Page 174: Answers:

Use Vocabulary

1. Use the terms “testes” and “sperm” in a

sentence.
2. Distinguish between ovulation and
menstruation.
3. Cyclic changes in the Uterus and Ovaries of the
female.
reproductive system is called the _____ _____.

Understand Key Concepts

4. Which is a mixture of sperm, nutrients, and

fluids?
A. oocyte C. penis
B. ovum D. semen
5. Explain why the scrotum is outside of the body.
6. Compare the structure of an egg to the
structure of the sperm.

Interpret Graphics

7. Summarize copy and fill the table below to list

the parts and functions of
the male reproductive system.
8. Identify the phase of menstrual cycle shown
below. Explain your choice.

Critical Thinking

9. Relate the structures of female reproductive

system to their functions.
10. Assess the role of hormones in the function of
the reproductive system.
Page 189 :

Use Vocabulary
Distinguish between the vocabulary words in each pair.

1. Sperm and egg

2. Ovulation and menstruation
3. Uterus and ovary

Determine if each statement is true or false.

4. The umbilical cord attaches the developing

offspring to the uterus.
5. Puberty occurs during childhood.
6. A human zygote contains 23 chromosomes.

Link Vocabulary and Key Concepts

Copy this concept map, and then use vocabulary terms
from the previous page to complete the concept map.

Ma Stage
le of
7 develo 11
re
pr pment
od before
uct birth 12
8
ive
se
yst
Sperm duct 13
em

Reproduction
and
Development
9 14

Structu
Fe res
uterus formed 15
ma
le by
rep outer
rod zygote
uct cells
10
ive
sys
te
m
Page 200

Use Vocabulary

1. List the parts of the central nervous system

2. Distinguish between a neuron and a synapse
3. Use the terms autonomic and somatic in a
sentence

Understand Key Concepts

4. Which causes an organism to react?

A. CNS C. stimulus
B. PNS D. synapse
5. Compare the functions of the three parts of the
brain
6. Explain how a spinal cord injury may prevent
movement

Interpret Graphics

7. Summarize Copy and fill in the graphic organizer

below to summarize how the nervous system
receives, process, and responds to a stimulus

Critical Thinking

8. Describe Look at the synapse shown below.

Describe the path of signal from one neuron to
another.

Math Skills

9. The longest axon in a whale can be 18.2 m long.

If it takes 0.26 s for a signal to travel the length
of this axon, how fast is the nerve impulse
traveling in m/s?
Page 217

Use Vocabulary

1. Define the phrase Endocrine System.

2. Distinguish between negative feedback and
positive feedback
3. Describe the functions of a hormone using your
own words

Under Key Concepts

4. Hormones travel to other parts of the body

using the _______ system
A. circulatory C. nervous
B. digestive D. skeletal
5. Explain the relationship between the nervous
system and endocrine system
6. Relate negative feedbacks systems to
maintaining homeostasis

Interpret Graphics

7. Describe the function of the endocrine glands

shown below
8. Explain Copy the graphic organizer below. Fill in
the information about the role of the oxytocin
in the positive feedback system childbirth

Critical Thinking

9. Predict what might happen if negative feedback

did not function correctly in one of the
endocrine glands
10. Explain why doctors often check the activity of
the thyroid glands of a person who is feeling
tired and sluggish frequently
Page 243

Use Vocabulary

1. Distinguish between transcription and

translation
2. Use terms DNA and nucleotide in a sentence
3. A change in the sequence of nitrogen bases in a
gene is called a (n)

Understand Key Concept

4. Where does the process of the transcription

occur?
A. Cytoplasm C. cell nucleus
B. ribosomes D. outside the cell

5. Illustrate make a drawing that illustrates the

process of translation
6. Distinguish between the sides of the DNA double
helix and the teeth of the DNA double helix

Interpret Graphics

7. Identify the products of what process are shown

the figure below
8. Sequence Draw a graphic organizer like the one
below about important steps in making a
protein, beginning with DNA and ending with
protein

