Most Confused Questions July-2019

Question 81: Incorrect
What is the purpose of a root cause analysis?
To find defects in a product or process
To identify problem resolutions for difficult issues
To identify the individual(s) responsible for the failure
(Incorrect)
To find the ultimate precipitating event that caused the failure
(Correct)
Explanation
Root cause analysis identifies the precipitating event that caused the failure. Frequently
organizations focus on the point of failure to address their corrective activities. The point of
failure is simply a symptom of the real problem that started much further upstream. The
point of the root cause analysis is not to fix the symptom, but to find the cause and eliminate
it.
Who owns the resolution of any given risk on the project?
The team
(Incorrect)
The sponsor
The PM
It depends on the specific risk response being utilized ‫اس پر منحصر ہے کہ مخصوص خطرے کا‬
‫جواب استعمال کیا جا رہا ہے‬
(Correct)
Explanation
Once again, three of the answers are somewhat correct depending on the situation
however, the bestanswer is it really depends on the specific risk response as to who owns
the risk.
Contingency plans are implemented when used with which of the following?
Opportunities
Workarounds

Risk triggers
(Correct)
Threats
(Incorrect)
Explanation
Contingency plans are implemented with predetermined risk triggers.
Question 90: Correct

Your program manager calls you into his office to inform you that your project must
be completed 30 days earlier than originally scheduled. You then call for a team
meeting to discuss ways to decrease the project duration. Which one of the following
choices provide the least risk to the project if implemented by the project team while
decreasing project duration? .
Fast tracking the project
Crashing the project
(Correct)
Resource smoothing the project
Adding buffers to the critical chain
Explanation
Crashing is a schedule compression technique that involved adding resources to the
activities and increasing costs.
Your team has just completed quantitative risk analysis. What is the best thing to do
next?

qualtitive risk analysis
Plan risk responses
(Incorrect)
Control risks
Update various project documents
(Correct)
Explanation
Project document updates is an expected outcome of finishing quantitative analysis.
While conducting a periodic risk reassessment with the team, the PM decides to use
a source of information that contains forecasting data. Which one of the following
has the team most likely used?
Risk plan
Work performance data
Work performance reports
(Incorrect)
Risk Register
(Correct)
Explanation
risk register
The team has just began a round of quantitative analysis for an IT project. For this
analysis to be successful, what must have happened before this?
The PM plan must have been finalized
(Incorrect)
All risks must have been identified and analyzed qualitatively
The team should have a prioritized list of risks
(Correct)
The team must have identified contingency funds
Explanation
Answer: C. A prioritized list of risks is necessary for quantitative analysis. A is incorrect as
the schedule and cost baselines might be updated, and then finalized by quantitative
analysis. B is incorrect as all risks cannot be identified by any single point in the project. D is
related to plan risk responses
After analyzing the risks and developing the risk response plan, which technique
helps you see if the overall project risks have decreased?
EMV
Latin Hypercube
(Correct)

Tornado Analysis
EVM
(Incorrect)
Explanation
Explanation: Monte Carlo and Latin Hypercube techniques let you know if the overall project
risk has been reduced or not after developing the risk response strategies.
Which of the following statement is true?
Risk and stakeholder influence are high during the initiating
(Correct)
Risk is low and stakeholder influence is high during the initiating
Risk is high and stakeholder influence is low during the initiating
(Incorrect)
Risk and stakeholder influence are low during the initiating
Explanation
Risk and stakeholder influence are high during the initiating and comes down as the time
progresses
A project manager is using an S-Curve to reflect the various expenditures of
resources over the projected time of the project. This S-Curve indicates that:
The bulk of the project cost is spent during execution
(Correct)

