl;

Wpier = 𝜋/4 (0.72 )(6.8)(23.60)(2) = 123.530 kN

Wcap = (1)(3.6)(1)(23.60) = 84.96 kN

Pdl= 123.520 + 84.96 = 208.48 kN

For Pll;
 Reaction of girders, Rg= 194.478 x 1 x 3 = 583.434 kN

Pll= 583.434/2 = 291.717 kN

For Pu;

Pu= 1.2(208.48) + 1.6(291.717) = 716.923 kN

For e;

(194.478+84.96)(3.6)
Mu = = 125.747 kN-m
8

e = 125.747/ 716.923 = 0.175 ~ 175 mm

𝛿𝑛 = 700 − 75 − 75 − 12 − 12 − 32 = 494 𝑚𝑚
494
𝛿 = 700 = 0.706

e/h = 0.175 / 0.700 = 0.25

716.923 𝑥 1000
Kn= = 0.102
0.65 𝑥 28 𝑥 700 𝑥 700 𝑥 𝜋/4

716.923 𝑥 1000 𝑥 175

Rn= = 0.0068
0.65 𝑥 28 𝑥 700 𝑥 700 𝑥 700 𝑥 𝜋/4

**using Interaction Chart

𝜌𝑔 = 0.016

Ast= 0.016 x 𝜋/4 x 700 x 700 = 6157.522 𝑚𝑚2

6157.522
nb = 𝜋 = 7.367 bars ~ 8 bars
4
𝑥 32 𝑥 32

*Check clear spacing, Sc;

700−[ 2 (75+12)+8(32)]
Sc = = 38.57 mm >25mm
8−1

>32 mm ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 8 − 𝐷32𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠

*For pitch, s;

25 mm ≤ s ≤ 75mm

try s=40mm
 𝜋
𝑥 122 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 700
4
𝜌𝑠 = 𝜋 = 0.021
𝑥 550 2 𝑥 50
4

7002 28
𝜌𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.45 ( 2
− 1) ( ) = 0.019 < 𝜌𝑠
550 415

∴
𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐷12𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ @ 40𝑚𝑚

DESIGN DETAILS

D12 mm stirrups

8-D32 mm bars
700 mm ∅

Pitch, s = 40 mm