RANGE AND ENDURANCE

OBJECTIVE:

Determine the Range and Endurance of the design aircraft at max power and critical

power

Given:

WO = 2235 lbs = Gross Weight

Wf = Wfused = 588 lbs = Total Fuel Weight

Wl = WO - Wf = 1647 lbs

s = 143.28 ft 2

CD = 0.026 + 0.06127CL2 (Clean Airplane)

BHP = 175 hp

Ẇf = 93

ηp = ηpDES = 78% (Assumed)

Procedures:
 1. Calculate the best range and endurance and their corresponding airspeed at 100%

BSFC.

2. Calculate the best range and endurance and their corresponding airspeed at 75% BSFC

(BSFCCR).

Computation for BSFC

Ẇ f
BSFC = BHP

lbs
93
hr
BSFC =
175 hp

lb
BSFC = 0.5314hp ∙ hr

BSFCCR = 75%BSFC

lb
BSFCCR = (0.75) (𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟒 hp ∙ hr)

lb
BSFCCR = 0.3985
hp ∙ hr

For Best Range, R BEST

ηp C W
RBEST (miles) = 375 BSFC (C L ) ln Wo
D max 1
 C 1 πAe
Where: (C L ) = 2 √C
D max DO

From Polar Drag Equation

0.026 + 0.06127CL2 (Clean Airplane)

Where: CDo = 0.026

1
πAe = 0.060

C C 1 1
For (C L ) , (C L ) = √
2 (0.060)(0.026)
D max D max

C
( L) = 12.65
CD max

Therefore

ηp C W
R BEST(miles) = 375 BSFC (C L ) ln Wo
D max 1

0.78 2235 lbs

R BEST(miles) = 375 lb (12.65)ln(1647 lbs)
𝟎.𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟒
hp ∙ hr

R BEST = 2125.69 miles

For Flight Speed at Best Range, VRBEST

Wo 2 1
VRBEST = √( S
) (ρ) (C )
L
 Where: CL = √πAeCDo

1
CL = √(0.060) (0.026)

CL = 0.4333

2235 lbs 2 1
Therefore, VRBEST = √( )( slug) (𝟎.𝟒𝟑𝟑𝟑)
143.28 ft2 0.002377
ft3

ft 15
VRBEST = 174.04 s
x 22

VRBEST = 118.66mph

For Best Endurance, EBEST

3
ηp C 2 1 1
EBEST (Hours) = 778 ( L ) √ρs (√W1 − )
BSFC C D √Wo
max

Where: CL = √3πAeCDo

1
CL = √(3) ( ) (0.026)
0.060

CL = 1.1401

CD = 4CDO

CD = 4(0.026)
 CD = 0.104

3 3 3
C 2 C 2 (𝟏.𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟏)2
For ( CL ) , ( CL ) =[ 𝟎.𝟏𝟎𝟒
]
D D
max max

3
C 2
( CL ) = 11.70
D
max

3
ηp
C 2 1 1
Therefore. EBEST (Hours) = 778 ( L )
BSFC CD √ρs (√W1 − )
√Wo
max

0.78 slug 1
EBEST (Hours) = 778 lb (11.70) √(0.002377 ) (143.28 ft 2 ) ( −
𝟎.𝟓𝟑𝟏𝟒 ft3 √𝟏𝟔𝟒𝟕 lbs
hp ∙ hr

1
)
√2235 lbs

EBEST (Hours) = 27.19 hours

For Flight Speed at Best Endurance, VEBEST

Wo 2 1
VEBEST = √( s
) (ρ) (C )
L

2235 lbs 2 1
VEBEST = √( )( slug ) (𝟏.𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟏)
143.28 ft2 0.002377
ft3

ft 15
VEBEST = 107.29 s
x 22

VEBEST = 73.15 mph

For Best Range, R BEST

 ηp C W
RBEST (miles) = 375 BSFC (C L ) ln Wo
CR D max 1

0.78 2235 lbs

R BEST(miles) = 375 lb (11.70)ln( )
𝟎.𝟑𝟗𝟖𝟓 𝟏𝟔𝟒𝟕 lbs
hp ∙ hr

R BEST = 2621.74 miles

For Best Endurance, EBEST

3
ηpC 2 1 1
EBEST (Hours) = 778 ( L)
BSFCCR CD √ρs (√W − )
1 √Wo
max

0.78 slug 1
EBEST (Hours) =778 (11.70) √(0.002377 ) (143.28 ft2 ) ( −
𝟎.𝟑𝟗𝟖𝟓
lb
ft3 √𝟏𝟔𝟒𝟕lbs
hp ∙ hr

1
)
√2235 lbs

EBEST (Hours) = 36.26 hours

Conclusion: Solving for the calculation of this activity allows me to obtain the best range and

endurance of my aircraft precisely as followed.