The project follows linear expenditure over all the phases
The project resource cost would be directly proportional to the size of the project
The project has high risk of attrition during execution
(Incorrect)
Explanation
The S-Curve is used in project management as a means of representing the various
expenditures of resources over the projected time of the project or as a means of charting
the real-time expenditure of resources. This is important to project management in that it
can be used to monitor the project as it progresses and compare it to the projected S-Curve
to determine whether the project is being completed within the time and budget limitations.
The shape of the curve indicates the maximum cost and staffing levels are during the
execution of the project.
what is not a true statment about perform quantitive risk analysis process?
Risk Response Plan
predict likely project outcome based on combined effects of the risk
assesses the discrete probability of occurence and impact on objectives if a risk event does
occur
(Correct)
identifies risks with greatest effect on overall project risk
(Incorrect)
Explanation
assesses the discrete probability of occurence and impact on objectives if a risk event does
occur is true for qualtitive risk process
The project team has just delivered the most updated tornado diagram for your
review. It shows that the project is very sensitive to abrupt weather changes this late
in the year. What should you do with this information?
Determine the probability and impact of these weather changes and update the risk register.
(Incorrect)
Determine an appropriate risk response in case the weather changes.
(Correct)
Update the work performance reports and send to upper management.
Update the watch list
Explanation
Tornado diagrams are used in quantitative risk analysis, which is followed by plan risk
responses. Choice A refers to qualitative analysis and Choice C is related to Monitor and
Control Project Work. D is what happens to low priority risks after risk identification, which
should have happened long before now.
As a risk SME, your judgment is often sought by project sponsors. Recently, a
company requested your opinion about a potentially new building project in africia.
Based on the volatile weather conditions there you advised against taking the
project. What type of risk strategy have you recommended?
Transference
Avoidance
(Correct)
Mitigation
Acceptance
(Incorrect)
Explanation
Risk avoidance is the elimination of hazards, activities and exposures that can negatively
affect an organization
Risk urgency should not be considered on which of the following?
Risk EMV
(Correct)
The time required to respond
(Incorrect)
Warning signs
The ability to detect the risk
Explanation
the expected monetary value of the risk is not a factor in risk urgency assessment. The
other choices are considered.
While determining which vendors might be selected for project work you decide they
must be licensed, bonded and insured. Which of the following describes your reason
for doing this?

You decided to transfer the impact of any substandard work to the vendor.
(Correct)
You decided to proactively reduce the chance of poor work by the vendor.
(Incorrect)
You decided to share the work opportunity with only the most qualified vendors.
You have decided to avoid poor workmanship altogether.
Explanation
You are transferring the impact of any vendor associated work back to the vendor.

Which one is a root cause analysis tool?
Ishikawa-diagram
(Correct)
Monte Carlo Simulation
Bar Chart
Pareto Diagram
Explanation
Explanation: Ishikawa-diagram diagram is also known as a Fishbone diagram, root cause
analysis diagram.Reference: The PMBOK Guide 5th Edition, Page: 236
A project health check identified a risk that your project would not be completed on
time. As a result, you are quantifying the project's risk exposure and determining
what cost and schedule contingency reserves might be needed. You performed a
schedule risk analysis using Monte Carlo analysis. The basis for your schedule risk
analysis is the..........
WBS
Gantt chart
Schedule network diagram and duration estimates
(Correct)
Probability/impact risk rating matrix
(Incorrect)
Explanation
Schedule network diagram and duration estimatesWhen determining the likelihood of
meeting the project's schedule end date through Monte Carlo, the schedule network
diagram and duration estimate are used as inputs to the simulation program. Cost of risk,
on the other hand, uses cost estimates from the WBS.
The simplest form of quantitative risk analysis and modeling techniques
is…………......
Probability analysis
(Incorrect)

