Activity 01

Calculations

1. The end product in a certain contact a. CO2

process is 96% H2SO4 and 4% SO3. b. H2O
This means that the product is c. SO2
a. 96% oleum d. NO2
b. 100% oleum 10. The use of excess combustion air in the
c. 4% oleum combustion of the fuel results to…
d. none of the above a. Condensation of water from fuel
2. It is the hydrogen in the fuel that uses gas
O2 from the air for combustion b. Carburizing flame
a. total hydrogen c. Long flame
b. combined hydrogen d. Heat loss
c. net hydrogen 11. The presence of this in the dry gaseous
d. free hydrogen fuel does not contribute to its calorific
3. Octane number compares fuel value
performance with this a. Sulfur
a. C4H8 b. Oxygen
b. C6H14 c. Hydrogen
c. C10H22 d. Carbon
d. C8H18 12. The heat that causes a change in
4. It is a type of heat lost in the stack gas temperature of an object
due to the presence of CO and H2 free a. Latent heat
in the stack gas b. Sensible heat
a. Latent heat c. Heating value
b. Sensible heat d. Heat combustion
c. Heating value 13. A portion of the recycle stream is
d. Potential Heat removed from the system to avoid
5. The empirical relation which allows one accumulation of undesired material.
to compute for the net hydrogen in a a. Splitter
given solid fuel b. Remix
a. Dulong formula c. Bypass
b. Calderwood formula d. Purge
c. Heat balance 14. It is an operation
d. Antoines equation a. Total hydrogen
6. It is a coal that has only lost its moisture b. Combined hydrogen
a. Coked coal c. Net hydrogen
b. Uncoked coal d. Free hydrogen
c. Charcoal 15. It is the type of heat lost in the stack gas
d. Green coal due to the presence of CO2 and H2 free
7. It is the hydrogen in the fuel that uses in the stack gas.
O2 from air from combustion a. Heating value
a. total hydrogen b. Latent heat
b. combined hydrogen c. Potential heat
c. net hydrogen d. Sensible heat
d. free hydrogen 16. Which of the following constituent of
8. Shale oil has a potential to replace some coal is most important in production of
of the petroleum. It contains… coke?
a. Coke a. Ash
b. Tar b. Carbon
c. Bitumen c. Moisture
d. Kerogen d. Net hydrogen
9. If CO2 is not fully absorbed by the KOH 17. During combustion of gaseous fuels,
solution meant for its absorption in the deficiency of air….
Orsat apparatus…
 Activity 01
Calculations

a. Increases the flame c. Wet bulb temperature

temperature d. Dry bulb temperature
b. Lengthens the flame 24. In liquid extraction, the transfer of solute
c. Tends to shorten the flame between to immiscible liquid is possible
d. Does not affect the length of when their difference in
flame a. Solubility
18. Which is not true about theoretical b. Specific gravity
oxygen? c. Viscosity
a. It is based on the oxygen d. Mass
required to burn all the fuel to 25. It involves the reverse transfer where by
CO2, H2O or SO2 water vapor is transferred from the
b. It is based on the complete vapor state to the liquid state
combustion of all fuel fed to the a. Crystallization
reactor. b. Dehumidification
c. It is based on how much fuel was c. Absorption
burn in the reactor d. Humidification
d. None of the above 26. The term given to the two phase mixture
19. Solution which distill without change of mother liquor and crystals
composition are called a. Slurry
a. Azeotropic b. Magma
b. Saturated c. Bagasse
c. Supersaturated d. OATA
d. Ideal 27. Refers to the temperature at which
20. The ease of difficulty of spreading vapor pressure is equal to the partial
components by distillation is determined pressure of vapor
by a. Dew point
a. Relative vitality b. Dry bulb
b. Relative solubility c. Equilibrium temp
c. Vapor pressure d. Wet bulb
d. Viscosity 28. Defined as the kilogram of water
21. The rate of material is zero in case contained in kilogram of dry air
of a steady state system. a. Relative humidity
a. Production b. Humid volume
b. Accumulation c. Percent humidity
c. Reaction d. Humidity
d. Input 29. The ratio of the partial pressure of a
22. The basis of all mass balance vapor to the vapor pressure in
calculations equilibrium with the liquid is called
a. Law of mass action a. Relative saturation
b. Law of conservation of mass b. Relative humidity
c. Degree of completion c. Absolute saturation
d. T and P conditions d. Absolute saturation
23. Temperature taken from the vapor-gas 30. Process conditions are changing with
mixture using a thermometer with a wick time
which is wet with the liquid form of the a. Steady state
condensable gas where heat is b. Continuous
transferred from the mixture to the bulb c. Unsteady state
a. Dew point d. Batch
b. Atmospheric temperature
 Activity 01
Calculations

