UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST – CALOOCAN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Electronics Engineering Department

EXPERIMENT # 4: TELEPHONE
RINGING

NAME: CULABRES, JERICK C.

SUBJECT AND SECTION: NEC 512 – 1EC
DATE OF SUBMISSION: JULY 22, 2019
PROFESSOR: ENGR. EDELITO A. HANDIG
INTRODUCTION

In landline telephones, bells or ringtone are rung by impressing a 60 to 105-volt

RMS 20-Hz sine wave across the tip and ring conductors of the subscriber line, in series
with -48 VDC loop supply. This signal is produced by a ringing generator at the central
office. When the switching system directs a call to a particular subscriber line, a relay on
the line card connects the ringing generator to the subscriber line. The exchange also
sends a ringing tone to the calling party. When the called party answers by taking the
telephone handset off the switchhook, the subscriber’s telephone draws direct current
from the central office battery. This current is sensed by the line card and the ringing relay
is de-energized. On multi-party lines, ringers would typically be connected from one side
of the two-wire line to ground; a “tip party” and “ring party” would have bells connected
from opposite sides of the line. On a two-party service, each user would not hear ringing
for calls to the other party. Some 20th-century independent telephone companies
deployed four-party. Lines which used differing frequencies for selective ringing of
individual parties (the four possible combinations were 20Hz or 30Hz from ring to ground).
If additional parties were added to the same line, distinctive ringing patterns would need
to be used to identify the called subscriber; these were audible to the multiple users on
the line. The hardware also has multiple legitimate applications. While a telephone
exchange includes a central source of ringing voltage at switchboard, a private branch
exchange or telephone-based intercom must provide a local source of AC ringing voltage.
Theatrical performances often deploy a ringing telephone on-stage as a stage prop. An
analog telephone adapter for voice over IP applications has to provide its own ringing
voltage generator and other line signaling services for standard telephone extensions.
Stand-alone ringing voltage generators are commercially manufactured; ring generators
are also pre-built for inclusion in other telecommunications equipment and various circuits
published by hobbyist to generate or detect ringing for analogue telephony.
DISCUSSION

At this experiment called “Telephone Ringing” has a lot to do with telephone

itself and its functions. First, on the host computer, we start the software Telephony
Training System Software. Then, the CO program configures the reconfigurable training
module so that it operates as a central office. On the AC ringing voltage and telephone
ringing, on the same host computer, we zoomed in on the analog line interface A, we
connect also the probe 1 to TP2, where the TP2 is located on the AC ringing voltage, and
we start the scope. For the scope settings, channel 1 has been set its mode to normal,
sensitivity to 50 volts per division, input coupling to alternating current, time base to 10
ms per division, source to channel 1 itself, level to 0 volts, slope to positive and display
refresh to manual. Next, we refresh the scope to show its display. Then, the waveform
we saw on the scope is a sine wave, resulting an RMS value of 86 volts and ringing
voltage frequency of 20 Hz. On the same host computer, we connect the scope probe 2
to TP3 where the voltage across the telephone line connected to analog line interface A.
next, we changed the scope’s settings., mode to normal, sensitivity to 50 volts per
division, input coupling to alternating current, time base to 5 ms per division and display
refresh to continuous. Then, we lifted off the handset of the telephone set connected to
analog line interfere B and dial the number of the telephone set connected to analog line
interfere A. This will make the telephone set connected to analog line interfere A ring. We
let it ring a dew times while observing the signal at TP1 on the scope screen and hang
up. We describe what happens when a telephone set rang, the ringing signal was present
during the ringing of the telephone. We repeat the previous step, but this time, we
answered the call while the telephone set is ringing, then hang up both telephone sets.
We describe what happens when you answer a telephone call, it is when the telephone
call was answered, the ringing signal was no longer present. We changed a little bit on
the scope’s settings, the channel-2 sensitivity was set to 20 volts per division, and display
refresh on continuous. The telephone set A stops ringing when the telephone line
resistance is increased to a certain value, because the voltage of the telephone that was
being called low voltage. Then, we measure the amplitude of the AC ringing voltage
displayed on the oscilloscope. This value is approximately equal to the ringing threshold
voltage of telephone set A, ringing threshold voltage w=is between 30.7 to 37.9 volts.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Therefore, I conclude that telephone ringing is a telecommunication signal that

causes a bell or other device to alert a telephone subscriber to an incoming telephone
call. Historically, this entailed sending a high-voltage alternating current over the
telephone line to a customer station which contained an electromagnetic bell. It is
therefore also commonly referred to as power ringing, to distinguish it from another signal,
audible ringing, or ringing tone, which is sent to the originating caller to indicate that the
destination telephone is in fact ringing.

SUMMARY

Telephone ringing has an in-band and out-band signaling where the in-band is a
type of signaling wherein the frequencies that are used for the signaling pulse fall within
the range of information. On the other hand, out-band signaling is a type of signaling
wherein the frequencies that are used for the signaling pulse fall outside the range of the
information. The in-channel signaling s a type of signaling wherein the same line is used
for signaling information and for the voice information and the out-channel signaling is a
type of signaling wherein there is a dedicated line for each of the signaling and voice
information.

GLOSSARY

 Alternating Current – is an electric current which periodically reverses direction.

 Direct Current – is the unidirectional flow of an electric charge.
 Oscilloscope – is a type of electronic test instrument that graphically displays
varying signals voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals
as a function of time.
 Telephone – converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into
electronic signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication
channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user.
  Telephony – is the field of technology involving the development, application, and
deployment of telecommunication services for the purpose of electronic
transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant parties.

REFERENCES

The words from glossary was retrieved from:

 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-tone_multi-frequency_signaling
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephony
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_analyzer
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscope