Table 1.

1 Preliminary observations on the dissolution process

Reagents/Actions Taken Observations
 Solid crystals
 Charcoal-like
KMnO4 crystals
 irregular sizes
 small granules
 Soluble
KMnO4 crystals + 50 mL water
 violet
 Evenly distributed
Mixture after swirling  purple then pink
 dissolved immediately

Compounds Description
 colorless
 possess undesirable smell
Petroleum ether  bubbly
 liquid
 slightly viscous
 colorless
Acetic acid  Sour smell
 liquid
 solid
 white
 no smell
 small chunks
 not glossy (matte)
Benzoic acid
 Takes time to dissolve through thorough
agitation
 Settles at the bottom
 Flaky in solution
 Colorless when dissolved
 Solid
 No smell
 Powdery
 White
 Small lumps
Sodium benzoate  Colorless
 Not glossy
 Settles at the bottom when agitated it floats
 Undissolved
 Flakes
 Sediment (many0
Cyclohexanol NO AVAILABLE CHEMICAL
Dextrose  Dirty white
  Big lumps
 Sandy
 Soluble
 Colorless
 Sediment (few)
 Does not float during agitation
 Powdery (fine)
 No smell
Cellulose (cotton fiber)  Not very white
 Easily soluble
 Colorless
Table 1.2 Description of organic compounds

Table 1.3 Solubilities at room temperature

In petroleum ether In water

Sample Mixture Description Solution Mixture Description Solution

(+/-) (+/-)

 Colorless  Colorless
 Bubbly
Acetic acid
during + +
agitation
 Colorless  Doesn’t
 Miscible settle at the
 Takes time bottom on
to dissolve the first
through application
Benzoic acid thorough +  Floated on -
agitation the surface
when
agitated
 Settled at
the bottom
 Colorless  Settled at
 Has the bottom
sediments quickly after
in flaky combining it
Sodium benzoate
structure - with water +
 Dissolved
without
agitation
Cyclohexanol EKIS EKIS EKIS EKIS
 Colorless  colorless
 soluble  didn’t
Dextrose +/- dissolve +
immediately
  dissolved
through
agitation
 settled at
the bottom
 Colorless  Floats only
easily  Became
soluble slightly
viscous
Cellulose (cotton through
fiber) + agitation +/-
 Transluscent
 Didn’t
dissolve
completely
(+) Soluble; (-) Insoluble; (+/-) Slightly insoluble

Table 1.4 Effect of pH on solubility

In water In 10% HCl In 10% NaOH In 10% NaHCO3
Sample
Description +/- Description +/- Description +/- Description +/-
 Immiscible  Immiscible
 May  Formed
nahulog sa small
bottom pag circles
Nag float as 1 big
mix na nag Dissolved  Stays on
Aniline- drop pero if ig mix
brownish
scatter pero - immediately in + nagbuburublag an - surface -
diri nag mix water  No
drop
with water sediments
 BROWN
when
agitated
Nag bubbles (side  Immiscible
note from Filbert: Di  Formed
ko to gets anong small
ginawa niyo Annelyn bubbles
and Kya hahaha) on the
surface
 Formed
Same la with
Toluene- Bubbly but gugti an suface
clear +/- water adto igbaw +/- bubbles ha ubos +/- layer and -
nag bubbles
has a
bubble
layer
when
agitated
 Colorless

Nag settle anay ha Floats on surface

Naphthalene
bottom tas pag mix - Waray nag settle - Na float an particle - after agitation +/-
 umigbaw tas nabalik
pag ubos Nagfloat la then
nag settle balik
na naman

 Soluble
 Light
Diethylamine- Nag fog
Nagmix dayon with Nag change to brown
color yellow-
water + + ORANGE + color +
orange Nag release
vapour  Easily
dissolved
May na float mayda  Floats
liwat nag settle ha only adter
bottom, after agitation
agitation nag settle Nagsettle kadam  Formed
Nag settle la ha
Benzoic acid lahat sa bottom - an ha bottom, - bottom - bubbles +/-
may nag float  Slightly
dissolved
after
agitation
 Dissolved  Waray
 Nag mix  Colorless
immediately pag
immediately  Miscible
 nag change
Phenol
yellowish + kulay +  Walang nag +  No +
change surface
 Clear
color layer
 miscible
(+) Soluble; (-) Insoluble; (+/-) Slightly insoluble

Table 1.5 Salting-out and its effect on solubility

1-butanol –water solution treated with sodium chloride
10 drops 1-butanol + 4 mL H20
Freshly shaken After Standing

Surface layer different from water  The boundary between the  No sediments
which is visible two layers disappeared
 No visible boundary and
After agitation:  NaCl Dissolved no separate layers
Bubbled surface layer
 Colorless

Table 1.6 Effect of temperature on solubility: benzoic acid + water

Action Observations
Freshly shaken Insoluble; sediment
Hot mixture Floats then dissolved
Cooled after heating Colorless,, no sediments
After several minutes:whitish crystal-like matter formed on the surface and
bottom