Linkage problem (31-32):

Coal containing 79% by weight carbon F and 16.2 psi, anhydrous ammonia was
and 6% by weight ash is burned in air. The bled into the center of the air stream at the
clinker from the furnace pit contains 90% rate of 0.251 lb./min. at a distance
ash and 10% carbon. downstream sufficient to ensure complete
mixing of the ammonia and air, the air was
31. How many pounds of clinker are analyzed for ammonia content. A small
produced per 100 pounds of coal? stream of the air was bubbled through 100
a. 6.67 mL of 0.0105 N Sulfuric acid in an efficient
b. 3.33 absorption ion device, and the rate of flow of
c. 9.63 the sampling extreme was measured after
d. 4.35 absorbing the ammonia by passing the air
0.06𝑥 100 through a drying tube and collecting the dry
𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑒𝑟 = 0.9 air over the mercury at 70 F and 1 atm
𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑒𝑟 = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝒍𝒃 pressure. The volume of air collected was
0.202 cu ft., and the amount of base
32. What is the % coal unburnt? (0.00995 N) required for the back titration of
a. O.47% coal basis the 100 mL of acid was 80.5 mL. Calculate
b. 0.25% coal basis the following:
c. 0.87% coal basis
d. 0.67% coal basis 34. The flow rate of air in the duct,
expressed as pounds of air per
0.1 x 6.6667 minute
% C lost = 79
x 100
a. 281 lb./min
% C lost = 0.8443 % b. 408 lb./min
c. 322 lb./min
33. A paper mill ships to a Texas d. 365 lb./min
distributer 12,208 lb. of paper. A
sample of carefully taken at the mill Solution: Q = CDAo√2gh
is found by analysis to contain Q = 0.61
4.28% moisture. A sample similarly
taken at the destination by the π ft 0.202 ft3 60 seconds
( 4 ) (2ft)2 √2 (32.174 s2 ) ( π )( )
distributer shows 7.88% moisture. (2ft)2 1 min
4
What should be the weight of the
Q = 233.8833 ft3/min
shipment as received by him? lb
1 atm (29 )
a. 12,700 lbs. ρ = lbmol
= 0.07498
ft3 −atm
b. 14,500 lbs. 0.7302
lbmol−°R
(70+459.67)
c. 15,200 lbs. lb/ft3
d. 17,450 lbs. mair = 0.07498 lb/ft3 (233.8833 ft3/min) =
12,208 lb. paper (1-9.0428) = 408.2266 lb/min
11,685.4976 35. The air velocity in feet per seconds.
a. 12 ft/s
1000 b. 19 ft/s
11,685.4976 ( ) c. 26 ft/s
1 − 0.0787
= 𝟏𝟐, 𝟔𝟖𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟏 d. 32 ft/s
1 min
Linkage problem (34-35) (408 lb/min) ( )
60 sec
uair = π lb = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟐𝟔𝟕𝟒 𝐟𝐭/
(2 ft)2 (0.07498 3 )
In order to calibrate an orifice, used for 4 ft

metering the flow of dry air in a 2-ft-ID at 70 𝐬

 Activity 01
Calculations

Linkage Problem:
Using the following diagram, the reaction is A -> 2B.
W mole/hr A 20% B
10 mole/ hr A
80% A
P mole/ hr B

40 mole/ hr A

36. What is the value of W? 38. What is the overall extent of

a. 10 mole/hr. reaction?
b. 20 mole/hr. a. 2
c. 30 mole/hr. b. 5
d. 50 mole/hr. c. 7
d. 10
W = 10 + 40 = 𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞/𝐡𝐫 39. What is the overall fraction
37. What is the value of P? conversion?
a. 2.5 mole/hr. a. 10%
b. 5 mole/hr. b. 20%
c. 7.5 mole/hr. c. 80%
d. 10 mole/hr. d. 100%
40
𝑃 = 50 − 40 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆/𝒉𝒓 % 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣 = 50
𝑥100 = 80 %

40. A calcium carbonate sludge is burned in a rotary kiln to regenerate lime in a

countercurrent operation. The flue gas is leaving the cold end of the kiln and the sludge
entering the same end have the following compositions:
Flue gas % by volume sludge % by weight
CO2 20.4 CaCO3 43.7
CO 0.4 H2O 49.0
N2 77.1 inerts 6.3

