D.3.

Water Treatment
System
 SCREENING
Water Treatment
It is the process of
removing pollutants or
contaminants from raw
water to produce safe
water for human use.
*The method used for the
treatment is related to the
contaminants in a given water
supply.
Water Treatment Operational Methods
1. Physical Unit Operation Method
- change is brought about by application of
physical forces.
2. Chemical and Biological Unit Operation Method
- change is introduced by means of chemical and
biological reactions.
A. Physical Method
B. Chemical and Biological Method
Typical Water Treatment Methods
1. Screening
2. Aeration
3. Mixing
4. Flocculation
5. Sedimentation
6. Combine Flocculation and Sedimentation
7. Filtration
8. Disinfection
*The method employed is also based on the end-product requirements, as
compared to the raw water quality.
 Screens are usually at the inlet or intake of
A. Screening the system (at the beginning of the process)
Coarse Screen = 20 - 50mm apart
Micro Screen = 23 to 65 Microns apart
B. Aeration
GOALS OF AERATION
1. Addition of oxygen to oxidize dissolved iron and manganese
2. Removal of Carbon Dioxide
3. Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide to eliminate odor and taste
4. Removal of volatile oils
MEANS OF AERATION
1. Gravity Aerator (cascading waterfall)
2. Spray or Fountain Aerator
3. Mechanical Aerator
4. Injection Diffuser Aerator
C. Mixing
D.1. Flocculation
D.2. Coagulation
E. Sedimentation
F. Filtration
Filters for Filtration
G. Disinfection
Typical Water Treatment System
Design of Water Treatment Facility
1. Determine suitable treatment system for water supply.
2. Establish flow diagram of treatment system.
3. Identify suitable design criteria and dimensions of treatment
components.
4. Prepare facility lay-out.
5. Compute hydraulic profile for peak and average flow rates.
A. To ensure that the Hydraulic Gradient (HGL) is adequate for flow
through the treatment facility.
B. To establish head for pumps if required.
C. To ensure that facilities will not be flooded or backed up during
period of peak flow.
6. Prepare solid balance (for facility maintenance and for sludge processing
facility).
7. Prepare construction drawings and specifications.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_ZcCqqpS2o&t=3s
References
1. Water-resources engineering by Franzini, J.B.,
et. al. (1979).
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