THE EIGHT PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Stage 1
Infancy
Too much Too much

Virtue
Hope
 STAGE 2

Early Childhood

Too much
Too much

MALDAPTATION

Impulsive

VIRTUE

Will power or
Determination
 Too much
Too much

PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS

Initiative vs Guilt

Virtue

Purpose
 STAGE 4

School Age

Too much Too much

MALDAPTATION PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS MALIGNANCY

Virtuosity Industry vs Inferiority Inertia

VIRTUE

Competency
Too much Too much

PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS MALIGNANCY

Ego Identity vs Role Repudiation

Confusion

Virtue

Fidelity
 .

Too much
Too much

Virtue
Love
 STAGE 7
Middle Adulthood

Too much Too much

MALDAPTATION PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS MALIGNANCY

Over Extension Generativity vs Stagnation Rejectivity

VIRTUE
Care
 Too much
Too much

MALDAPTATION
Presumption
By Erik Erikson

Stage 1: Infancy

Crisis: Trust vs Mistrust

Maladaptation: Sensory Maladjustment

→ overly trusting, gullible, would not believe anyone will harm them

Malignancy: Withdrawal

→ characterized by depression, paranoia, and possibly psychosis

Virtue: Hope

→ strong belief that even when things are not going well, they will work out well in the end

Stage 2: Early Childhood

Crisis:Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Maladaptation: Impulsive

→ a sort of shameless willfulness that leads you to jump into things without proper consideration of your abilities

Malignancy: Compulsive

→ feels as if their entire being rides on everything they do and everything must be done perfectly

Virtue: Will power or Determination

→ “Can do” is their motto.

Stage 3: Early Childhood

Crisis: Initiative vs Guilt

Initiative → means positive response to the world’s challenges, taking on responsibilities, learning new skills, feeling purposeful

The capacity of moral judgment.

Maladaptation: Ruthlessness

→ to be heartless of unfeeling, “without mercy”; if extreme, “sociopathy”

Malignancy: Inhibition

→ will not try things because “nothing ventured, nothing lost”, nothing to feel guilty about

Virtue: Purpose

→ even better word or virtue is courage

Stage 4: School Age

Crisis: Industry vs Inferiority

Maladaptation: Virtuosity

→ not allowed to be children and pushed to competence without allowing development of broad interest; kids without a life

Malignancy: Inertia
→ inferiority complexes

Virtue: Competency

Stage 5: Adolescence

Crisis: Ego Identity vs Role Confusion

Ego identity → means knowing who you are and how you fit into the rest of the society

rite of passage → certain accomplishments and rituals that help distinguish the adult from the child

Role Confusion → uncertainty about one’s place in society and the world

psychosocial moratorium → “take time out”

Maladaptation: Fanaticism

→ believes his way is the only way

Malignancy: Repudiation

→ to repudiate is to reject

Virtue: Fidelity

→ means loyalty, the ability to live by societies standards despite their imperfections and incompleteness and inconsistencies

Stage 6: Young Adulthood

Crisis: Intimacy vs Isolation

Intimacy → is the ability to be close to others, no longer fear “losing” oneself; “fear of commitment” is a sign of immaturity

Maladaptation: Promiscuity

→ referring particularly to the tendency to become intimate too freely, too easily, and without any depth to our intimacy

Malignancy: Exclusion

→ refers to the tendency to isolate oneself from love, friendship, and community, to develop certain hatefulness in compensation for one’s
loneliness

Virtue: Love

→ means being able to put aside differences and antagonisms through “mutuality of devotion”

Stage 7: Middle Adulthood

→ Stage of Midlife Crisis

Crisis: Generativity vs Stagnation

Generativity → extension of love to the future; Intimacy; satisfies that old “need to be needed”

Stagnation → self-absorption, caring for no one; stops being productive member of society

Maladaptation: Over Extension

→ no longer allow time to for themselves, for rest and relaxation, no longer contributes well

Malignancy: Rejectivity

Virtue: Care
Stage 8: Late Adulthood

Crisis: Ego Integrity vs Despair

Ego integrity → coming to terms with life, end of life; are able to look back without fear of death

Maladaptation: Presumption

→ person “presumes” ego integrity without facing difficulties of old age

Malignancy: Disdain

→ contempt of life, one’s own or anyone’s

Virtue: Wisdom