The kiln is fired with methane at 2,900 cubic feet /h (dry at 60 F and 14.7 Psia). Lime
conversion is 90% complete. What is the rate of CaO production?
a. 4670 lbs./h
b. 4850 lbs./h
c. 5120 lbs./h
d. 5870 lbs./h
Solution: Basis: 100 lb sludge
% mass, n,
Sludge
wt lbs lbmol
CaCO3 44.7 44.7 0.447
Water 49 49 2.7222
inerts 6.3 6.3
mols CaO made= 0.90 (0.447 lbmols) = 0.4023 lbmols CaO

Assume z mols of flue gas per 100 lb of sludge:

 Activity 01
Calculations

Flue %n mols
Gas
CO2 20.4 0.204z
CO 0.4 0.004z
N2 77.1 0.771z
O2 2.1 0.021z
Total 100 z
lbmols O2 in air used for burning = 0.771z (21/79) = 0.2049z
lbmols O2 un air used for combustion = 0.2049z – 0.021z = 0.1839z
lbmols O2 used by CH4 to form CO2 = 2(0.204z – 0.4023) = 0.408z - 0.8046
lbmols O2 used by CH4 to form CO = 0.1839z – (0.408z-0.8046)
lbmols O2 used by CH4 to form CO = 0.8046 – 0.2241z
lbmols CO formed = 2/3(0.8046-0.2241z) = 0.5364 – 0.1494z = 0.004z ; z = 3.4967
lbmols
lbmols C from CH4 = (0.204z + 0.004z) – 0.4023
lbmols C from CH4 = [0.204 (3.4967) + 0.004 (3.4967)] – 0.4023
lbmols C from CH4 = 0.3250 lbmols
492 °R mol
lbmols CH4 = 29000 ft3/hr (520 °R) (359 ft3 ) = 76.4303 lbmols/hr
0.4023 mol CaO 56 lb CaO 100 lb sludge 76.4303 lbmols
CaO produced = ( 100 lb sludge
) ( mol CaO ) (0.3250 mols CH ) ( hr
)
4
CaO produced = 5120 lbs/hr of CaO
41. How many kilogram of potassium 42. The maximum amount of total solids
nitrate will crystallize from 100 kg of allowed in a boiler is 800 mg/L the
a solution saturated at 60 deg C if its feed water has 10 mg/L solids. If the
cooled to 0 deg C? the solubility of boiler produces 40,000 kg/h of
potassium nitrate at 60 deg C is 110 steam, calculate the amount of water
g and at 0 deg C, 13 g in 100 g of removed per hour by making a blow
water. down.
a. 12.44 kg a. 902 kg/h
b. 46.19 kg b. 791 kg/h
c. 33.15 kg c. 609 kg/h
d. 23.67 kg d. 506 kg/h

SOL’N: SOL’N:
TMB: 100 = L + C TMB: F = 40,000 + P
L = 100 – C
KNO3 Bal: Solute Bal: 10F = 800 P
110 13
(100) = 𝐶 + 𝐿 P=506.3291 kg/h
210 113
C = 46.1905 kg
 Activity 01
Calculations

43. Pure Na2CO3.10H2O was SOL’N:

crystallized from a solution
containing 25% NA2CO3 by Basis: 1 kg dry stack gas
evaporating 15% water at a H2O removed = 1.6 – 0.1 = 1.5 kg H2O
temperature of 25 deg C. Calculate
the yield of crystals produced per
(0.055 – H) (50kg) = 1.5 kg
100 kg of original solution.
a. 55.9%
H = 0.025
b. 49.1%
c. 41.7%
Mat’l Bal @ BP:
d. 37.3%
dry analysis balance: md.a. R + md.a. F = 50

H2O Bal: 0.055mR + 0.016(50-mR) =

50(0.025)

MR = 11.3385 kg
11.5385(1.055)
SOL’N: %𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒 =
50(1.055)
TMB: 100 = 0.15(75) + C = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟎𝟕𝟕%

106 30.15 Linkage problem (45-47):

100(0.25) = ( 𝐶) + 𝐿
256 90.5 Producer gas is made treating brown coal
C = 31.95% with an airstream mixture at a high
temperature
OR:
2C + O2 -> CO + H2
105.9796
𝑥𝐶 = = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟎𝟔% C + H2O -> CO2 + H2
285.9796
The brown coal contains 62% C by weight.
44. Stock containing 1.60kg of water per
For the production of 1000 m3 of producer
kg of dry stock is to be dried to a
gas containing 40% CO,18% H2, and 42%
product containing 0.10 kg of water
N2 by volume
per kg of dried to a product
containing 0.10 kg of water per kg of 45. Calculate the consumption of brown
dried stock through the drier, leaving coal
at a humidity of 0.055. The fresh air a. 251 kg
is supplied at a humidity of 0. b. 349 kg
016.Calculate the fraction of air c. 416 kg
recirculated. d. 523 kg
a. 0.557 46. Calculate the consumption of air
b. 0.231 a. 688 kg
c. 0.461 b. 314 kg
d. 0.336 c. 527 kg
e. 449 kg
47. Calculate the consumption of steam
a. 123 kg
b. 110 kg
c. 167 kg
d. 145 kg
 Activity 01
Calculations

Linkage Problem (48-50):

A sample of coke containing 80.0% C, 6.0% N2, 0.6% S, and 4.0% ash is gasified in a
generator. The gas produced contains 32.0% CO, 12.0% H2, 6% CO2, and 50% N2. Calculate:
48. m3 gas produced per kg coke; 50. When pure carbon is burned in air,
a. 4.81 some of it gets oxidized to CO2 and
b. 3.93 some to CO. If the ratio of N2:O2 be
c. 2.99 7.18 and that of CO: CO2 be 2.0 in
d. 2.46 the flue gases, calculate the excess
49. m3 of air used for gasification of air used. Assume that the flue gases
coke. contain N2, O2, CO, and CO2 only.
a. 4.27 a. 30%
b. 3.98 b. 35%
c. 2.91 c. 40%
d. 2.47 d. 45%
Linkage Problem (51-53):
A boiler burns a fuel oil with dry air at 30°C and 100 kPa. The average Orsat analysis of
the fuel gas is CO2 = 12.9%; O2=3.8%; N2=83.3%. Assuming that the oil contains only carbon
and hydrogen, calculate the following
51. % excess air 2
a. 15.3% 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝐻 = (5.443) = 21.772 𝑘𝑔
1
b. 20.7% 2
c. 28.3%
d. 35.1% 1𝐶
𝐶= (12.9𝐶𝑂2 ) = 12.9 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶𝑂2
21
𝑂2 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 = (83.8) = 22.1430 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 154.8 𝑘𝑔
79

O2 free = 3.8 154.8

%𝐶 = × 100%
154.8 + 21.772
3.8 = 𝟖𝟕. 𝟔𝟔𝟒𝟔%
% 𝑥𝑠 𝑂2 = = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟑%
22.1430 − 3.8
53. m3 of air consumed per air oil
52. The weight % carbon in oil a. 15.04
a. 87.7% b. 21.41
b. 65.4% c. 11.22
c. 76.3% d. 27.31
d. 59.2%
100
𝑂2 𝑑𝑖𝑠 = 22.1430 𝐴𝑖𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 = (83.3) = 105.4430
79
𝑂2
− [12.9𝐶𝑂2 ( )
𝐶𝑂2 105.443(8.314)(303.15)
𝑉=
+ 3.8 𝑂2 ] = 5.443 100(176.572)
= 𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗𝒎𝟑
 Activity 01
Calculations

Linkage Problem (54-55):

Fuel oil (assumed to be C12H26) is injected into a furnace and completely burned with
1.5 times the air theoretically required for complete combustion. What are the compositions o
the flue gas on?
54. Dry basis:
a. CO2=10.12; O2=6.15; N2=83.73%
b. CO2=9.42; O2=7.26; N2=83.32%
c. CO2=8.67; O2=12.56; N2=78.77%
d. CO2=4.82; O2=6.53; N2=88.63%

37 13𝐻2 𝑂
𝐶12 𝐻26 + 𝑂 → 12𝐶𝑂2 + 13𝐻2 𝑂 𝐻2 𝑂 = 10𝐶12 𝐻26 ( ) = 130 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
2 2 𝐶12 𝐻26
37⁄ 𝑂 Dry:
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜 𝑂2 = 10 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ( 2 2 ) = 185 𝑂
2
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
N2 = 1043.7286 → 83.09%
O2 supply = 185(1.5) = 277.7 O2 = 92.5 → 7.36%
N2 = 1043.7286 CO2 =120 kmol → 9.55%
CO2 =120 kmol nT =1256.43
55. Wet basis:
a. CO2=9.95%; H2O=15.06%; N2 = 1043.7286 → 75.2963%
O2=5.98%; N2=69.01%
b. CO2=6.21%; H2O=8.08%; O2 = 92.5 → 6.6718%
O2=7.55%; N2=78.16%
c. CO2=12.45%; H2O=10.22%; CO2 =120 kmol → 3.6553%
O2=5.22%; N2=72.11%
d. CO2=8.56%; H2O=9.26%; H2O =130 → 9.3766%
O2=6.59%; N2=75.61%
nT =1356.43
56. A salt solution containing 24% NaCl by weight is prepared in the following manner:

