1.

Basic Concepts In Geometry

Practice set: 1.2

Q1. The following table shows point on a number line and their co-ordinates. Decide whether the
pair of segment given bellow the table are congurent or not.
Point A B C D E
Co-ordinates - 3 5 2 - 7 9
A. seg DE & seg AB
Solution:1
= D=-7, E=9
= E-D
= 9 - ( -7 )
= 16
Solution:2
= A=-3, B=5
= B -A
= 5 - ( -3 )
= 8
= seg DE & seg AB is not congurent.
B. Seg BC & seg AD
Solution:1
= B=5, C=2
= B-C
= 5-2
= 7
Solution:2
= A=-3, D=-7
= A-D
= -3 - ( -7 )
= -3 + 7
= 4
= seg BC & AD is not congurent.
C. Seg BE & seg AD
Solution:1
= B=5, E=9
= B - E. = 5 - 9. =4
Solution:2
= A=-3, D=-7
= A-D
= -3 - ( -7 ). = -3 + 7. = 4
= Seg BE & seg AD is congurent.
Q2. Point M is midpoint of seg AB. If AB = 8 than find the length of AM.
Solution:1
= point M is midpoint of seg AB.
= AM = ½ × AB
= ½×8
= AM = 4

Q3. Point P is midpoint of seg CD. If CP = 2.5, find l(CD).

Solution:1
= CP = 2.5, l ( CD )
= CP = ½ × CD
= 2.5 × 2 = CD
= CD = 5

Q4. If AB = 5 cm, BP = 2 cm & AP = 3.4 cm.

= seg AB > seg AP. = 5 cm > 3.4 cm
= seg AP > seg BP. = 3.4 cm > 2 cm.
= seg AB > seg BP. = 5 cm > 2 cm.
= seg AB > seg AP > seg BP = 5 cm > 3.4 > 2.

Q5. Write the answer to the following questions refers to figure. 1.13
A. Write the name of the opposite ray of ray RP
Solution: ray RS & ray RT.
B. Write the intersection set of ray PQ & ray RP.
Solution: ray PQ
C. Write the union set of ray PQ & ray QR.
Solution: ray QR.
D. State the ray of which set QR is a subsets.
Solution: ray QR & ray PQ etc.
E. Write the pair of opposite ray with common end pair R.
Solution: ray PQ & ray RT etc.
F. Write any two ray with common end point S.
Solution: ray SR & ray ST etc.
G. Write the intersection of set of ray SP & ray ST.
Solution: point S.

Q6.Answer the questions with the help of figure 1.14 .

A. State the point which are equidistance from point B.

Solution:1 point A & point C.
Solution:2 point O & point P.
B. Write a pair of point equadistance from point Q.
Solution:1 point L & point U.
Solution:2 point P & point R.
C. Find d ( U, V ).
Solution:
= U=-5, V=5.
= 5 > -5
= l ( U, V ).
= 5-(-5)
= l ( U, V ).
= 10.
D. Find d ( P, C ).
Solution:
= P = -2, C = 4.
= 4 > -2.
= l ( P, C ).
= C - P.
= 4 - ( -2 ).
= l ( P, C ) =6
E. Find d ( V, B ).
Solution:
= V = 5, B = 2.
= l ( V, B ) = V - B.
= l ( V, B ).
= 5 - 2.
= l ( V, B ) =2
F. Find d ( U, L )
Solution:
= U = -5, L = -3.
= l ( U, L ) = L - U
= -3 - ( -5 ).
= l ( U, L ) = +2

Practice set-1.3

Q1- Write the following statements "if-then" form.

