7/21/2009

Cells have many different functions and come

in many shapes and sizes.

• But all cells have some parts in common:

Cell Structures & Functions
– All cells are surrounded by a cell
membrane.
Cells
C ll ffunction
i similarly
i il l iin allll li
living
i
organisms. – Cells have organelles, which are
structures inside the cell that have
Characteristics distinguish plant cells
specific jobs.
from animal cells, including
chloroplasts and cell walls.

Here is a diagram of a typical animal cell and To make cell parts visible under a
its parts. microscope, you can apply a stain to the
cells.

• Methylene blue is a
stain often used to
look at animal cells.

Cell membrane Nucleus

• The cell membrane is a • The nucleus is covered with a membrane

thin layer that that allows materials to pass in and out.
separates the inside of • It’s often called the “control center” of the
the cell from its cell because it contains DNA
DNA.
outside environment. • The nucleolus acts as
• It keeps the cytoplasm a storage area for
inside while letting materials.
waste products out. Can you identify the nucleus
too?

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Mitochondria are called the

A vacuole is the storage area of the cell.
“powerhouses” of cells.
• Vacuoles store water, food, and waste.
• Mitochondria produce
much of the energy a
cell needs to carry
out its functions.
f

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a Ribosomes are the protein factories of

series of tunnels throughout the the cell.
cytoplasm. • When ribosomes make proteins, they
release them into the ER.
• They transport
proteins from one part
of the cell to another.

Golgi bodies receive proteins and other Lysosomes contain enzymes that can
compounds from the ER. break things down.
• Lysosomes pick up
• They package these
bacteria, food, and old
materials and distribute
organelles and break
them to other parts of
them into small pieces
the cell.
that can be reused.

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The cytoskeleton is a series of fibers What organelles does this plant cell have
made from proteins. in common with the animal cell?

• It provides structure
to the cell and gives
it its shape.
shape

How are plant cells different from Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal
animal cells? cells do not.
• The cell wall is made of a carbohydrate
• Plant cells have called cellulose.
chloroplasts, but animal
• Cell walls provide structure and support for
cells do not.
the plant
plant.
• A chloroplast is an
organelle that contains a
green pigment called
chlorophyll.

When a plant needs water it wilts

Plant cells have a large central vacuole
because the central vacuoles in its cells
that stores cell sap.
are empty.
• They no longer push against the cell walls
to keep the plant upright.
• Watering
Wate i g the plant
pla t restores
e t e water
ate in
i the
central vacuoles.