Water 24% NaCl

x y NaCl
26.63% NaCl

A part of the inflow water stream is introduced into a vessel containing common salt,
where it becomes saturated. The saturated solution, containing 26.63% NaCl, is then mixed with
the bypass water stream to give a 24% NaCl solution. Calculate the ratio x: y in which the two
streams are to be mixed.
a. 4.22 b. 6.72 c. 8.22 d. 5.15
 Activity 01
Calculations

Basis: 100 kg 20.63% NaCl solution

Salt Bal: 26.63 = 0.24P 73.37

𝑥 = 100 ( ) = 73.37
100
P = 110.9583
𝑥 73.37
= = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟗𝟓𝟒
H2O Bal = 73.37 + y = 0.76(110.9583) 𝑦 10.9583

y = 10.9583
57. What is the amount of iron that can be produced from 1 ton of an iron ore containing
89% Fe2O3?
a. 791.4kg c. 691.4kg
b. 755.3kg d. 622.5kg
890𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 2 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐹𝑒 55.85𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ( )( ) = 𝟔𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟗𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝒈 𝑭𝒆
157.9 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
58. A tank holds 100 gal of a salt-water solution in which 4.0 lb. of salt are dissolved. Water
runs into the tank at the rate of 5gal/min and salt solution overflows at the same rate. If
the mixing in the tank is adequate to keep the concentration of salt in the tank uniform at
all times, how much salt is in the tank at the end of 50 min? Assume that the density of
the salt solution is essentially the same as that of pure water.
a. 0.328 lb./100 gal c. 0.446 lb./100 gal
b. 0.122 lb./100 gal d. 0.287 lb./100 gal
Linkage Problem (59-61):
A gas stream that contains 1.50 mole% CO2 flows through a pipeline. 20.0 kg of CO2/min is
injected to the line. A sample of a gas is drawn from a point in the line 150 m downstream of the
injection point and found to contain 2.3 mole % CO2.
59. Estimate the gas flow rate (kmol/min) upstream of the injection point (after steady state
has been reached).
a. 44.13 c. 61.81
b. 55.51 d. 72.33
Given:
2.3%mol CO
Q=20 kg/min CO2 SOL’N:

x= 0.454 mol/min CO2 TMB: 0.4545 + x = y

L=150 m 0.4545 + 0.015x = 0.023y

1.5% mol CO2 x = 55.5054 kmol/min

60. If the CO2 concentration at the measurement points (150 m downstream) begins to rise
at 18 s after the additional CO2 was first injected. Assuming that the tracer travels at the
average velocity of the gas in the pipeline (i.e. neglecting diffusion of CO2), estimate the
average velocity(m/s)
a. 8.333 m/s c. 10.222m /s
b. 9.211 m/s d. 11.337 m/s
150
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 18 = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎/𝒔
 Activity 01
Calculations

61. If the molar gas density is 0.123 kmol/m3, what is the pipe diameter?
a. 0.458 c. 1.072
b. 0.908 d. 2.901
𝑄 D = 1.072 m
= 8.333 𝑚/𝑠
𝐴

55.5058
𝜋 = 8.333
60(0.123) (4 𝐷 2 )

Linkage problem (62-65):

The gases entering on NH3 reactor are in mole ratio of 4H2:1N2. The mole ratio of the gases in
the exit stream is 4.25. reactions proceed as h2+n2 > NH3. Determine:
62. What is the limiting reactant?
a. H2 c. H2 and N2
b. N2 d. Can be determined
Basis: 2𝑁𝐻3
1𝐻2 × = 2.67 𝑁𝐻3
3𝐻2
3𝐻2 + 𝑁2 → 2𝑁𝐻3
LR = N2
2𝑁𝐻3
1𝑁2 × = 24 𝑘𝑔
1𝑁2
63. % excess reactant
a. 33.33 c. 36.67
b. 25.66 d. 44.44
3𝐻2
1𝑁2 × = 3𝐻2
1𝑁2

Excess = 4-3 =1

1
%𝑥 ′ 𝑠 = × 100% = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟑%
3
64. What volume of entering gas (measured at 500 C, 1 atm) must enter the reactor to
produce 150 metric tons of pure NH3 per day?
a. 4500 m3/day
b. 5000 m3/day
c. 6000 m3/day
d. 7000 m3/day
65. What is the % conversion of H2 in the previous question?
a. 12%
b. 15%
c. 18%
d. 21%