UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST – CALOOCAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Electronics Engineering Department

EXPERIMENT # 5: SUBSCRIBER
SIGNALING

NAME: CULABRES, JERICK C.

SUBJECT AND SECTION: NEC 512 – 1EC
DATE OF SUBMISSION: AUGUST 05, 2019
PROFESSOR: ENGR. EDELITO A. HANDIG
INTRODUCTION

In telephony, signaling is the exchange of information between involved points in

the network that sets up, controls, and terminates each telephone call. In in-band
signaling, the signaling is on the same channel as the telephone call. In out-of-band
signaling, signaling is on separate channels dedicated for the purpose. In
telecommunication, signaling is the use of signals for controlling communications. This
may constitute an information exchange concerning the establishment and control of a
telecommunication circuit and the management of the network in contrast to manual setup
of circuit by users or administrators, for example the sending of a signal from the
transmitting end of a telecommunication circuit to inform a user at the receiving end that
a message is to be sent. The vast majority of the customers telecommunication networks
are subscribers who are attached to their exchanges by analog subscriber lines. The
signaling between subscriber and local exchange is known as subscriber signal. The
original, and still predominant, application of subscriber signaling is plain old telephone
phone service calling. However, subscriber signaling today also supports supplementary
services such as call waiting, call forwarding and caller identification. Phone signaling is
the system of actions and procedures that take place during the dialogue between the
telephone plant and telephone medium to assure, maintain and free the required
connections by the calling. A phone call is, for example, a speech established between
two subscribers but also a fixed connection between a personal computer and a data
base existing in another town or another country. In any telecommunication systems
signaling is a distinct, essential and omnipresent process. Related to the original
telephone plant call because it guides the whole signaling procedure its phone medium
consists of its own subscribers and of the other telephone plants with which it has direct
speech channels.
DISCUSSION

In the said experiment, we turned on the application. Then, on the host computer,
we have started the application. If the host computer is not available to download the CO
program to the reconfigurable training module, it may not be using the proper IP address.
First, we set up the following settings on the scope. We set the channel 1 mode to normal,
sensitivity to 5 volts per division, input coupling to DC, time base to 20 us per division and
display refresh continuous. Then, we lifted off the handset of telephone set A and replace
it on the cradle after a moment. While doing it, we observe the SLIC HSO output signal
on the oscilloscope screen and the DC loop current indicate in analog interface A. then,
on the same host computer, we increased the resistance of the telephone line connected
to analog line interface A by steps until the SLIC HSO output signal goes low. While doing
this, observe the DC loop current indicated in analog line interface A. Then, we replaced
a 600-ohm resistance to analog line interface A. Next, on the host computer, we connect
the scope probes 2 and 3 to TP13, respectively. Then, we change a bit the settings of the
scope. We set the channel 2 mode to normal, sensitivity to 5 volts per division, input
coupling to DC, channel 3 mode to normal, sensitivity to 5 volts per division, input coupling
to DC, trigger’s source to channel 2, level was on 2 volts, and slope is positive. Next, we
lifted off the handset of telephone set A and we observe the signals on the scope screen.
Then, we disconnect probes 1 to 3 analog line interface A. then, we connect probes 1 to
4. Then, channel 1’s sensitivity to 0.5 volts per division, input coupling to DC, channel 4’s
mode to normal, sensitivity to 0.5 volts per division, input coupling to DC. Time base to 1
ms per division, trigger’s source to channel 1 and level of 0 volts. Then, we lifted off the
handset of telephone A. observing the signals on the scope screen using different time
bases. Also, we lifted off the handset of telephone A and dialed one digit. While doing
this, we observed the signals on the scope screen. Then, we lifted off the handset of
telephone set A and slowly dial the number of telephone set B. while dialing the number,
we observe the signals on the scope screen using different time bases. On the scope, we
set the time base to 1 ms per division. We lifted off the handset of telephone set A and
dial the number of telephone set B. Letting the telephone set B ring a few times, then
someone answered the call. While doing this, we observe the signals on the scope screen
using different time bases. Next, we change the settings on the scope. Channel 1’s
sensitivity to 5 volts per division, input coupling to DC. Channel 2’s sensitivity to 50 volts
per division, input coupling to AC. Channel 3 and channel 4’s mode off, time base to 10
ms per division, trigger’s source to channel 2 and level to 10 volts. Then, we lifted off the
handset of the telephone set B and dial the number of telephone set A. let telephone set
A ring a few times, then replace the handset of telephone set B on the cradle. While doing
this, observe the signals on the scope screen. Then, we turn off the said application and
record the data.

CONCLUSION

In this exercise, you became familiar with subscriber signaling. You learned that
the signals involved in subscriber signaling convey either supervisory or addressing
information. We saw that the SLIC in the analog line interface performs telephone status
supervision by monitoring the DC loop current. We observed that the call progress tones
transmitted to a telephone set result from serial PCM codes that the central office send
to the line interface CODEC. We also observed that the DTMF dialing tones are digitized
and multiplexed in time by the line interface CODEC before they are sent to the signaling
circuit of the central office. We examined how a central office applies the AC ringing
voltage across the telephone line to make an analog telephone set ring. We saw how a
central office prevents the SLIC of an analog line interface from applying DC power to the
telephone line, thereby denying telephone service to a subscriber.

SUMMARY

Subscriber signaling takes place on the line between the subscribers and their
local switch. Most subscribers are connected to their local switch by analog subscriber
lines as opposed to a digital connection provided by an Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN). As a result, subscriber signaling has evolved less rapidly than network
signaling.

GLOSSARY

 Alternating Current – is an electric current which periodically reverses direction.

 Direct Current – is the unidirectional flow of an electric charge.
  Oscilloscope – is a type of electronic test instrument that graphically displays
varying signals voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals
as a function of time.
 Subscriber Signaling – refers to the signaling between the telephone and
telephone exchange.
 Telephone – converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into
electronic signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication
channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user.
 Telephony – is the field of technology involving the development, application, and
deployment of telecommunication services for the purpose of electronic
transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant parties.

REFERENCES

Subscriber signaling was retrieved from:

 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signaling
 https://books.google.com.ph > books Signaling in Telecommunication Networks
 https://ndl.ru/~hammet/netw/SS7_Protocol_Architecture_and_Services/sigtran-
training/ch01lev1sec2.html