Sensitivity analysis
(Correct)
Delphi technique
Utility theory
Explanation
Sensitivity analysis, as a quantitative risk analysis and modeling technique, helps to
determine the risks that have the most potential impact on the project. It examines the
extent to which the uncertainty of each project element affects the objective being examined
when all other uncertain elements are held at their baseline values.
The primary advantage of using decision-tree analysis in project risk management is
that it…………………...
Considers the attitude of the decision maker toward risk
Forces consideration of the probability of each outcome
(Correct)
Helps to identify and postulate risk scenarios for the project
Shows how risks can occur in combination
(Incorrect)
Explanation
Forces consideration of the probability of each outcome,As a graphical way to bring
together information, decision-tree analysis quantifies the likelihood of failure and places a
value on each decision. Usually applied to cost and time considerations, this form of risk
analysis may be linked to a sensitivity analysis.
Which of the following statements is true concerning risks?
All opportunities are risks and all threats are negative
(Correct)
All threats are risks and all opportunities result in a positive outcome
All threats and opportunities become issues
All risks must be dealt with
(Incorrect)
Explanation
All opportunities are in fact risks and all threats are considered negative. This is a true
statement. B is incorrect because all opportunities do not happen. C is incorrect because all
risks do not happen to become issues, and D is not true. Some risks are just accepted.
Which of the following would be detailed within the risk management plan?
EMV of top 10 risks
Risk action owners
High-level risks captured from the project charter.
(Incorrect)

The agenda for the risk status meetings
(Correct)
Explanation
The agenda for the risk meetings may be published within the risk plan. The other choices
should be captured in the risk register.
There are many types of project documents created during the project lifecycle. Many
of them contain information concerning project related risks. Which of the following
would most likely NOT be one of them?
Resource Breakdown Structure
(Correct)
Source selection criteria
Project charter
Risk register
(Incorrect)
Explanation
The Resource Breakdown Structure displays the necessary activity resources by category
and type. It does not display risk information. Choice B can contain risk assigned to the
seller. Choice C can contain high level risks, and Choice D is a primary risk document.
Your project team has just finalized a risk meeting where they determined the
urgency of the identified risks. What should the team do in the next risk meeting?
Plan appropriate responses
(Incorrect)

Conduct risk identification
Prepare for quantitative analysis
(Correct)
Conduct qualitative analysis
Explanation
Risk urgency is determined in qualitative analysis, which is followed by quantitative
analysis.
.
Which need is on the lowest level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
Security
Physiological
(Correct)
Self Esteem
Self Actualization
(Incorrect)
Explanation
Explanation: Physiological needs are the lowest on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. One must
fulfill his physiological needs before going for higher needs.
As a project manager for a large IT project, you have sought many vendor solutions
for your project but they all seem expensive. You delay purchasing equipment for as
long as you can until you have no time left. At this point, you purchase equipment
from the cheapest vendor. Which strategy have you used?
You have exploited an opportunity.
You have enhanced an opportunity.
You have accepted an opportunity.
(Correct)
You have transferred an opportunity.
Explanation
Even though you tried to proactively find a cheaper solution it never presented itself. When
you have no choice but to do whatever is necessary, that is acceptance.
Which of the following choices is a purpose characteristic of SWOT?
An analysis to examine which strengths offset threats, and which opportunities may
overcome weaknesses
(Correct)
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

An analysis to examine which strengths offset opportunities, and which threats may
overcome weaknesses
(Incorrect)
Strengths and weaknesses of organizational threats
Explanation
SWOT analysis purpose : An analysis to examine which strengths offset threats ‫جس کو‬
‫خطرے سے بچانے کی طاقت ہوتی ہے‬, and which opportunities may overcome weaknesses

Your project team identifies a risk on your IT project and suggests that the Project
Management Plan is not changed to deal with that risk. What type of Risk Response
Strategy is being recommended in this scenario?
Risk Passive Acceptance
(Correct)
Risk Avoidance
Risk Active Acceptance
Risk Transfer
Explanation
Explanation: Risk Passive Acceptance requires no action except to document the strategy,
leaving the project team to deal with the risks as they occur. Risk Active Acceptance
establishes contingency reserves. Risk Avoidance requires updating the Project
Management Plan. Risk Transfer transfers risks to other persons or
organizations.Reference: PMBOK® Guide 5th Edition, page 345
uestion 60: Correct

