FORMULA SHEET CONIC SECTIONS

Distance Formula: 𝑑 = √(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 General Equation of a Circle:

𝑥 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
Midpoint Formula: 𝑀 ( 1 , ) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0
2 2
𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0
Standard Equations of a Circle: where 𝐴 and are equal
Center at (0,0) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 ; 𝑟 > 0
Center at (ℎ, 𝑘) (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 ; 𝑟 > 0 Equation of perpendicular bisector of a chord:
𝑦1 + 𝑦2 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑥1 + 𝑥2
𝑘− =− (ℎ − )
2 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2
Standard Equations of a Parabola:
Case 1: 𝑥 2 = 4𝑐𝑦 or (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 4𝑐(𝑦 − 𝑘) vertical axis
Case 2: 𝑥 2 = −4𝑐𝑦 or (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = −4𝑐(𝑦 − 𝑘) vertical axis
Case 3: 𝑦 2 = 4𝑐𝑥 or (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 4𝑐(𝑥 − ℎ) horizontal axis
2
Case 4: 𝑦 = −4𝑐𝑥 or (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = −4𝑐(𝑥 − ℎ) horizontal axis

General Equations of a Parabola:

𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0, vertical axis of symmetry
𝐵𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0, horizontal axis of symmetry

Standard Equations of an Ellipse:

Center at (0,0) Center at (ℎ, 𝑘)
2 2
Horizontal Ellipse: 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
+ =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
Vertical Ellipse: + =1 + =1
𝑏 2 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2
2
𝑏
In either case: 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 Semi-latus rectum:
𝑎

Standard Equations of a Hyperbola: Equations of the asymptotes:

Center at (0,0)
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑎 𝑎
Horizontal Hyperbola: 2 − 2 = 1 𝑦=± 𝑥 𝑦 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑏 𝑏
Vertical Hyperbola: − =1 𝑦=± 𝑥 𝑦 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑎 𝑎
Center at (ℎ, 𝑘)
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
Horizontal Hyperbola: − =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2
Vertical Hyperbola: − =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
In either case: 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

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