1- The opposite angles of parallelogram are congruent.
Ans) If a quadrilateral is parallelogram than opposite angles of that quadrilateral are
congruent.
2- The diagonal of a rectangle are congruent.
Ans) If quadrilateral is a rectangle than diagonal are congruent.
3- In an isosceles triangle the segment joining the vertex and the mid point of the
base is perpendicular to the base.
Ans) If a triangle is an isosceles than segment joining vertex of a triangle and
midpoint of the base is perpendicular to the best.
Q2- Write convers of the following statements.
1- The alternative angles formed by two parallel lines and their transversal and
congruent.
Ans) If alternative angle made by two line and its transversal are congruent than the
lines are parallel.
2- If the pair of the interior angles made by a transversal of two line are
supplementary then the lines are parallel.
Ans) If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal the interior angles so formal
are supplementary.
3- The diagonals of rectangle are congruent.
Ans) If the diagonals of a quadrilateral are congruent then that quadrilateral is
rectangle.
PROBLEM SET .1
Q.1: Select the correct alternative from the answer of the questions given below.

(1) How many mid points does a segment have?

(ANS:) Only one.
(2) How many points are there in the intersection of two distinct lines?
(ANS: ) One.
(3) How many lines are determined by three distinct points?
(ANS:) One or Three
(4) Find d(A,B),if co-ordinates of A and Bare -2 and 5 respectively.
(ANS:) 7
(5) If P-Q-R and d(P,Q)=2,d(P,R)=10,then find d(Q,R).
(ANS:) 8
------------------------------------------------------------------------
q.2: On a number line, co-ordinates of P, Q, R are 3,-5 and 6 respectively .State which
reason whether the following statement are true or false.

(1) d(P,Q)+d(Q,R)=d(P,R)
(ANS:) False
(2) d(P,R)+d(R,Q)=d(P,Q)
(ANS:) False
(2) d(R,P)+d(P,Q)=d(R,Q)
(ANS:) True
(4) d(P,Q)-d(P,R)=d(Q,R)
(ANS:) False
------------------------------------------------------------------------

=22
(ANS:)=22
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(7)80,-85
(Solve) =80-(-85)
= 80+85
=165
(ANS:)165

------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.PARALLEL LINE
Practice set : 2.1
3. In figure 2.7, line L || line m and line n || line p. Find <a , <b ,<c from the given
measure of an angle.

(1). <a

M<ABC +m<ABK =180°(angles in linear pair)

.`. 45° + m <ABK = 180°
.`. M < ABK = 180°- 45
.`. m <ABK = 135°
M<ABK =~ M<BDC (pairs of corresponding angles)
.`. M<BDC = <A
.`. <a = 135°

(2). <b

M<BDC =~ M <EDF (vertically opposite angles)

.`.m<EDF = < B
.`. <B = 135°
(3). <C
m <BDC =~ m <DHG (pair of alternate angle)
m < BDC =135°
.`. m <DHG =<C = 135°
(ANS). <a = 135°
<b = 135°
<c = 135°

4. In figure 2.8 , side of <PQR and <XYZ are parallel to each other. Prove that,
<PQR ~= <XYZ.

(Proof):-
Let ray X,Y intersect ray Q,R at M, such that X,Y,M and Q,M,R
ray Y,Z || ray Q,P (given) and
line X,Y is the transversal.
.`.<X,Y,Z =~ <YMR .........(corresponding angle)..... (¡)
Ray Y,X || ray P,Q
(given I-e ray M,X || ray P,Q and line Q,R is the transversal.)
.`. ray Y,M,R =~ <P,Q,M (corresponding angles)
.`.<P,Q,M =~ <X,Y,Z .......(form 1& 2)
<P,Q,R =~ <X,Y,Z. (Q,M,R)

5. In figure 2.9 , line AB || line CD and line PQ is transversal. Measure of one of the
angles is given . find the measure of the following angles.
(1). <ART

m<BRT= 105°
m<BRT + M
<ART=180°(angles in linear pair)
105°+m<ART=180°
.`.m<ART = 180°-105°
.`. M <ART = 75°

(2). <CTQ

m<ART=~m<CTQ (corresponding angles)

m<ART=75°
.`.m <CTQ=75°

(3). DTQ

m <BRT =~ m <DTA (corresponding angles pair)