In your project, you have just conducted a risk data quality assessment to evaluate
the degree to which the data about risks is useful for risk management. What is your
next step?
Perform a structured review of project plans and assumptions, both at the total project and
detailed scope levels.
Develop checklists to identify risks based on historical information and knowledge that has
been accumulated from previous similar projects.
Conduct planning meetings to develop the risk management plan.
Conduct interviews to quantify the probability and impact of risks on project activities.
(Correct)
Explanation
Justification: Risk data quality assessment is a tool for Perform Qualitative Risk
Analysis.Option 4: This is the correct answer. It refers to "Interviewing" which is a tool and
technique for Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis. Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis is
conducted after Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis.
Your project sponsor has asked you to present your project's highlevel risk register
to him in the next project update meeting. To create your high-level risk register,
which of the following processesmust be performed?
Plan Risk Management
Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
(Incorrect)

Identify Risks
(Correct)
Control Risks
Explanation
A high-level risk register contains the identified risks only. The riskregister is created during
the Identify Risks process. [PMBOK 5th edition,Page 327] [Project Risk Management]
Which of these statements about risk in a project is correct?
Risks are always negative in nature and are threats that need to be managed well
A risk is always induced external to the project.
(Incorrect)
Risk responses reflect an organization's perceived balance between risk taking and risk
avoidance
(Correct)
Risks need not be planned for in all projects
Explanation
Risk responses reflect an organization's perceived balance between risk taking and risk
avoidance. ‫خطرے سے متعلق ردعمل خطرے سے بچنے اور خطرے سے نجات کے درمیان تنظیم کا سمجھا توازن‬
‫ظاہر کرتا ہے‬. The other choices are incorrect. Risks need not be induced only external to the
project. For example, adopting a fast track schedule may be a conscious choice and result
in some risks. However, the reward to be gained may balance those risks. Risks need not
always be negative in nature. They may be positive as well. All projects need to plan for
risks. [PMBOK 5th edition, Pages 310, 311] [Project Risk Management
What is the expected monetary value (EMV)?
The potential cost/benefit of a risk, positive or negative
(Correct)
What the project ROI will be
The amount of the risk contingency budget
(Incorrect)
The cost baseline minus the risk contingency
Explanation
The expected monetary value (EMV) outlines the potential cost of a negative risk or the
potential benefit of a positive risk.

Your project has implemented several risk response strategies along the way. While
the risk response strategies have generally worked, the project manager wants to
explicitly evaluate the success of those risk response strategies. The tool that would
best help the project manager make this determination is:
Risk analysis
Trend Analysis
(Incorrect)

Quantitative analysis
Variance analysis
(Correct)
Explanation
The tool that is used to explicitly evaluate ‫ واضح طور پر جائزہ لیں‬the success of risk response
strategies is called a variance analysis. PMBOK® Guide, 5th edition, p.352

You are the project manager for a new software development project. A previously
unidentified risk is discovered when the project is nearing completion. You realize
that this risk may adversely impact the project`s overall ability to deliver. As a project
manager, what step do you take FIRST?
Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
Inform the project sponsor and the stakeholders about the potential impact of the risk on the
project
(Correct)
Mitigate the risk to reduce its impact
(Incorrect)
Explanation
Justification: Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis is the process of priortizing risks for further
analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact.
The key benefit of this process is that it enables project managers to reduce the level of
uncertainty and to focus on high-priority risks.Reference: PMBOK® Guide - Fifth Edition,
page 328

Your project team has just completed a round of interviews and are now preparing
probability distributions based on stakeholder information. These tools could also be
considered which of the following?
Quantitative risk analysis and modeling techniques
Data gathering and representation techniques
(Correct)
Group decision making techniques
Information gathering techniques
Explanation
Interviews and probability distributions are tools that fall within the larger technique known
as data gathering and representation techniques.

After calculating the PIM scores for all identified risks you prepare the project team
for quantitative analysis. Which of the following tools did you most likely use during
this round of analysis?
Interviewing
Decision trees
(Incorrect)

Risk urgency assessment
(Correct)
Assumptions analysis
Explanation
firstly please determine which process you are in, which is qualitative analysis. Then you
had to determine which of the choices is used there. Only choice C is a tool used in this
process.