Critical Thinking

9. Hypothesize What could happen if a cell was

unable to make mRNA?
10. Assess What is the importance of DNA
replication occurring without any mistakes?
Page 324

Use Vocabulary

1. A measurement of how strongly particles

attract one another at the surface of a liquid is
_____
2. Define solid, liquid, and gas in your own words
3. A measurement of a liquid’s resistance to flow
is known as _____

Understand Key Concepts

4. Which state of matter is rarely found on Earth?

A. gas C. plasma
B. liquid D. solid
5. Compare particle movement in solids, liquids,
and gasses
6. Compare the forces between particles in a
liquid and in a gas

Interpret Graphics

7. Explain why the particles at the surface in the

image below have surface tension while the
particles below the surface do not
8. Summarize copy and fill in the graphic organizer
to compare two types of solids

Critical Thinking

9. Hypothesize how you could change the viscosity

of a cold liquid, and explain why your idea
would work
10. Summarize the relationship between the
motion of particles and attractive forces
between particles
Page 331

Use Vocabulary

1. List the basic ideas of the kinetic molecular

theory
2. _____ is force applied per unit are

Understand Key Concepts

3. Which is held constant when a gas obeys

Boyle’s law?
A. motion C. temperature
B. pressure D. volume
4. Describe how the kinetic molecular theory
explains the behavior of a gas
5. Contrast Charles’ Law with Boyle’s Law
6. Explain how temperature, pressure, and volume
are related in Boyle’s Law

Interpret Graphics

7. Explain what happens to the particles on the

right when more weights are added
8. Identify copy and fill in the graphic below to list
three factors that affect gas behavior

Critical Thinking

9. Describe what would happen to the pressure of

a gas if the volume of the gas doubles while at a
constant temperature

Math Skills

10. Calculate the pressure on 400mL of a gas is

raised from 20.5 kPa to 80.5 kPa. What is the
final volume of gas?
Page 344

Use Vocabulary

1. Distinguish between nucleotides and amino

acid
2. Use the term monosaccharides in a sentence
3. Define macromolecule in your own words

Understand Key Concepts

4. Which is a lipid?
A. cellulose
B. cholesterol
C. DNA
D. starch
5. Distinguish between proteins and nucleic acids
6. Draw a picture that illustrates how water
dissolves NaCl

Interpret Graphics

7. Summarize Copy and fill in the graphic organizer

below to show how the human body is
organized
8. Describe the differences in the structures of the
macromolecules shown below

Critical Thinking

9. Hypothesize how the body would function if

cells were not organized into tissues
10. Relate the four macromolecules to their
functions in a cell
Page 351

Use Vocabulary

1. Write a complete sentence correctly using the

term biological molecule
2. Define lipid on your own words

Understand Key Concepts

3. Explain What are the four types of biological

molecules?
4. Describe the function of two carbon
compounds in living organism
5. Which monomer makes up nucleic acid
A. amino acids C. glucose
B. carbohydrates D. nucleotide

Interpret Graphics

6. Determine the molecule below belongs to

which group of biological molecules?
H
|
H2N – C – C – OH
| ||
H O
7. Organize Information copy and fill in the table
below with details about each biological
molecule from this lesson.

Molecule Details

Critical Thinking

8. Explain why a meal containing boiled chickens is

more healthful than a meal containing fried
chicken
9. Evaluate many weight loss diets stress
eliminating carbohydrates and fats from the
diet. Explain why eliminating these foods
completely from diet over long periods
Page 353

Use Vocabulary

1. A chemical compound that contains carbon and

at least one carbon-hydrogen bond is a_______
2. A _______ contains the maximum number of
hydrogen atoms possible
3. Compound that have the same chemical
formula, but different structural arrangements
are called_______
4. A molecule made up of many organic molecules
covalently bonded together forming a long
chain is called a ________
5. A biological molecule made of amino acids is
called an_______
6. RNA and DNA are two different types of
________
7. A group of polymers that includes sugars,
starches, and cellulose is called a _________

Organic molecules in living organisms

10 12

11 13

9 14

glucose Fat and oil