M<BRT = 150°
.`. M<DTQ=105°

(4). <PRB

m < PRB + m< BRT = 180°(angles in linear pair)

m<PRB+105°=180°
.`. m<PRB=180°-105°
.`. m<PRB=75°

(ANS). <ART=75°
<CTQ=75°
<DTQ=105°
<PRB=75°

3.TRIANGLES
Exerices3.1
3.The measures of angales of a trangal
are X (X_20),(X_40).
find the measure of each angale
sol:X+(X_20)+(X_40)=180
(sum of measures of a triangle)
X+X_20+X_40_180
3X=180°+60°3X°=240°
X°=80°/1
X=80°
(X-20)=80°-20
=60°
(X-40)=80°-40°
=40°
ans :-each angle will be 80°60°and 40°

4)the measure one of the angle of a tringle is tuice

the measure of its smallest angle and the measure of
the other is thrice the measure of the smallest angle
find the measure of three angle .
Sol:-let the measure of mallest angle be X°
The measure of other two angle
Will be 2X°and3X°
Lsum of measure of angle of triangle
X°=30
2X°=2×30=60°
3X°=3X30=90
The measure of all the three angle are 30'60'90

m EMN +m EMR=180°
(Angles in linear pair)
Z+140°=180°
Z=180°-140°
Z=40°
m TEN+m
NEM=180°(ANGLES IN
LINEAR PAIR)
100+Y=180°
Y=180°-100°
Y=80°X=60
Ans:-X=60°
Y=80°Z=40°
Practice set 3.2
Q:in each of the example given below. A pair of tringles is shown. Equal part of
triangles in each pair are marked with the same signs. Observe the figures and stat the
test by which the triangle in each pair are congruent.
1)

Ans) By sss test

∆ ABC Congurent ∆ PQR
2)

Ans) By SAS test

∆ xyz congurent ∆ LMN
3)

Ans) By ASA test

∆ PQR congurent ∆ STU
4)

Ans) By hypotenuse test

∆ LMN congruent ∆ PTR
Q2) Observe the information
shown in pairs of triangles
given below. State the test by
which the tow triangles are
congruent. Write the training
congruent pairs of triangles.
1)

Ans) From the information

shown in the figure in ∆ ABC
and ∆ PQR
< ABC congurent < PQR
Set BC congurent seg QR
< ACB congurent < PQR
.'. ∆ ABC congurent ∆ PQR.... A S A
test
.'. ∆ ABC congurent ∆ QPR... Corresponding angles of traingles.
Seg AB congurent set PQ corresponding slides
And seg AC congurent seg PR of congurent triangles

2) From the information

shown in the figur
In ∆ PTQ and ∆STR
Seg PT congurent seg ST
< PTQ congurent < STR ...vertically opposite angles
Seg TQ congurent seg TR
.'. ∆PTQ congurent ∆STR... A S A test
.'. <TPQ congurent <TSR
And <TQP congurent <TRS
Seg PQ congurent seg s SR corresponding sides of congurent traingles.
3)from the information shown in the figure, state the fast assuring the congurent of ∆
ABC and ∆ PQR.Write the remaining congurent parts of the triangles.

Ans) Hypotenuse side test

Seg A congurent seg QR
∆ ABC congurent ∆ QRP

4) as shown in the following figure, in ∆ LMN and

∆PNM, LM= PN, LN=PM. Write the test which assures
the congurent of the two traingles. Write their remaining
congurent parts.

Ans) s s s test
∆ N congurent ∆ M
∆L congurent ∆ p
∆LMN congurent ∆PNM
∆MLN congurent ∆NPM
∆NMN congurent ∆NMP

5)in figure3.24, seg AB congurent seg CB and seg AD congurent seg CD. Prove that
∆ABD congurent ∆CBD

Ans) In ∆ ABD and ∆ CBD

seg BA congurent seg BC ) ... Given
seg AD congurent seg CD )
seg BD congurent seg BD... (Common side )
.'. ∆ ABD congurent ∆ CBD.... (sss test of congurent)

6) In figure 3.25 ∆P congurent ∆R

Seg PQ congurent seg RQ
Prove that,
∆PQT conguret ∆ RQS

Ans) In ∆RQT congurent and ∆PQS

<PQT congurent ∆RQS... ( common side)
Seg PQ congurent seg RQ... (Given)
<QPT congurent <QRS....(given)
.'. ∆PQT congurent