Which of the following choices is the correct process flow as it relates to risk
variances?
WPD is compared to the project plan in control risks and then the risk variance is moved to
monitor and control risks.
(Correct)
WPI is compared to the project plan in control risks and then the risk variance is moved to
WPR is compared to the project plan in control risks and then the risk variance is moved to
(Incorrect)
WPD is compared to the project plan in monitor and control risks and then the risk variance
is moved to control risks.
Explanation
Answer: A. Work performance data is compared to the plan, and the variance is called work
performance information, or WPI. WPI is then compiled into a work performance report in
the process of monitor and control project work

While performing a risk reassessment during a monthly project meeting, a new risk is
discovered. Which of the following is the best course of action?
Document the risk, conduct analysis and if necessary, determine a response
(Correct)
Document the risk, conduct analysis, and determine a response
(Incorrect)
Conduct analysis, document the results, and if necessary, determine a response
Conduct analysis, document the results, and determine a response
Explanation
Answer: A. When a new risk is identified, you must document the risk in the register. Then,
conduct the appropriate risk analysis, and if the risk exceeds your predetermined
thresholds, you must plan a response
While determining which team members are most qualified to perform mandatory
project work, you decide that the risk is too great for any of them. Which of the
following should you do?
Transfer the work to qualified vendor
(Correct)

Avoid the work altogether
Mitigate the threat by assigning more resources
(Incorrect)
Crash the work with all team members
Explanation
Answer: A. If the work is mandatory, and you have no qualified resources, the best solution
is to transfer the risk to a third party.

A key stakeholder calls the PM while he is working at his desk, and has a question.
The latest performance report has a tornado diagram on it but he does not know how
to interpret it. Which of the following is the best response to the stakeholder?
It is a bar chart that compares the risk between unstable, and stables variables
(Correct)
It is a bar chart, and when ranked from greatest to least, it shows where the project team
should focus their efforts
(Incorrect)
It is a bar chart that graphically displays data
It is a type of bar chart that can show percentages of schedule work complete
Explanation
A tornado diagram is a bar chart, and it compares unstable project variables against other
more stable elements.
In which process do you create the plan to manage risks?
(Incorrect)
Control Risks
Plan Risk Responses
(Correct)
Identify Risks
Explanation
Explanation: In the Plan Risk Responses process you create the plan to manage the
identified risks.Reference: The PMBOK Guide 5th Edition, Page: 342

Techniques used to assess multiple alternatives that will be used to generate,
classify and prioritize product requirements is called------
Group decision making techniques
(Correct)
Group creativity technique
(Incorrect)

Meetings
Expert judgment
Explanation
Group decision making techniques used to assess multiple alternatives that will be used to
generate, classify and prioritize product requirements

Which of the following option is in the correct order from lowest to highest point as
per Maslow hierarchy of needs?
Physiological, safety, Social, esteem, Self-actualization ‫ خود کی‬،‫ عزت‬،‫ سماجی‬،‫ حفاظت‬،‫جسمانی‬
‫حقیقت‬
(Correct)
Self-actualization, esteem, social, safety, Physiological
Physiological, safety, esteem, Social, Self-actualization
(Incorrect)
Physiological, Social, esteem, safety, Self-actualization
Explanation
Physiological, safety, Social, esteem, Self-actualization is the correct order
In which process will you define what probability and impact mean for qualitative risk
analysis conducted during your project?
Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis


(Incorrect)
(Correct)
Control Risks
Explanation
Risk definitions are confirmed by stakeholders during Plan Risk Management.

While collecting requirements from stakeholders you attempt to determine what
needs they have for the project. Which of the following situations would result in an
increase in project risk during execution?
Not using a prototype for this project
Enforcing rigid scope control
Scope creep during execution
(Incorrect)
The discovery of a scope gap in execution.
(Correct)
Explanation
The discovery of a scope gap would be the riskiest of the choices. A scope gap is when
there is a legitimate requirement that was missed while defining the scope.

Which of the following will any risk variances likely be used for?
Risk variances will be used to reduce risk.
The risk variances will be compiled into WPD and used to support future decisions.
The risk variances will be compiled into WPI and used to support future decisions.
(Correct)
The risk variances will be compiled into PERT and used to support future decisions.
Explanation
Any variance discovered in a controlling process is compiled into work performance
information, and used to support decision-making to realign the performance with the plan.
uestion 131: Correct

maria is the project manager of the SQL project for her company. She has completed
the risk response planning with her project team and is now ready to update the risk
register to reflect the risk response. Which of the following statements best
describes the level of detail maria should include with the risk responses she has
created?
The level of detail is set by historical information.
The level of detail should correspond with the priority ranking.
(Correct)

The level of detail must define exactly the risk response for each identified risk.
The level of detail is set of project risk governance.
Explanation
The level of detail should correspond with the priority ranking.
A general contingency is used for………………...
Risks that are identified at the outset of the project
(Incorrect)
Risks that are not identified at the outset of the project but are known before they occur
Risks that cannot be known before they occur because they are external risks
Any risks that cannot be known before they occur
(Correct)
Explanation
Any risks that cannot be known before they occur,There is a category of risks that is
sometimes called unknown-unknowns and this risks must be expected and a general
contingency can be set aside to address the impact they leave in their wake.

You are working with your project team and several key stakeholders to create a
diagram that shows causal factors for an effect to be solved.What diagramming
technique are you using as a part of the risk identification process?

Cause and effect diagrams
(Correct)
System or process flow charts
Predecessor and successor diagramming
Influence diagrams
(Incorrect)
Explanation
Cause and effect diagram used to find the causes of the defects

Which one of the following is an expected consequence from the process of control
risks.
Work performance data will be generated
(Incorrect)
Change requests will be approved or rejected
(Correct)
Risk activity costs will be estimated

Risk activity durations will be determined
Explanation
One of the outputs from the Control Risks process is change requests, which must be sent
to the Perform Integrated Change Control process for evaluation and may be accepted or
rejected

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Question 81: Incorrect

What is the purpose of a root cause analysis?

To find defects in a product or process

To identify problem resolutions for difficult issues

To identify the individual(s) responsible for the failure

To find the ultimate precipitating event that caused the failure

Question 90: Correct

Fast tracking the project

Crashing the project

Resource smoothing the project

Adding buffers to the critical chain

Plan risk responses

Update various project documents

Work performance data

Work performance reports

The PM plan must have been finalized

All risks must have been identified and analyzed qualitatively

The team should have a prioritized list of risks

The team must have identified contingency funds

Risk and stakeholder influence are high during the initiating

Risk is low and stakeholder influence is high during the initiating

Risk is high and stakeholder influence is low during the initiating

Risk and stakeholder influence are low during the initiating

The bulk of the project cost is spent during execution

The project follows linear expenditure over all the phases

The project has high risk of attrition during execution

Risk Response Plan

predict likely project outcome based on combined effects of the risk

identifies risks with greatest effect on overall project risk

Determine an appropriate risk response in case the weather changes.

Update the work performance reports and send to upper management.

Update the watch list

The time required to respond

The ability to detect the risk

You have decided to avoid poor workmanship altogether.

Question 165: Correct

Monte Carlo Simulation

Schedule network diagram and duration estimates

Probability/impact risk rating matrix

Considers the attitude of the decision maker toward risk

Forces consideration of the probability of each outcome

Helps to identify and postulate risk scenarios for the project

Shows how risks can occur in combination

All opportunities are risks and all threats are negative

All threats and opportunities become issues

All risks must be dealt with

EMV of top 10 risks

Risk action owners

High-level risks captured from the project charter.

Resource Breakdown Structure

Source selection criteria

Plan appropriate responses

Conduct risk identification

Prepare for quantitative analysis

Conduct qualitative analysis

You have exploited an opportunity.

You have enhanced an opportunity.

You have accepted an opportunity.

You have transferred an opportunity.

Which of the following choices is a purpose characteristic of SWOT?

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

Strengths and weaknesses of organizational threats

Question 22: Correct

Risk Passive Acceptance